淮河流域高温热浪时空演变规律及成因分析

基于淮河流域1960—2014年39个气象站点数据、太平洋气候因子和NECP/NCAR再分析数据基础,利用空间Ward-like层次聚类分析划分4个子区域,通过体感温度的高温热浪指数分析淮河流域不同分区的夏季高温热浪时空演变特征,并通过EOF分析、相关性分析和大气环流遥相关等进一步揭示淮河流域高温热浪演变机理。研究表明：① 1960—2014年淮河流域夏季高温、高温热浪开始时间和持续时间均呈先增后减的趋势,20世纪80年代由暖相位进入冷相位,2010年后由冷相位进入暖相位;② 淮河流域各分区高温热浪开始时间呈现区域差异,分区1的高温热浪事件开始时间最早（平均为5月28日）,分区3次之（平均为6月1日）,分区2和分区4高温热浪开始时间最晚;③ 淮河流域轻度热浪发生频次最多平均为1.24次/a,中度热浪发生频次次之,平均为0.37次/a,重度热浪发生频次最少,平均为0.04次/a;淮河流域高温热浪事件与太平洋东部变暖（厄尔尼诺）或变冷（拉尼娜）变化相同。④ 青藏高原和内蒙古低压减弱导致了热浪高温事件的增加。分区4和分区1发生热浪的时间主要发生6、9月,分区2和分区3热浪发生时间集中在7、8月。分区1（西部）和分区4（东部）与Niño3、Niño1+2、MEI和PDO的相关性较高,分区2和分区3与Niño3.4、PNA相关性较高。     

不同层次构造活动对煤层气成藏的控制作用

在系统总结前人关于构造活动对煤层气成藏影响方面研究成果的基础上，从3个不同的层次剖析了构造活动对煤层气成藏的控制作用：就含煤盆地层次而言，区域构造背景及其演化是控制煤层气聚集区带形成和分布的根本要素；就含煤盆地内部次级构造层次而言，不同的构造样式及构造岩性圈闭是控制煤层气赋存、富集的主导因素；而从储层层次来看，构造通过对储层孔隙——裂隙系统的影响控制了煤层渗透率及其非均质特性。     

江苏省太湖流域总氮、总磷排放标准研究

根据太湖流域（江苏省境内）不同类型污水中总氮、总磷的浓度和当前废水治理技术及接纳水体的环境质量和经济承受能力等方面的系统分析，确定了江苏省太湖流域三给保护区内各类排污单位总氮，总磷允许排放浓度，并分析了本标准与其排放标准之间的关系，最后，对实施本标准后的太湖水质影响进行了估算研究。     

Evidence and implications of massive erosion along the Strait of İstanbul (Bosphorus)

The Strait of İstanbul (SoI) (Bosphorus) is a narrow valley, which has evolved tectonically from a stream, and in which thick sediment deposits have accumulated in the course of its evolution. Detailed seismic and multi-beam bathymetric data have revealed that the upper parts of the deeper channel deposits consist of parallel strata, which have mostly been eroded subsequently to their deposition. The resulting erosion surface is represented by the present channel floor in the strait, the estimated volume of the eroded material being approximately 2×10⁸ m³ . Erosion rate and seafloor morphology indicate that the flow direction was from the south to the north. This inner channel may have been formed by an abrupt flooding of the Black Sea by Mediterranean waters at the beginning of the latest connection between the Marmara and the Black seas. Subsequently, the Mediterranean bottom current of the modern two-way flow system, which was established at about 5–4 ka b.p., has given the latest shape to the strait floor.     

南极普里兹湾沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征

利用中国第29次南极科学考察在南极普里兹湾获取的3个短柱样品,进行了稀土元素测试分析,探讨了普里兹湾海洋沉积物稀土元素特征、分布模式及其控制因素。结果表明,普里兹湾各站沉积物中稀土元素含量各异,但均具有与上陆壳、中山站变质岩相似的页岩标准化配分模式,整体表现为轻稀土富集型,说明其物源一致,具有明显的大陆地壳来源特征。结合沉积物粒度、化学元素、生源指标等分析其分布及富集规律,发现物源是控制研究区稀土元素组成的主要因素,同时生物作用会对稀土元素的含量产生稀释,但"粒度效应"在此并不明显。普里兹湾沉积物短柱稀土元素参数垂向变化,反映了百年尺度内物源输入、沉积环境的变化。各站δCe值普遍具有向下减小的趋势,反映了随深度增加沉积环境的氧化性逐渐减弱的特征。     

南洞庭湖污染物质迁移扩散与混合规律的研究

本文采用二维水质数学模型,研究南洞庭湖污染物质迁移扩散与混合的运动规律。运用无量纲分析方法,解决了洞庭湖污染带的几个计算问题。     

国产双偏振天气雷达差分反射率测量性能分析

双偏振天气雷达对气象目标差分反射率(Z_(DR))的精确测量是我国新一代天气雷达双偏振升级过程中的一个重要环节。本文介绍了采用机外仪表、机内测试信号、太阳、小雨等方法对双偏振天气雷达系统引入的Z_(DR)偏差进行测量的原理,分析了影响Z_(DR)测量精度的关键因素,即发射机、接收机和方位旋转关节引入的Z_(DR)动态偏差。比较了各种标定方法的优点和局限性。以南京大学C波段双偏振雷达为例,给出了采用机外仪表、太阳、小雨方法对雷达系统引入的Z_(DR)偏差的实测结果,并对测量结果进行了比较分析,发现3种方法的测量结果具有较好的一致性;且Z_(DR)测量值随方位角的变化具有一定的规律,因此随着双偏振雷达的长期运转,方位旋转关节的影响不可忽略。本文对未来我国双偏振雷达的业务运行和组网观测具有一定的参考价值。     

High resolution land cover datasets integration and application based on Landsat and Globcover data from 1975 to 2010 in Siberia

Land cover is recognized as one of the fundamental terrestrial datasets required in land system change and other ecosystem related researches across the globe. The regional differentiation and spatial-temporal variation of land cover has significant impact on regional natural environment and socio-economic sustainable development. Under this context, we reconstructed the history land cover data in Siberia to provide a comparable datasets to the land cover datasets in China and abroad. In this paper, the European Space Agency(ESA) Global Land Cover Map(GlobCover), Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM), Multispectral Scanner(MSS) images, Google Earth images and other additional data were used to produce the land cover datasets in 1975 and 2010 in Siberia. Data evaluation show that the total user′s accuracy of land cover data in 2010 was 86.96%, which was higher than ESA GlobCover data in Siberia. The analysis on the land cover changes found that there were no big land cover changes in Siberia from 1975 to 2010 with only a few conversions between different natural forest types. The mainly changes are the conversion from deciduous needleleaf forest to deciduous broadleaf forest, deciduous needleleaf forest to mixed forest, savannas to deciduous needleleaf forest etc., indicating that the dominant driving factor of land cover changes in Siberia was natural element rather than human activities at some extent, which was very different from China. However, our purpose was not just to produce the land cover datasets at two time period or explore the driving factors of land cover changes in Siberia, we also paid attention on the significance and application of the datasets in various fields such as global climate change, geopolitics, cross-border cooperation and so on.