基于Python的ArcGIS地理数据批处理

ArcGIS地理处理工具一般只针对单个数据集执行,而运用Python脚本语言可以实现地理数据的批处理。本文以原始DEM影像插值生成特定空间分辨率的DEM影像为例,给出数据批处理的具体实现过程。     

基于语义优先的土地利用图斑综合的空间信息评价研究

研究了运用缓冲区叠加、Delaunay三角网骨架线等算法建立基于语义优先的制图综合模型,对土地利用图斑进行了聚合、融合等操作,从空间信息的角度选取了拓扑信息熵、专题拓扑信息熵两种评价指标,对综合前后的地类、地图两个层次的空间信息进行了对比研究。结果表明:从地类角度分析,综合前后,由于其他农用地分布零散,其拓扑信息熵、专题拓扑信息熵的变化率最大,分别为40.35%、38.60%;从地图角度分析,综合过程导致地图原有的部分空间信息消失,综合后地图的拓扑信息熵、专题拓扑信息熵均减小。     

GPS单频实时动态定位研究与实现

城市道路条件下卫星观测环境复杂, 卫星遮挡变化严重, 导致GPS实时动态定位效果不佳。本文利用单频伪距观测值与多普勒观测值, 基于卫星信噪比确定观测序列噪声的方差-协方差阵, 采用卡尔曼滤波器, 实现了实时PVT算法。基于u-blox LEA-6T模块和普通导航天线搭建实时PVT测试平台, 多次城市道路测试显示, 该算法克服了实时动态定位发散严重的问题, 实时动态定位效果好, 算法稳定可靠, 具有较高的实用性。     

GPS地震仪:PANDA软件测试结果与验证

介绍了基于PANDA软件的高采样率GPS数据非差精密定位方法,为了验证高采样GPS技术与地震仪观测结果的一致性,进行了震动平台模拟数据试验。试验结果表明,高采样GPS和地震仪均能有效地恢复平台震动位移和震动主频率。对2010年Baja地震实际观测的GPS和强震仪进行分析,结果表明,利用高采样GPS技术不仅能成功获取地震波信号;而且能同时获得地表永久形变信息;而地震仪只能获取地震波信息,而不能直接获得地表永久形变信息。     

应用GPS建立区域独立坐标系中椭球变换的研究

阐述了在应用GPS技术建立区域独立坐标系过程中的椭球变换问题。通过椭球变换的广义模型,系统地描述了椭球膨胀法、平移法、变形法三种常用的椭球变换方法,并利用广义大地坐标微分公式从理论角度分析了各方法的共同点和区别,提出了量化分析指标,分别从不同角度反映和量化了椭球变换前后对长度和平面坐标影响的情况。     

利用层次分析法匹配面状居民地

针对目前居民地要素匹配中相似性度量权值设置较为随意的问题,提出一种利用层次分析法匹配面状居民地的方法。首先,根据相似性指标确定相似性权值;其次,通过层次分析法使权重的计算变得合理,进而生成综合指标评价模型;最后实现居民地要素匹配。实验证明了该方法的有效性和科学性。     

Consistency of seven different GNSS global ionospheric mapping techniques during one solar cycle

In the context of the International GNSS Service (IGS), several IGS Ionosphere Associated Analysis Centers have developed different techniques to provide global ionospheric maps (GIMs) of vertical total electron content (VTEC) since 1998. In this paper we present a comparison of the performances of all the GIMs created in the frame of IGS. Indeed we compare the classical ones (for the ionospheric analysis centers CODE, ESA/ESOC, JPL and UPC) with the new ones (NRCAN, CAS, WHU). To assess the quality of them in fair and completely independent ways, two assessment methods are used: a direct comparison to altimeter data (VTEC-altimeter) and to the difference of slant total electron content (STEC) observed in independent ground reference stations (dSTEC-GPS). The main conclusion of this study, performed during one solar cycle, is the consistency of the results between so many different GIM techniques and implementations.     

基于激光反射率的点云与图像自动融合

提出一个基于激光反射率的点云图像自动融合算法,数字图像与点云反射率图像特征点匹配,得到数字图像特征点像点坐标和相应物点物方空间坐标对,采用直接线性变换算法(DLT)建立点云数据反投影至二维图像点的投影模型,实现点云图像自动融合,得到目标表面的全面信息,包括物体表面三维坐标和纹理信息。自动地实现点云图像融合,无需人工参与,提高效率和准确率,同时结合实验验证该算法的可行性。     

Rapid initialization of real-time PPP by resolving undifferenced GPS and GLONASS ambiguities simultaneously

Rapid initialization of real-time precise point positioning (PPP) has constantly been a difficult problem. Recent efforts through multi-GNSS and multi-frequency data, though beneficial indeed, have not proved sufficiently effective in reducing the initialization periods to far less than 10 min. Though this goal can be easily reached by introducing ionosphere corrections as accurate as a few centimeters, a dense reference network is required which is impractical for wi de-area applications. Leveraging the latest development of GLONASS PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) technique, we propose a composite strategy, where simultaneous GPS and GLONASS dual-frequency PPP-AR is carried out, and herein, the reliability of partial AR improves dramatically. We used 14 days of data from a German network and divided them into hourly data to test this strategy. We found that the initialization periods were shortened drastically from over 25 min when only GPS data were processed to about 6 min when GPS and GLONASS PPP-AR were accomplished simultaneously. More encouragingly, over 50% of real-time PPP solutions could be initialized successfully within 5 min through our strategy, in contrast to only 4% when only GPS data were used. We expect that our strategy can provide a promising route to overcoming the difficulty of achieving PPP initializations within a few minutes.