基于用户星精密轨道的TDRS卫星定轨

分析了TDRS卫星的轨道特性及传统的地基测距跟踪技术定轨精度不高的现状,研究了基于空基的用户星精密轨道的TDRS卫星定轨,解决了基于空基的一般GEO卫星定轨问题。     

顾及有效角动量与IGS超快解数据的极移预报方法

极移高精度预报对卫星实时定轨、深空探测器导航等应用至关重要.本文提出了一种联合有效角动量(Effective Angular Momentum, EAM)与国际全球卫星导航系统服务组织(International GNSS Service, IGS)提供的超快解数据进行极移预报的方法.该方法基于IGS超快解数据得到的极移第1天预报值, 对引入EAM得到的极移预报结果进行校正, 获得联合预报值.首先, 基于LS(Least Squares)+AR(Auto-Regressive)模型实现了引入EAM的极移预报, 相对国际地球自转与参考系统服务组织(International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, IERS)提供的公报A数据, 在超短期(第1~10天)预报跨度可以得到更高精度的极移预报结果, 其中大气和海洋角动量发挥了主要作用.其次, 鉴于IGS超快解数据精度高、更新快的特点, 以IGS超快解为基础数据, 基于LS+AR模型可以得到极移第1天预报值, 其精度显著优于IERS公报A的极移第1天预报值.最后, 利用第1天预报值对顾及有效角动量的预报结果进行校正获得了联合预报值, 进一步提高了超短期极移预报精度(尤其是第1~5天).2020年7月24日—2022年1月30日间的联合预报结果表明: 第1~20天的预报值总体优于IERS公报A的预报值.其中, 第1~10天的预报精度显著提升, 在预报第1天, X、Y方向预报值相对公报A预报值的精度提升分别可达39.5%~62.3%和24.5%~51.9%;在预报第10天, 相对公报A预报值的精度提升分别可达28.0%~28.9%和21.9%~23.4%.

     

Epicenter and magnitude of large earthquake determined from high-rate GPS observations: A case study of the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers.     

褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学观察

为探究卵胎生鱼类褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)的仔、稚鱼消化系统组织学特点, 采用常规组织切片技术, 并用HE染色和组织化学染色, 比较分析了产出后0~50d的褐菖鲉仔、稚鱼消化系统发育的组织学变化。结果显示: 褐菖鲉初产仔鱼已分化出口咽腔, 并具有初始的食道、胃、肠、肝脏和胰脏; 2日仔鱼肛门与外界相通, 食道扩大, 开始摄食, 进入混合性营养期; 3~4日仔鱼幽门盲囊出现, 食道内壁出现黏膜皱褶5~6个, 胃黏膜皱褶5个, 肝细胞团区域扩大; 5~6日仔鱼卵黄囊和油球耗尽, 进入外源性营养期, 食道黏膜上皮出现杯状细胞, 肠道弯曲, 可区分前中肠和后肠两部分; 10~14日仔鱼食道环肌层明显, 黏膜皱褶增加到7~12个, 胃壁四层结构基本形成, 肠道黏膜皱褶加深, 纹状缘清晰可见, 肝细胞分裂迅速, 数量显著增加, 体积增大, 出现肝血窦和胰岛; 28~30日稚鱼出现胃腺和胃小凹, 已具功能性胃, 标志着稚鱼期的开始, 此时胰岛细胞数量和酶原颗粒增多, 消化能力显著提高; 47~50日稚鱼已基本具有成鱼胃的特征, 肠道纹状缘发达, 肝细胞呈多边形, 细胞内含大量脂肪颗粒, 消化系统从结构和功能上已趋于完善。由此可见, 褐菖鲉仔鱼和稚鱼消化系统的发育具有卵胎生鱼类发育较早的特点, 与其消化功能的完善密切相关。     

Nonlinear influences on ocean waves observed by X-band radar

The purpose of this study is to discuss the influence of signal nonlinearity upon X-band radar observations. A method for estimating the degree of nonlinearity by bispectral analysis was applied and discussed. We found that bispectral analyses from spatial radar backscatter series are similar to results obtained from water level time series. In addition, the average nonlinear degree from radar backscatter is related to wind speed. The accuracy of wave observations derived by consideration of the nonlinear effect from radar backscatter was also investigated. The estimated error in wave height from the radar data is also related to the degree of nonlinearity. In order to improve accuracy, the modulation transfer function method was applied in order to eliminate the influence of nonlinearity.     

Development and verification of the comprehensive model for physical properties of hydrate sediment

Natural gas hydrate is widely distributed all over the world and may be a potential resource in the near future, whereas hydrate dissociation during the development affects wellbore stability and drilling safety. However, the present modeling of hydrate reservoir parameters ignored the influence of effective stress and only considered the hydrate saturation. In this paper, a series of stress sensitivity experiments for the unconsolidated sandstone were carried out, and the influence of mean effective stress on physical parameters was obtained; a comprehensive model for the physical parameters of hydrate reservoir was developed subsequently. With the help of ABAQUS finite element software, the established comprehensive model was verified by the use of the wellbore stability numerical model of hydrate reservoir. The verification results show that ignoring the effect of mean effective stress on the parameters of hydrate formation aggravates the invasion of drilling fluid into the hydrate formation. Besides, ignoring the stress sensitivity of reservoir physical parameters will underestimate the wellbore instability during hydrate drilling, which will be a threat to the safety of gas hydrate drilling. At the end of the drilling operation, the maximum plastic strain of the model for considering and not considering stress sensitivity was 0.0145 and 0.0138, respectively. Therefore, the established comprehensive model will provide a theoretical support for accurately predicting the engineering geological disasters in hydrate development process.     

西湖凹陷孔雀亭气田成藏主控因素

综合运用地质、钻井、生物标志物、碳同位素、储层流体包裹体等资料,在油气分布特征和来源分析的基础上,探讨了控制西湖凹陷孔雀亭气田油气成藏及富集的主要因素。研究结果表明,孔雀亭气田油气主要分布在始新统平湖组储层内,具有"上油下气"的纵向分布特征,以断块型凝析气藏为主,原油及天然气来源于自身和西部次洼平湖组源岩联合供烃。孔雀亭气田油气成藏及富集主要受断层封堵性、砂体厚度和储层物性及流体充注历史的联合控制,断层封堵性控制了油气藏的含油气性,砂体厚度和储层物性制约了油气层厚度和含油气饱和度,流体充注历史决定了油气藏的现今赋存相态。     

Observations of the countercurrent on the inshore side of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan

Intensive current measurements in the area northeast of Taiwan indicate subsurface, southwestward flow existed between the inshore edge of the Kuroshio and the East China Sea continental slope. At 70 km away from Taiwan, this countercurrent has a mean speed about 30 cm s^–1 at mid-depth. Closer to Taiwan, the flow turns along with the topography, and subjects to sidewall and bottom friction. Both the magnitude and the vertical shear of this countercurrent are comparable with that inferred from hydrographic survey. The wind field features short-period (a few days) fluctuations associated with the cold front passages, however, this is not reflected on the current records. It appears that the countercurrent is fairly steady. Together with similar reversing flow found at places much further to the north, the overall pattern seems to be a general quasi-steady feature along most part of the shelf edge of the East China Sea.     

Seasonal variability of intrusion of the Kuroshio water across the continental shelf northeast of Taiwan

The currents over the East China Sea continental slope northeast of Taiwan were monitored from mid-July to early December, 1992 and again from late March to early August, 1993, covering the two transition periods of monsoon seasons. In 1992, we found massive Kuroshio intrusion (onshore velocity reaching 25 cm/s or more) occurred at mid-October, a lag of one month after the wind pattern changed from southerly to northeasterly. By comparing the surface meteorological with observed cross-slope velocity, we suggest that cooling rather than direct wind forcing, i.e., mid-October cold air outbreaks associated with the Siberia highs moving across the East China Sea, may be the major cause for triggering the observed winter intrusion event. The intrusion continued until the end of the 1992 data in early December and again in late March and early April of 1993 when the data became available. In mid-April, 1993, the intrusion suddenly halted when the lows replaced the highs and the wind reversed with warm air from south. In addition, we found that short-period intrusions appeared in August and early September, 1992 and in late July, 1993. All of these summer intrusions coincide with the occurrence of typhoon passages over or further offshore of the area northeast of Taiwan.