Triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution for Beidou navigation satellite system

The Chinese Beidou system, also known as Compass, has entered its trial operational stage and can already provide services for triple-frequency users. Using triple-frequency signals is expected to be of great benefit for ambiguity resolution. Based on error characteristic analysis of the Beidou frequencies, we introduce the procedure of selecting the best combinations of triple-frequency signals. The geometry-based model and geometry-free model of triple-frequency signals are presented. Three triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) methods are described, which include the cascading rounding method, the stepwise AR method and the modified stepwise AR method. In order to evaluate the performance of these methods, observations from baselines of various lengths were collected using Beidou triple-frequency receivers and were processed epoch-by-epoch using the three methods. The same observation data were also processed in a dual-frequency mode for comparison. The results show that, compared to the dual-frequency based solution, the single epoch ambiguity resolution success rate with triple frequency improved nearly 30 % for the short baselines (<20 km) and 100 % for the mid-length baselines (20–50 km) using the proposed modified stepwise AR method.     

Reliable single-epoch ambiguity resolution for short baselines using combined GPS/BeiDou system

GNSS single-epoch real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning depends on correct ambiguity resolution. If the number of observed satellites in a single epoch is insufficient, which often happens with a standalone GNSS system, the ambiguity resolution is difficult to achieve. China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System has been providing continuous passive positioning, navigation and timing services since December 27, 2012, covering China and the surrounding area. This new system will increase the number of satellites in view and will have a significant effect on successful ambiguity resolution. Since the BeiDou system is similar to GPS, the procedure of data processing is easier than that for the Russian GLONASS system. We briefly introduce the time and the coordinate system of BeiDou and also the BeiDou satellite visibility in China, followed by the discussion on the combined GPS/BeiDou single-epoch algorithm. Experiments were conducted and are presented here, in which the GPS/BeiDou dual-frequency static data were collected in Wuhan with the baseline distance varying from 5 to 13 km, and processed in separate and combined modes. The results indicate that, compared to a standalone GPS or BeiDou system, the combined GNSS system can increase the successful ambiguity fixing rate for single epochs and can also improve the precision of short baselines determination.     

利用超导重力数据检测汶川地震激发的球型地球自由振荡

利用Canberra、Matsushiro、Membach和Metsahovi 4个台站2008年5月的超导重力数据对汶川8.0级大地震激发的球型地球自由振荡进行了研究。结果表明,0S0～0S48全部基频振型以及1S4、2S4和3S13个谐频振型与PREM模型的误差在0.02‰～1.93‰,且所有振型的信噪比均大于阈值3,表明本文的计算方法是有效的,计算结果是可信的;0S2、0S3和0S4存在谱线分裂现象,其谱线分裂率R为1.093 40、0.674 30和1.071 00,验证了地球自转和椭率是引起0S2、0S3和0S4谱线分裂的主要原因。     

基于案例推理的居民地选取方法

针对当前中小比例尺地图中居民地选取面临的专家制图经验难以形式化表达的问题,提出一种基于案例推理的居民地选取方法。首先,把制图专家对居民地交互选取结果作为案例对象,挖掘居民地案例的属性特征指标,对属性赋值和归一化处理;然后,采用逐步消元法对居民地最佳属性组合进行选择,并构建源案例库;最后,采用案例推理方法,结合KNN算法,训练案例库确定KNN算法的最佳K值,将新案例与源案例库检索匹配,得出最佳决策结果,进而指导待决策居民地的自动选取。经试验验证,该方法能够较好地还原专家的选取意向,具有较好的抗噪声能力,在面状居民地自动选取中取得了较好的效果。     

一种具有抗弱边缘能力的航空影像房屋自动提取方法

在充分利用房屋影像特征和目标领域知识的基础上,构造了基于方向信息的弱边缘检测、大跨度直线桥线段提取、角点分析与检测、房屋轮廓推理与证实、房屋轮廓修整与表达等关键算法,以控制注意力焦点处理机制和影像级、符号级结合的运算方式,对大比例尺航空影像中的房屋目标进行提取。本文详细地描述了此方法,并给出了在提取被树荫等环境因素干扰的规整平顶、坡顶房屋方面所取得的效果。     

面向水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪及应用

针对多波束点云数据去噪难以保留精细特征,无法精确“锁定”河床形态问题,本文提出了一种面向自然资源确权水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪算法。以KD树搜索为基础,引入统计滤波理论进行多尺度噪声分类,并剔除大尺度噪声;针对小尺度噪声,在信息熵理论基础上,以主成分分析算法为基础,以信息熵最小原则确定最优邻域,并据此构建曲率信息熵对双边滤波因子进行优化改进,以实现水下地形点云去噪与精细特征保留的目的。试验结果表明,本文算法具有可行性,能够有效保证水下地形的精细特征,并能够应用于自然资源水流三维登记。     

吉林省城镇土地分等和基准地价平衡信息系统应用研究

随着社会经济的发展,城镇基准地价与城镇因素的关系越来越密切,研究手段也越来越多。《吉林省城镇土地分等和基准地价平衡信息系统》则通过地理信息手段研究城镇土地分等与他们的关系。     

TurboEdit单站GPS数据周跳探测方法的改进

分析了TurboEdit方法的局限性,提出了一种改进方法。该方法联合差分无电离层观测值(DLC)、电离层观测值(LG)和Moulborne-Wuebbena宽波模糊度观测值(MW)综合探测和确认周跳。对多个IGS站的处理结果表明,改进方法能够有效地剔除观测噪声造成的虚假周跳,从而增强了数据的连续性和参数估计程序的计算效率。     

多系统GNSS卫星轨道快速积分方法

快速高效且高精度的轨道数值积分算法是多系统GNSS卫星联合快速精密定轨的重要基础。本文从自适应变换Admas积分步长和多卫星同步积分两方面研究了多系统GNSS卫星轨道快速积分方法。为了验证该方法的精度和效率,利用武汉大学(WHU)与欧洲定轨中心(CODE)发布的事后精密星历进行轨道动力学拟合。试验结果表明:GPS/GLONASS/BDS/Galileo 4个系统卫星平均三维RMS均优于20mm;在不损失传统方法精度的前提下,单颗卫星平均积分与拟合耗时仅需0.09s,较传统逐颗卫星固定步长积分算法提升了14倍,并且随着卫星数的增加,效率提升越明显。     

卫星重力梯度观测数据的时变信号影响分析

系统地讨论了时变重力中潮汐信号与非潮汐信号对GOCE卫星重力梯度观测数据的影响。结果表明:(1)时变改正的量级为0.1 mE,比GOCE卫星设计精度(3.2 mE)低,但其为有色噪声,在数据预处理中必须剔除;(2)潮汐影响(0.1 mE)比非潮汐影响(0.01 mE)要高一个量级,决定着时变重力改正的精度。将本文计算结果与GOCE官方公布结果进行对比,二者具有较好一致性,验证了本文计算方法及结果的有效性。