华北板块北缘勃隆克A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

内蒙古翁牛特旗勃隆克岩体位于华北板块北缘,侵位于上侏罗系火山岩地层中。详细的岩相学研究显示,勃隆克花岗岩具有粒状结构、蠕虫结构和文像结构,块状构造,部分斜长石已绢云母化、泥化。对勃隆克花岗岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得134.0±1.8Ma和134.9±4.1Ma的侵位年龄,表明其形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征显示,花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,有较高的SO2(74.1%~75.6%)、Na2O+K2O(8.98%~9.2%)、Rb(210×10-6~225×10-6)含量和10000×Ga/Al(2.69~2.80)、Rb/Sr(5.8~18.9)值,具有较低的CaO、MgO、Ba和Sr含量。铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.99~1.03,属于偏铝质或过铝质A型花岗岩。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解显示,轻稀土元素相对富集,负Eu异常明显;在原始地幔标准化图解上,Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、P、T强烈亏损,富集Rb、Th、K、Hf等元素,与华北板块北缘早白垩世A型花岗岩类似。结合区域构造演化,认为勃隆克花岗岩形成于伸展构造背景。晚中生代,华北板块北缘构造体制经历了重大的转变,地壳从挤压体制转为岩石圈减薄和地壳伸展体制,软流圈物质上涌导致上覆地壳长英质物质的部分熔融形成勃隆克A型花岗岩。     

青海省河南县三叠系伊利石结晶度与极低级变质作用

在开展“青海省河南县托叶玛地区I47E007023、I47E008023、I47E009023、1I47E009024四幅1:5万区域地质矿产调查”时,为验证该地区三叠系变质情况,针对三叠系中泥岩(页岩)的伊利石结晶度做了分析测试。30件样品的实验结果表明: 北部宗务隆—泽库地层分区三叠系泥岩(页岩)伊利石Kübler结晶度指数为0.312~0.537,晶胞参数b₀为0.898 0~0.903 2 nm,判断其变质温度小于350 ℃,具葡萄石-绿纤石和沸石相; 南部西倾山地层分区三叠系泥岩(页岩)的伊利石Kübler结晶度指数为0.21~0.318,b₀为0.898 1~0.901 4 nm,变质温度主要分布在200~350 ℃,局部>350 ℃,具葡萄石-绿纤石和绿片岩相。研究认为青海省河南县地区区域变质程度较低,为极低级变质作用或者未发生区域变质作用,且南部西倾山地层分区的变质程度略高于北部宗务隆—泽库地层分区变质程度。这一变质相带研究结论与前人认为的“区域低温动力变质作用及低绿片岩相变质带”不一致,变质程度相对更低。该研究证实了在青海省河南县地区三叠系地层中不存在大面积区域变质作用,仅存在极低级区域变质作用。     

自然环境高温对长江中下游地区中稻结实率的影响及模拟

利用长江中下游地区6个代表站2004—2011年中籼迟熟水稻品种区试资料及1984—2013年逐日最高气温资料,通过分析田间环境下逐日最高气温与水稻结实率的关系发现,长江中下游地区中稻高温敏感时段主要在水稻齐穗期前36天至齐穗期前4天。其中,齐穗期前14天左右(减数分裂期前后)高温对结实率的影响最为显著。在此基础上,利用水稻高温败育模型,根据各样本水稻减数分裂期逐日最高气温,实现研究区域站点尺度水稻高温败育的定量模拟预测。模型对高温年份2004年和2007年各站点水稻相对结实率模拟和预测的均方根误差分别为4.74%和2.84%。分析表明,利用基于水稻高温败育模型的定量模拟方法,可对长江中下游地区水稻高温热害情况进行较好预测。     

辽河群变质相带特征及石榴石的研究

辽河群变质带以博洛铺—红石砬子为基轴,显示南北对称呈EW向展布,变质带中没有发现矽线石、红柱石、堇青石等矿物,表明变质温度未达到高温等变质反应度,而属中压相带,且可划分出中压型巴罗式变质带,即黑云母带、铁铝榴石带、十字石带和兰晶石带。变质矿物石榴石均属铁铝石榴石,随着变质度的增高,石榴石成分Al_2O_3、MgO、FeO+Fe_2O_3的含量增加,而CaO、MnO的含量减少,石榴石晶胞参数也随着变质度增高而有规律的减小。     

应用流式细胞术测定中国四种经济蟹类的基因组大小

The genome size(C-value) of an organism is referring to the DNA content of its non-replicated haploid chromosome complement,generally deduced from measuring somatic diploid nuclei.We presented genome size(C-value) data obtained by flow cytometry for four commercially important crabs(Portunus trituberculatus,Charybdis japonica,Scylla paramamosain,and Eriocheir sinensis) common in the coast of China.Gallus domesticus(2C=2.5 pg) was used as the internal standard.The results showed that the C-value for P.trituberculatus,C.japonica,S.paramamosain,and E.sinensis were(2.31±0.01) pg,(2.33±0.03) pg,(1.64±0.02) pg,and(2.29±0.03) pg,respectively.The C-value of P.trituberculatus,C.japonica and S.paramamosain were reported for the first time.The data represented by the four species indicated that they had lower DNA contents than average DNA values in crustaceans((4.99±0.48) pg),and three of the four values were very similar if not identical.The results provide useful data for future studies in the fields of biodiversity,species conservation,and phylogeny of these commercial crabs.They will also be helpful in instructing the hybridization breeding program and estimating the cost of the whole genome sequencing project.     

历元间差分精密单点定位的精度分析

针对历元间差分精密单点定位技术用于地表形变监测的可行性问题,该文利用IGS跟踪站数据,对此方法的精度进行分析:借助自编程序,对IGS跟踪站不同采样率数据进行动态模拟的数据处理和误差统计,对历元间差分精密单点定位技术的精度进行比较和初步分析,验证GPS数据采样率对该技术定位精度的影响。实验结果表明,此方法能够满足地震等地质灾害引起的同震地表形变监测的精度要求。     

Multi‐model ensemble prediction of terrestrial evapotranspiration across north China using Bayesian model averaging

Using high‐quality dataset from 12 flux towers in north China, the performance of four evapotranspiration (ET) models and the multi‐model ensemble approaches including the simple averaging (SA) and Bayesian model average (BMA) were systematically evaluated in this study. The four models were the single‐layer Penman–Monteith (P–M) model, the two‐layer Shuttleworthe–Wallace (S–W) model, the advection–aridity (A–A) model, and a modified Priestley–Taylor (PT‐JPL). Based on the mean value of Taylor skill (S) and the regression slope between measured and simulated ET values across all sites, the order of overall performance of the individual models from the best to the worst were: S–W (0.88, 0.87), PT‐JPL (0.80, 1.17), P–M (0.63, 1.73) and A–A (0.60, 1.68) [statistics stated as (Taylor skill, regression slope)]. Here, all models used the same values of parameters, LAI and fractional vegetation cover as well as the forcing meteorological data. Thus, the differences in model performance were mainly attributed to errors in model structure. To the ensemble approach, the BMA method has the advantage of generating more skillful and reliable predictions than the SA scheme. However, successful implementation of BMA requires accurate estimates of its parameters, and some degradation in performance were observed when the BMA parameters generated from the training period were used for the validation period. Thus, it is necessary to explore the seasonal variations of the BMA parameters according the different growth stages. Finally, the optimal conditional density function of half‐hourly ET approximated well by the double‐exponential distribution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘寒武纪同沉积伸展断裂系统及其成因机制分析

由于复杂的构造叠加及严重的覆盖,人们对鄂尔多斯盆地早古生代深部结构的研究仍很薄弱。本文主要通过地震数据处理和解释,结合野外地质调查,发现在寒武纪时期,盆地的南缘发育了一套北东向和近东西向的正断裂系统。作者对这套断裂系统的平面及剖面特征进行了详细的描述和分析,并结合区域地质背景探讨了其成因机制,结果表明该套断裂系统主要是由于先存的元古宙北东向基底断层在寒武纪时期发生了继承性活动而形成,同时在断裂系统的局部区段派生出了东西向展布的小规模新生断层。这套断裂系统的发现可能对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘在寒武纪的演化认识及油气勘探具有一定的启示意义。     

Anomozamites (Bennettitales) from Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation,western Liaoning,China

The Middle Jurassic Hangfanggou Formation is well exposed in Shangsanjiao and Xiasanjiao villages area,Baimashi town of Huludao,western Liaoning,China.Recently,abundant fossil plants were collected from the Hangfanggou Formation.One new species,Anomozamites sanjiaocunensis sp.nov.(Bennettitales),is described in this study.This is the first report of the genus Anomozamites from the Haifanggou Formation based upon the leaf morphology and epidermal structures.The discovery of the new species extends significantly the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Anomozamites in the Middle Jurassic.It also shows that Anomozamites was a common member of Bennettitales once lived in the Middle Jurassic warm temperate region.The new species also improves the knowledge on understanding the leaf morphology,epidermal features and the diversity of Anomozamites during the Middle Jurassic.The epidermal characters of the new species and its associated plants reveal that the plants grew in a warm and moderately humid environment in the warm temperate zone.The presence of some deciduous plants,such as ginkgoaleans,czekanowskialeans and conifers,indicate the climate with seasonal fluctuations in temperature.