广西弧形构造探讨

广西构造实为一弧形构造,它由四个并排的北东—北西向的轭状弧带所组成。每个弧带的前部,为坚硬的岩块所组成,所产生的断裂及岩浆活动对寻找与火成岩有关的矿产有一定意义。每个弧带的后部,产生盆地型沉积,有利于沉积矿产的形成。     

三峡地区水资源评价

在大量水文资料统计分析的基础上，对三峡地区主要水文要素的时空分布及变化特征、分区水资源的评价和开发利用条件进行了系统分析，可为三峡工程建设提供该地区社会经济发展的科学依据和基本的水文水资源数据。     

On the couplings between chebyshev coefficients as derived from the monthly mean geopotential fields at 500 hPa over East Asia and the Southern Oscillation

The first six Chebyshev polynomial coefficients (i.e., A00, A01, A10, A11, A02, A20) were derived from monthly mean geopotential height over East Asia for the period 1951－1983. Spectral analysis of these coefficients reveals rela-tive maxima of power in the frequency bands of 200 months (~ 16.7 years), 25 months (the quasi-biennial oscillation), 5-6 months, and 2-3 months. Cross-spectral characteristics between Chebyshev coefficients and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) were also explored. Coherence spectrum for the zonal and meridional circulation index (A01 and A10) with the SOI was significant near 4 years, the QBO, and 2-3 months. Some physical explanations were offered for the spatial linkages (i.e., teleconnections) between the SO and atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia.     

四川威远气田烃流体包裹体的研究

通过烃流体包裹体的类型、均一化温度、气相及液相成分、盐度以及同位素的研究,可以认为威远气田的天然气主要是由白云岩中有机质形成。由于从80～160℃到200～240℃的热解作用,有机物质已演化到过成热阶段。这一过程可由白云岩中存在液态烃及含沥青烃流体包裹体得到证明。威远气田的特征是:震旦系白云岩中天然气的自产自储,以CH_4为主;油田水为古海水,盐度(4.3～17.2)wt%NaCl,pH>8,(CO+CH_4)/CO_2比值指示还原条件。在基底花岗岩石英中发现有气态烃包裹体,其成分及δ~(13)C‰与花岗岩储气层中产出的天然气一致,为部分天然气可能来自深部地壳或地幔提供了新的证据。因而,威远气田天然气的成因主要由有机物质形成,部分甲烷气可能经基底断裂来自地球深处。     

无载气氢化物发生－石英缝管捕集原子吸收光谱法测定地质试样中的铋

文章介绍石英缝管原子捕集技术在氢化物－火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Ｂｉ中的应用。采用自制的无载气氢化物发生装置，对实验条件进行了最佳化。实验结果表明，原子捕集技术的应用使氢化物－火焰原子吸收法的灵敏度提高２．２倍；方法检出限（３σ）达２．５ｎｇ；２０ｎｇ／ｍｌＢｉ的标准溶液１０次测定的ＲＳＤ为２．９％。方法用于地质标样中微量Ｂｉ的测定，结果与推荐值符合。     

Local isotropy and anisotropy in the sheared and heated atmospheric surface layer

Longitudinal velocity and temperature measurements above a uniform dry lakebed were used to investigate sources of eddy-motion anisotropy within the inertial subrange. Rather than simply test the adequacy of locally isotropic relations, we investigated directly the sources of anisotropy. These sources, in a daytime desert-like climate, include: (1) direct interaction between the large-scale and small-scale eddy motion, and (2) thermal effects on the small-scale eddy motion. In order to explore these two anisotropy sources, we developed statistical measures that are sensitive to such interactions. It was found that the large-scale/small-scale interaction was significant in the inertial subrange up to 3 decades below the production scale, thus reducing the validity of the local isotropy assumption. The anisotropy generated by thermal effects was also significant and comparable in magnitude to the former anisotropy source. However, this thermal anisotropy was opposite in sign and tended to counteract the anisotropy generated by the large-scale/smallscale interaction. The thermal anisotropy was attributed to organized ramp-like patterns in the temperature measurements. The impact of this anisotropy cancellation on the dynamics of inertial subrange eddy motion was also considered. For that purpose, the Kolmogorov-Obukhov structure function equation, as derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for locally isotropic turbulence, was employed. The Kolmogorov-Obukhov structure function equation in conjunction with Obukhov's constant skewness closure hypothesis reproduced the measured second- and third-order structure functions. Obukhov's constant skewness closure scheme, which is also based on the local isotropy assumption, was verified and was found to be in good agreement with the measurements. The accepted 0.4 constant skewness value derived from grid turbulence experiments overestimated our measurements. A suggested 0.26 constant skewness value, which we derived from Kolmogorov's constant, was found to be adequate.     

闽台铲状活动断裂

福建台湾大型铲状活动断裂系在深部(深5—100km)构成一系列向东倾斜、倾角为4°—10°的滑脱面,在近地表利用老断层的重新活动,形成NNE与NW向网格交叉的高角度断层。活动断裂系的地震能量释放主要集中在台湾东部。推断现代构造应力场的最大主压应力方向是NW—SE向,缓倾斜、向西撒开呈扇状特征。断裂系中各断裂的滑动速率不同,东大西小。