Sino‐Kharosthi and Sino‐Brahmi coins from the silk road of western China identified with stylistic and mineralogical evidence

Three coins of the Khotan horse, or Sino‐Kharosthi, style from Xinjiang province of China were recently obtained from a coin dealer. Because the archaeological context of these coins remains unknown, we conducted chemical and stylistic analyses to help determine their authenticity. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and wavelength dispersive X‐ray (WDX or microprobe) measurements indicate that they are red (pure) copper and bronze coins, with one coin containing 4.2% Ag. Metal content and the presence of secondary minerals formed through weathering indicate that these are authentic ancient coins that were buried in a dry environment. All three coins bear Chinese characters; one shows Kharosthi, and two display Brahmi, a popular language in Khotan from A.D. 260 to 282. This indicates that the Sino‐Brahmi coins were made slightly later than the Sino‐Kharosthi coins, which were made before A.D. 260. These specimens represent the first Sino‐Brahmi coin and 20‐zhu coin ever reported in the literature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

两种北极微型浮游植物的荧光差异性分析

为了利用荧光技术对北极浮游植物的生理生态信息进行系统研究, 本文以实验室培养条件下的两种北冰洋微型浮游植物——柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)和海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)为研究对象, 先采用流式细胞术(Flow Cytometry, FCM)和全荧光光谱法对其活体中色素的静态荧光进行测量, 后利用脉冲调制方法(Pulsed Amplitude Modulation, PAM)对其叶绿素动态荧光信息进行测定, 对两种浮游植物的三类荧光信息进行综合比较分析, 结果表明: 柔弱伪菱形藻的丰度、基础荧光(F0)、光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)光化学的有效量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)及光合电子传递效率(ETR)分别为22×105cell/mL、844、0.247和42.8, 皆高于海链藻的相应值(8×105cell/mL、464、0.185及33.0); 静态荧光和基础荧光分析表明柔弱伪菱形藻细胞内叶绿素a (chl a)含量较高; 海链藻细胞内则具有较高含量的类胡萝卜素, 其对光保护机制依赖性较强。本文初步展示了三类荧光分析法在极地微型浮游植物生理生态研究方面的联合应用。     

对虾白斑综合症病毒透射电镜分析中病毒固定条件的优化

电镜观察是研究对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)形态和结构的重要手段.本研究采用不同浓度的多聚甲醛和戊二醛对纯化的WSSV粒子进行固定,从中寻找最优的固定条件用于病毒的透射电镜(TEM)分析.实验结果显示,经过多聚甲醛或者戊二醛固定的WSSV粒子对吸附、染色等实验操作的耐受性较未固定样品有显著提高,在制样过程中没有发生明显的结构破坏.其中1.00％ (V/V)多聚甲醛常温固定20 min对WSSV粒子的结构保持得最好.进一步地分析表明,1.00％多聚甲醛固定后的病毒粒子更有利于金标免疫电镜的研究.     

基于不等式约束的磁共振信号T2谱多指数分解法及算法改进

磁共振地下水探测信号的弛豫时间T₂和振幅与地下岩石孔隙大小和地下水的含水量直接相关。目前,磁共振地下水探测方法中,信号的衰减特性由平均弛豫时间T^*₂来描述。然而,对于复杂的多孔介质组成的岩石结构,仅由T^*₂无法准确描述地下孔隙情况。详细研究了基于不等式约束的多指数分解法,进行了信号T₂谱的提取,并重新计算多指数形式下的信号初始振幅。结果表明：对比信号在不同采集时间下的T₂谱提取结果,延长信号的采集时间有助于T₂谱的准确提取;通过磁共振仿真信号计算并分析不同信噪比下的T₂谱提取结果,信噪比大于30 dB时相对误差平均值小于5%;进行算法改进,得到信噪比大于10 dB时相对误差平均值小于5%的结果,且幅值和T₂的相对误差平均值降低了约1/3。由此可知:采用多指数分解法能够获得磁共振信号的T₂谱,正则化技术和加权修正能够提高T₂谱的准确度和抗干扰能力;与单指数方式相比,采用多指数拟合能够更准确地恢复信号初始振幅。     

高邮-宝应M4.9地震前湖州定点形变异常分析

对高邮-宝应M4.9地震前湖州台定点形变资料进行了分析,发现其存在趋势异常、短期异常和临震异常。震源机制解结果显示,摆式倾斜仪的倾斜异常的方向与研究区域背景应力场方向一致,形变异常很可能是区域构造应力场改变的反映。     

Phase evolution of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Yellow Sea: Benthic foraminiferal evidence from core C02

Assemblages of benthic foraminifera in a sediment core (C02) near the western margin of the southern Yellow Sea Mud were studied to decipher the phase evolution of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes associated with the Holocene marine transgression. It appears that during the early Holocene (11.2–10.1 kyr BP), the faunal was dominated by low salinity and shallow water species Cribrononion subincertum, Buccella frigida and Ammonia beccarii, reflecting a near coast depositional environment. A rapid increase of the relative abundance of Ammonia compressiuscula between 10.1–9.3 kyr BP indicates that the sea level rose rapidly during that time period. From 9.3–7.7 kyr BP, the benthic foraminiferal assemblage was dominated by high percentage of A. compressiscula, suggesting that the sea level was relatively stable. An obvious transition of benthic foraminifera, from the A. compressiuscula-dominated assemblage to an Ammonia ketienziensis-dominated assemblage, occurred between 7.7–6.2 kyr BP, possibly corresponding to a second sea level rapid rise period in the Yellow Sea during the Holocene. This transition may correspond to the gradually strengthened Yellow Sea warm current (YSWC) and finally is established the modern-type circulation in the Yellow Sea. It may also mark the formation of the Yellow Sea cold bottom water (YSCBW) during that period. Since then, the benthic foraminiferal assemblage based on core C02 was dominated by typical YSCBW species, A. ketienziensis, Astrononion italicum and Hanzawaia nipponica, at 6.2–4 kyr BP. A non-deposition period occurred since ～4 kyr BP, which possibly related to the hydrology changes caused by the East Asia monsoon. The two obvious benthic foraminiferal transitions recorded in core C02 during the early and middle Holocene provide evidence that the Yellow Sea has undergone a two-phase rapid sea level rise during the Holocene marine transgression.     

Omni-directional distribution patterns of montane coniferous forest in the Helan Mountains of China

Slope aspect has significant effect on the development and distribution of montane forest,especially in arid and semiarid regions.This paper,using SPOT5 images and 1:50,000 DEM,digitally extracts and analyzes the spatial information of montane coniferous forest(mainly Qinghai spruce),and thereby explores how the upper and lower limits and the altitudinal range of coniferous forest vary and how the area of coniferous forest is related with annual insolation with all aspects in the Helan Mountains.The results show that: 1) In the eastern flank,the lower limit of coniferous forest is between 1,600 m and 2,000 m a.s.l.,and the upper limit between 2,800 m and 3,000 m a.s.l.;in the western flank,the lower limit of coniferous forest is between 2,000 m and 2,300 m a.s.l.,and the upper limit between 2,800 m and 3,100 m a.s.l.2) The altitudinal ranges of coniferous forest are 806~1,435 m,438~1,140 m for eastern flank and western flank,respectively.3) The area of coniferous forest takes on a normal distribution with aspect,and it has a close relationship with annual insolation.This distribution model developed in this paper quantitatively reveals the significant effect of slope aspect on the distribution of coniferous forest in arid and semi-arid land.     

东营市浅层卤水资源开发现状及开采潜力分析

采取环境地质调查、水位测量、水样分析、土样分析、抽水试验等多种工作手段,对东营市卤水开采现状进行了详细调查,分析总结了卤水资源开采对地质环境的影响,并结合开采现状,进行了浅层卤水资源开采潜力分析,为当地合理布局开发提供了依据。     

任意各向异性介质相(群)速度的计算

反映弹性波在各向异性介质中传播特性的两个基础的物理量是相速度和群速度.本文在总结前人工作的基础上,提出任意各向异性介质相(群)速度的计算方案:首先推导各自计算公式,其次考虑剪切波奇点的特殊性,再次令其遵循相应约束条件,最后,采用三个计算实例检验该方案的正确性和有效性.通过对计算结果的分析以及各向异性理论预测可以加深对各向异性特有性质(如剪切波奇点、群速度多值性)的理解,有助于增强我们对任意各向异性理论的基本认识.     

2010年1月24日山西河津-万荣MS4.8地震的震源机制解与发震构造探讨

2010年1月24日,山西省运城市河津-万荣交界地区发生Ms4.8地震.由于本次地震强度较低,并未形成地表破裂带,分析其发震构造具有一定的困难.地震现场工作队只能根据浅层人工地震剖面、附近钻孔资料、烈度等震线长轴和震中区附近活动断裂等来推定,认为西辛封隐伏断裂为可能的发震断裂.为此,下面我们将在分析本次地震的震源机制解、序列三维空间分布特征的基础上,结合本次地震的宏观考察结果,确定其发震构造并探讨发震机理.