含采空区层状岩体微震信号传播规律试验研究

微震信号在层状岩体中传播规律的研究对于实现震源准确定位具有重要的现实意义。在天然岩体中,微震信号在岩层中传播的速度,不仅受其内部因素即岩石自身物理性质的影响,还受外部因素如地质结构面、断层及采空区等条件的影响。通过室内试验的方法对微震信号在不同岩层及采空区处的传播规律进行研究。结果表明：波速随着传播距离的增加而逐渐衰减,且岩层密度越大衰减越慢;穿过的结构面数量越多,微震信号传播速度衰减比例越大;能量的衰减与波速的衰减一致。采空区断面横截面积越大,微震信号通过的用时越长;采空区周围岩石密度、弹性模量等物理性质的数值越大,微震信号通过时衰减越少。边际谱分析结果表明：断层对频率高的微震信号阻碍作用更强。     

CMIP6模式对中国近海气象要素模拟评估与预测

为了研究第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6)中新提出的“情景模式比较计划”(ScenarioMIP)下中国近海气象要素的变化情况,本文选取了其中6个海气耦合模型,对其模拟的风速、气温、降水进行评估与预测。评估结果表明选取的模式对中国近海模拟效果整体都不错,但在菲律宾群岛附近模拟结果相对欠佳。模型平均预估结果表明未来21世纪中叶4个情景下渤黄海风速夏季增加、冬季减弱;至21世纪末,研究海域夏季15°N以北(南)风速主要呈增加(减小)的趋势,冬季25°N以北(南)风速主要呈减小(增加)的趋势。4个未来情景下的中国近海气温都将持续升高,高纬区域增幅大于低纬。可持续发展情景(SSP1-2.6)能有效减缓升温,其他放任温室气体大量排放的情景(如SSP5-8.5),则会加剧升温。未来中国近海降水变化总体上呈增加趋势,渤黄海与东海降水增幅在SSP5-8.5情景下最大,世纪末分别增加约15.87%与5.61%;南海降水增幅在SSP2-4.5情景下最大,世纪末增加约4.84%。     

黄海春季表面海水溶解无机碳的分层研究

根据中国SOLAS计划2006年4月航次出海调查所得数据,系统地研究了春季黄海表面海水溶解无机碳（DIC）的分布规律,同时,与2005年3月、5月两个航次的DIC调查结果进行了对比。结果表明：（1）DIC浓度由近岸向外海逐渐降低;（2）DIC浓度在海水微表层中明显大于次表层和表层,呈现富集现象;（3）由于海水微表层的多层模型特征和海水微表层中Gibbs吸附异常的共同作用,使DIC含量在海水微表层、次表层和表层中变化趋势呈现非线性;（4）在连续站的周日变化研究中发现,DIC浓度在02：00～03：00时间范围内出现最大值,在13：00～15：00时间范围内出现最小值,呈“单峰”分布规律;（5）对比2005年研究结果,发现黄海春季表面海水中的DIC浓度在3,4,5月份依次降低;（6）DIC与温度和盐度均呈较明显的负相关性。     

Assessment of waterlogging risk in Lixiahe region of Jiangsu Province based on AVHRR and MODIS image

Four images of 1991 AVHRR, 2003 and 2007 MODIS were used to extract waterlogging inundated water of three years, and three inundated water maps were overlaid to estimate waterlogging affected frequency. Based on waterlogging affected frequency, waterlogging hazard of pixel scale was assessed. According to the weighed score of area percentage of different waterlogging affected frequency in 13 counties/cities of Lixiahe region, waterlogging hazard rank of every county/city was assessed. Waterlogging affected frequency map and 1 km× 1 km grid landuse map were used to assess waterlogging risk of pixel scale; and then waterlogging risk rank of every county/city was assessed by the similar method by which waterlogging hazard rank of every county/city was assessed. High risk region is located mainly in core zone of Lixiahe hinterland, medium risk region is adjacent to high risk region, and low risk region is located in the most outlying area of risk zone and mainly in south to middle part of Lixiahe region. Xinghua and Gaoyou belong to high risk city, Jiangyan belongs to medium risk city, and the other counties/cities have low or lower waterlogging risk. The method of assessing waterlogging risk in this paper is simple and applicable. This paper can provide guidance for the waterlogging risk analysis in broader area of Huaihe River Basin.     

中国大陆西部地区现今的块体运动

根据中国地壳运动ＧＰＳ监测网１９９２～１９９６年３次复测结果,分析了我国大陆西部地区现今块体运动的基本特征,结果表明：印度板块向北推挤是我国西部块体褶皱运动和变形的根源;由於内部次级断块的边界条件和受力方式不同,块体边界和内部构造形变亦具有明显的差异。块体运动主要特点表现为：（１）喜马拉雅向南弯曲的弧形边界东西两端,印度板块推挤运动方向不同,导致了弧前方的亚板块和构造块体的运动方向呈扇形散开;（２）青藏高原主体在南北向缩短、东西向延伸的同时存在着明显向东的物质侧向滑移;（３）重要块体分界带和褶皱带两侧运动矢量的比较表明,阿尔金断裂为左旋走滑,天山、祁连山均呈压性;（４）由设置在不同块体的ＧＰＳ测站南北向和东西向运动速率及速率的平均值得到的块体运动速率和方向,呈有规则的变化,其变化规律与地质、地球物理结果具有较好的一致性。     

Two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform of simulated spatial images of waves on a slowly varying topography

The wavelet transform (WT) is now recognized as a useful, flexible, and efficient technique to analyze intermittent, non-stationary and inhomogeneous signals as well as images which are obtained from experimental or in situ measurements. In this study, the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (2-D CWT) was introduced to analyze the spatial image of waves. The numerical algorithm of 2-D CWT was developed and testified in simulated wave field of regular and random waves. Some more simulated wave fields of various wave conditions and sea bed slopes were then assumed to verify the analytical accuracy of this new technique. The comparisons of estimations to theoretical values for several wave parameters show that the 2-D CWT is capable of identifying the directional spectra and wave properties in shallow water.     

陕西秦岭西段土地类型结构与综合自然区划

本文在陕西秦岭西段土地类型划分的基础上分析了土地类型的结构特征,进而作出了本区综合自然地理区划.     

A general solution for tide‐induced groundwater fluctuation in an estuarine‐coastal confined and unconfined aquifer system

This paper presents an analytical solution to tide‐induced head fluctuations in a two‐dimensional estuarine‐coastal aquifer system that consists of an unconfined aquifer and a heterogeneous confined aquifer extending under a tidal river with a semipermeable layer between them. This study considers the joint effects of tidal‐river leakage, inland leakage, dimensionless transmissivity between the tidal‐river and inland confined aquifer, and transmissivity anisotropic ratios. The analytical solution for this model is obtained via the separation of variables method. Three existing solutions related to head fluctuation in one‐ or two‐dimensional leaky confined aquifers are considered as special cases in the present solution. This study shows that there is a threshold of tidal‐river confined aquifer length. When the tidal‐river length is greater than the threshold length, the inland head fluctuations remain sensitive to the leakage effect but become insensitive to the tidal‐river width and dimensionless transmissivity. Considering leakage and transmissivity anisotropy, this study also demonstrates that at a location farther from the river–inland boundary, head fluctuations increase with increasing leakage and transmissivity anisotropy; the maximum head fluctuation occurs when leakage and transmissivity anisotropy are both at their maximum values. The combined action of the 3 effects of loading, tidal‐river aquifer leakage, and inland aquifer leakage differs significantly according to various aquifer parameters. The analytical solution in this paper can be applied to demonstrate the behaviours of the head fluctuations of an estuarine‐coastal aquifer system, and the head fluctuations can be clearly described when the tidal and hydrogeological parameters are derived from field measurement data or hypothetical cases.     

中国大陆现今垂直形变特征的初步探讨

利用GPS观测资料进行大范围的垂直形变特征研究是本文研究的重点。通过网络工程基准站和基本站的GPS观测资料，绘制了中国大陆的垂直速率等值线图像，并对中国大陆垂直运动特征进行了定性的分析，结果表明：中国大陆垂直运动在70％以上的区域表现为沉降运动，在青藏高原和除北京外的整个华北块体及燕山块体的垂直运动表现为隆升的趋势。中国大陆西北和东南、西南和东北的整体垂直运动呈一种斜对称状态。对基于GPS观测所得的等值线图与基于水观测所得的等值线图进行了比较，比较结果显示，除了华南块体外，二者在整体趋势上比较一致。     

IGS测站的非线性变化研究

基于坐标模式的广义网平差模型，利用IGS发布的对GPS全球站处理后形成的单天解SINEX文件，通过自编软件计算了IGS测站的时间序列，并发现IGS测站存在非线性变化。利用频谱分析方法得出了IGS测站存在年周期或半年周期的变化，同时利用经验模型建立了IGS测站的测站速度函数。指出了仅利用1个线性量估计IGS跟踪站的速度值会存在偏差，应建立周期性变化模型，或采用分段线性化的方法，每隔一定的时间给出1个对应的速度。