京津冀夏季强降水下冰云宏微观特征

根据Aqua MODIS 2级云产品和Cloudsat的2级产品资料,结合降水数据和MODIS L1B级辐射率数据,对发生在京津冀地区夏季的三次强降水过程中冰云的宏微观物理量的特征进行分析,并探究这些物理量和降水强度的关系。结果表明：在水平分布中,强降水过程中降水强度高值区内云相为冰云,冰云云顶高度在8~17 km,冰云粒子有效半径、冰云光学厚度、冰水路径分别最高可达60 μm、 150、 5 000 g?m^-2;冰云光学厚度、冰水路径、冰云云顶高度随降水强度增大而增大。在垂直分布中,冰云主要分布在3.5 km以上,发生强降水站点的冰云为深对流云,冰云粒子有效半径、冰水含量、冰云粒子数浓度分别最高可达150 μm、 3 000 mg?m^-3 、 500 L^-1;冰云粒子有效半径高值区存在于云层中下部,且随高度上升而减小,冰云粒子数浓度高值区存在于云层中上部,且随高度上升而增加,冰水含量高值区则存在于云层中部;冰云粒子有效半径、冰水含量、冰云粒子数浓度在9 km以上随降水强度增大而增大。     

歧口凹陷古近纪东营期古物源体系重建与应用

以沉积盆地分析、层序地层研究和油气勘探实践中急待解决的古物源体系分析为切入点, 以歧口凹陷东营组研究为例, 阐述了古物源体系研究的途径、方法与技术路线; 初步总结出应用轻-重矿物时空配置关系、地震前积反射结构特征、古地貌恢复与沟谷展布特征、盆地内部骨架砂体形态与时空配置以及盆地边缘及内部层序界面上大型下切谷的空间展布特征, 即“五位合一”法来判断沉积盆地的古物源体系.该分析方法可为同领域的研究提供借鉴作用.      

Spatio-temporal trends of heavy metals and source apportionment in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong

This study provided a picture of the spatial and temporal distributions of Cr, Co, Ni Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in bottom sediments of Tolo Harbour. The concentrations of the eight heavy metals differed significantly between sites due to the poor tidal flushing in Tolo Harbour. The levels of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were generally enriched in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour, while sediments from outer Tolo Harbour (Tolo Channel) had higher levels of Cr, Co and Ni. The redox sensitive element arsenic showed no distinct spatial pattern in Tolo Harbour. The decreasing levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments with increasing distance from land demonstrated a typical diffusion pattern from land to the direction of sea. Two hot spots of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in sediments were located near Tai Po and Sha Tin new town, indicating that Cu, Zn, Pb and Zn were from land-derived sources. The sites with relatively high levels of Cr, Co and Ni in sediments were located in areas close to waste spoil in sea floor. The natural and anthropogenic inputs from Sha Tin and Tai Po to Tolo Harbour were mostly responsible for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb enrichment in sediments from inner Tolo Harbour. The waste spoil in sea floor was believed to contribute to the Cr, Co and Ni in outer Tolo Harbour. The results of correlation coefficient between the eight heavy metals showed that Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were strongly positively correlated, and Cr, Co and Ni were also significantly correlated with each other. The best explanation of strong correlation was their similar source. As, however, is not well correlated with the other seven heavy metals. The average concentrations of Cu and Zn displayed general increasing trends from 1978 to 2006 in Tolo Harbour, while the mean levels of Cr and Pb displayed a substantial decrease from 1978 to 1987, then a slight increase after 1987. No distinct temporal trends of the concentrations of Ni and As were observed from 1978 due to the inconsecutive data. On the other hand, the increasing trends of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were observed since 1996.     

省市级基础地理信息框架数据联动更新探究

基于潍坊市寿光基础地理信息数据库建设更新工程与省地理信息公共服务平台框架数据更新工程,探索了省市基础地理信息框架数据联动更新的工作模式,提出了通过建立多比例尺基础框架数据的方式,建立省市基础框架数据库的联系,通过增量更新的模式完成省市两级基础框架数据库联动更新的方法。     

辽西阜新盆地下白垩统沙海组油源再认识

<正>1研究目的(Objective)下白垩统九佛堂组及沙海组烃源岩是辽宁西部阜新盆地最重要的两套烃源岩。一般认为,沙海组烃源岩为一套煤系偏腐殖型烃源岩,以生气为主;九佛堂组为湖相偏腐泥型烃源岩,以生油为主。已有文献报道也表明阜新盆地各层位包括沙海组原油与九佛堂组烃源岩有密切的亲缘关系,而与沙海组烃源岩关系不大。沙海组内部具备自生自储的油气成藏条件,沙海组烃源岩能否作为油源对沙海组储层形成有效供油,是本文研究的目的。     

Calibrating nonparametric cellular automata with a generalized additive model to simulate dynamic urban growth

Understanding factors that drive urban growth is essential to cellular automata (CA) based urban modeling. Multicollinearity among correlated factors may cause negative effects when building CA transition rules, leading to a decrease in simulation accuracy. We use a nonparametric generalized additive model (GAM) to evaluate these relationships through flexible smooth functions to capture the dynamics of urban growth. A GAM-based CA (termed GAM-CA) model was then developed to simulate the rapid urban growth in Shanghai, China from 2000 to 2015. GAM highlights the significance of each candidate factor driving urban growth during the past 15 years. Compared to logistic regression, the GAM-CA transition rules fitted the observed data better and yielded improved overall accuracy and hence more realistic urban growth patterns. The new CA model has great potential for capturing key driving factors to simulate dynamic urban growth, and can predict future scenarios under various spatial constraints and conditions.     

柴达木盆地北缘早古生代碰撞造山系统

柴达木盆地北缘在早古生代形成了一条碰撞造山带，该造山带结构保存较完整，可分辨出深俯冲板片、火山岛弧带、蛇绿杂岩带、岛弧深成岩带等组成单元。其中，俯冲板块主要由中元古代鱼卡河岩群和中新元古代花岗片麻岩构成，在寒武纪末-奥陶纪可能全部或部分俯冲到岩石圈深部，发生了高压-超高压变质作用。火山岛弧主要由中基性火山岩、细碎屑岩等组成，成岩时代为晚寒武世-奥陶纪。蛇绿杂岩带由超镁铁质岩、辉长岩、玄武岩和少量硅质岩组成，形成于弧后扩张脊构造背景，成岩时代为寒武纪-奥陶纪。岛弧深成岩成分变化较大，由闪长岩变化到花岗岩，成岩时代为奥陶纪。而造山带北侧的欧龙布鲁克微陆块则具有双层结构，由德令哈杂岩和达肯大坂岩群构成基底，盖层为全吉群。     

扩底抗拔桩在天津于家堡南北地下车库中的应用

于家堡金融起步区充分利用地下空间实现交通、商业功能的提升,由于地下结构埋置深、地下水埋深浅,地下工程抗浮问题十分突出。在建的南北车库为纯地下结构,单层面积达3×104m2,埋置深度达16 m。开展了扩底抗拔桩与桩侧后注浆抗拔桩两种新型抗拔桩的现场足尺试验,试验结果表明,两种新型抗拔桩皆适用可行,抗拔承载力较常规等截面桩大幅提高,且本扩底抗拔桩试桩的极限承载力与变形控制皆优于桩侧后注浆抗拔桩。本工程选择了扩底抗拔桩并采用可视化全液压扩底施工工艺,新型抗拔桩大幅减短桩长,节约大量材料并减少泥浆排放,经济社会效益显著。扩底抗拔桩的成功应用为其在该地区的推广奠定了基础,具有较高的工程示范价值。     

泌阳凹陷安棚油田核三段储层天然裂缝特征研究

根据岩芯裂缝观察结果,通过与FMI,MAIN成像测井资料进行对比,系统描述天然裂缝在成像测井上的影像特征,对地层裂缝特征参数进行了确定.成果反映出核三段地层中的裂缝主要为垂直裂缝倾角在80°～90°之间.走向在100°～110°左右,宽度一般小于1 mm,裂缝长度主要在30 mm以内.     

松辽盆地反转期的界定

松辽盆地的构造反转对油气生成、运移和聚集保存有明显的控制作用.以往的研究认为,松辽盆地晚期经历了嫩江组沉积末期、明水组沉积末期和古近纪的多期反转.通过对松辽盆地北部进行剖面与平面的构造演化分析,认为嫩江组沉积末期为南北向差异升降活动,未引起地层褶皱变形和构造格局的改变,该期形成了区域伸展不整合面;明水组沉积末期松辽盆地从区域拉张转为挤压,盆地表现为东西向缩短,构造格局发生了性质上的变化,形成了一系列反转构造,该期构造反转奠定了盆地现今的构造格局.构造物理模拟实验进一步证明,松辽盆地不同方向的反转构造带为明水组沉积末期形成的.