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91.
黄河入海口径流量和输沙量对黄河三角洲生态环境的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
20世纪后期黄河入海口的径流量减少和多次断流。这对流域下游地区的经济发展、尤其是农业产生明显影响。特别应注意的是,与径流量减少的同时,输沙量也明显减少,致使20世纪90年代以来入海口造陆面积锐减,在1996年和1997年甚至造陆停滞、出现海侵。黄河入海口的径流量、输沙量减少可能引发的一系列生态环境问题中,造陆面积的减少和海水的侵入可能关系到黄河三角洲的经济发展前途,近期则危及胜利油田的安全,应引起有关部门的关注。文中还探讨了用地球物理测井方法检测生态环境的变化。 相似文献
92.
Jian Chu Volodymyr Ivanov Maryam Naeimi Viktor Stabnikov Han-Long Liu 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(2):277-285
Bioclogging and biocementation can be used to improve the geotechnical properties of sand. These processes can be performed by adsorption of urease-producing bacterial cells on the sand grain surfaces, which is followed by crystallization of calcite produced from the calcium salt and urea solution due to bacterial hydrolysis of urea. In this paper, the effect of intact cell suspension of Bacillus sp. strain VS1, suspension of the washed bacterial cells, and culture liquid without bacterial cells on microbially induced calcite precipitation in sand was studied. The test results showed that adsorption/retention of urease activity on sand treated with washed cells of Bacillus sp. strain VS1 was 5–8 times higher than that treated with culture liquid. The unconfined compressive strength of sand treated with the suspension of washed cells was 1.7 times higher than that treated with culture liquid. This difference could be due to fast inactivation of urease by protease which was present in the culture liquid. The adsorption of bacterial cells on sand pretreated with calcium, aluminum, or ferric salts was 29–37 % higher as compared with that without pretreatment. The permeability of sand varied with the content of precipitated calcium. For bioclogging of sand, the content of precipitated calcium had to be 1.3 % (w/w) or higher. The shear strength of biotreated sand was also dependent on the content of precipitated calcium. To achieve an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 MPa or higher, the content of precipitated calcium in the treated sand had to be 4.2 % (w/w) or higher. These data can be used as the reference values for geotechnical applications such as bioclogging for reducing the permeability of sand and biocementation for increasing the shear strength of soil. 相似文献
93.
The granite collected from the Yinshan Mountain and kaolinite has been selected for the leaching and adsorption experiment,respectively,aiming to clarify the enrichment processes of Li and Ga during the deposition.Results suggest both Li and Ga could be leached out from granite by using different acid solutions of different p H and kaolinite can adsorb Li and Ga with varying degrees.Lithium and Ga had the highest leaching ratio when p H=1.Special geological events(e.g.volcanic eruptions and wildfires),which could result in very low p H values of water in peatland,may have accelerated the release of Li and Ga from the source rocks.Kaolinite has the highest adsorption fraction was obtained at p H=8.The different characteristics of Li and Ga displayed in the leaching and adsorption experiments probably result from the different occurrences and enrichment processes of Li and Ga in the coals.Lithium was probably enriched before the Li carriers(e.g.kaolinite)had been transported into paleomires because of its high leaching ratio and high adsorption fraction under neutral and alkaline conditions,whereas Ga was more likely concentrated by kaolinite and other carriers after it had been transported into the peat mires. 相似文献
94.
95.
鲁中碳酸岩中磷灰石同位素地球化学研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
鲁中地区分布着100多个碳酸岩体,微量元素含量及稀土配分等均与世界典型碳酸岩相近。而碳酸岩的碳氧及斑晶磷灰石的锶、钛同位素组成与典型地幔物质有差异,与富集地幔颇为近似,从而证实在山东地区陆壳下存在富集地幔源区。 相似文献
96.
Experimental data are presented in this paper to study the strain-softening behaviour of sand under plane-strain conditions. K 0 consolidated strain path tests were conducted using a new plane-strain apparatus. The stress–strain behaviour of medium dense sand under plane-strain conditions was characterized. The test results show that the occurrence of pre-failure strain softening under plane-strain conditions is affected by the void ratio, the strain increment ratio and the initial effective confining stress. This is consistent with previous findings established under axisymmetric conditions. However, a pre-failure strain-softening behaviour in plane-strain tests conducted under high-confining stresses may consist of three stages, namely, material softening, banding softening, and ultimate state. This observation is different from that in triaxial tests where banding softening does not normally occur. 相似文献
97.
基于高分辨率卫星影像数据,利用遥感、GIS技术获取黑龙江省肇源县内自然资源与生态地质环境各因子分布现状数据,其中:耕地2 541.75 km2、林地161.88 km2、草地349.00 km2、河流128.05 km2、湖泊215.80 km2、沼泽109.17 km2、其他水域84.65 km2、建设用地191.25 km2、未利用地329.94 km2;湿地1 334.54 km2、荒漠化土地775.47 km2。利用地类覆盖率、人均占有量以及景观指数(破碎度指数、平均斑块分形指数、分形维数、多样性指数、均匀度指数)量化分析后,得出两类生态地质环境因子中湿地资源尤其是自然湿地受人类活动干扰程度较大、荒漠化土地受人类活动干扰程度较小的结论。并选取老山村等典型地区进行了多期次遥感动态监测及野外核查,揭示了松嫩低平原典型地区目前存在的湿地退化、土地荒漠化等生态地质环境问题。 相似文献
98.
云南老王寨金矿的深部地质过程——来自显微岩相学和元素地球化学的证据 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过老王寨金矿围岩、蚀变岩石、矿石的显微岩相学和元素地球化学的系统研究发现:伴随硅化、碳酸盐化等蚀变和硫化物矿化,岩(矿)石中发育沿粒间、裂隙或角闪石解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明超显微隐晶,经电子探针、扫描电镜和能谱分析鉴定,该固体物质主要由超显微晶石英、硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫化物以及呈熔离交生关系的金红石、白钨矿和镜铁矿(磁铁矿)组成;熔离交生结构与沉淀共晶结构共存的特有岩相学特征指示成矿流体具备由熔体性质向热液性质转化的特性。结合岩(矿)石稀土微量元素研究,认为这种在透射光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的超显微隐晶固体物质,是具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体引发交代蚀变的直接微观表现之一;在交代蚀变过程中其性质由熔浆向地壳热液过渡,同时与地壳物质发生混染而有利于成矿作用的进行。 相似文献
99.
Amy Gartman Mustafa Y��cel Andrew S. Madison David W. Chu Shufen Ma Christopher P. Janzen Erin L. Becker Roxanne A. Beinart Peter R. Girguis George W. Luther III 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2011,17(4-5):583-601
The sulfide (H2S/HS?) that is emitted from hydrothermal vents begins to oxidize abiotically with oxygen upon contact with ambient bottom water, but the reaction kinetics are slow. Here, using in situ voltammetry, we report detection of the intermediate sulfur oxidation products polysulfides [ $ {\text{S}}_{\text{x}}^{2 - } $ ] and thiosulfate [ $ {\text{S}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}_{ 3}^{ 2- } $ ], along with contextual data on sulfide, oxygen, and temperature. At Lau Basin in 2006, thiosulfate was identified in less than one percent of approximately 10,500 scans and no polysulfides were detected. Only five percent of 11,000 voltammetric scans taken at four vent sites at Lau Basin in May 2009 show either thiosulfate or polysulfides. These in situ data indicate that abiotic sulfide oxidation does not readily occur as H2S contacts oxic bottom waters. Calculated abiotic potential sulfide oxidation rates are <10?3 ??M/min and are consistent with slow oxidation and the observed lack of sulfur oxidation intermediates. It is known that the thermodynamics for the first electron transfer step for sulfide and oxygen during sulfide oxidation in these systems are unfavorable, and that the kinetics for two electron transfers are not rapid. Here, we suggest that different metal catalyzed and/or biotic reaction pathways can readily produce sulfur oxidation intermediates. Via shipboard high-pressure incubation experiments, we show that snails with chemosynthetic endosymbionts do release polysulfides and may be responsible for our field observations of polysulfides. 相似文献
100.
Xing Chen Wangsheng Chu Dongliang Chen Zhonghua Wu A. Marcelli Ziyu Wu 《Chemical Geology》2009,268(1-2):74-80
The local and geometrical structure around gold (III) e.g., Au3+ ions in aqueous solution with different OH−/Cl− molar ratios, has been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of [AuCln(OH)4−n]− solutions have been calculated and the multiple-scattering spectral features have been attributed to Cl d-states, axial water molecules and the replacement of Cl− ligands by OH− ligands. A square–planar geometry for [AuCln(OH)4−n]− with two axial water molecules has been identified. Moreover, a spectral correlation between XANES features and the type of planar atoms has been identified. By extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra (EXAFS), the planar Au bond distances in the solutions have also been determined, e.g., 2.28 Å for Au–Cl and 1.98 Å for Au–O, respectively. The same EXAFS analysis provides evidence that the peak at about 4.0 Å in solutions with the lowest OH−/Cl− molar ratio arises from collinear Cl–Au–Cl multiple-scattering contributions. For the first time, a complete detailed reconstruction of the hydration structure of an Au ion at different pH values has been achieved. 相似文献