全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10886篇 |
免费 | 2512篇 |
国内免费 | 2305篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 925篇 |
大气科学 | 1333篇 |
地球物理 | 3850篇 |
地质学 | 5385篇 |
海洋学 | 1445篇 |
天文学 | 765篇 |
综合类 | 732篇 |
自然地理 | 1268篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 59篇 |
2023年 | 194篇 |
2022年 | 418篇 |
2021年 | 524篇 |
2020年 | 430篇 |
2019年 | 666篇 |
2018年 | 662篇 |
2017年 | 769篇 |
2016年 | 839篇 |
2015年 | 797篇 |
2014年 | 899篇 |
2013年 | 953篇 |
2012年 | 868篇 |
2011年 | 851篇 |
2010年 | 887篇 |
2009年 | 688篇 |
2008年 | 715篇 |
2007年 | 589篇 |
2006年 | 485篇 |
2005年 | 410篇 |
2004年 | 353篇 |
2003年 | 333篇 |
2002年 | 308篇 |
2001年 | 320篇 |
2000年 | 272篇 |
1999年 | 245篇 |
1998年 | 159篇 |
1997年 | 160篇 |
1996年 | 117篇 |
1995年 | 123篇 |
1994年 | 122篇 |
1993年 | 110篇 |
1992年 | 78篇 |
1991年 | 51篇 |
1990年 | 41篇 |
1989年 | 40篇 |
1988年 | 40篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Natural Hazards - Urbanization increases regional impervious surface area, which generally reduces hydrologic response time and therefore increases flood risk. The objective of this work is to... 相似文献
92.
作为一种具有价值稳定属性的特殊加密货币,稳定代币不仅能够成为链接区块链加密资产和现实世界资产的桥梁,而且有潜力降低金融行业的中介成本、提高资金转移的效率.自摩根大通、Facebook等国际知名企业宣布其稳定代币计划后,稳定代币成为监管机构、企业界和科研机构的研究热点.本文通过对比法币、加密货币与稳定代币,深入分析了稳定代币的特征,然后从区块链基础设施、价值稳定机制、运营机制3个方面详细介绍了稳定代币的系统架构和运行机制.最后结合稳定代币的技术特点,分析了稳定代币系统面临的缺陷和可能的解决方案. 相似文献
93.
Yun Jiang Piers Koefoed Olga Pravdivtseva Heng Chen Chun‐Hui Li Fang Huang Li‐Ping Qin Jia Liu Kun Wang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2021,56(1):61-76
The alkali element K is moderately volatile and fluid mobile; thus, it can be influenced by both primary processes (evaporation and recondensation) in the solar nebula and secondary processes (thermal and aqueous alteration) in the parent body. Since these primary and secondary processes would induce different isotopic fractionations, K isotopes could become a potential tracer to distinguish them. Using recently developed methods with improved precision (0.05‰, 95% confidence interval), we systematically measured the K isotopic compositions and major/trace elemental compositions of chondritic components (18 chondrules, 3 CAIs, 2 matrices, and 5 bulks) in the carbonaceous chondrite fall Allende. Among all the components analyzed in this study, CAIs, which formed initially under high‐temperature conditions in the solar nebula and were dominated by nominally K‐free refractory minerals, have the highest K2O content (average 0.53 wt%) and have K isotope compositions most enriched in heavy isotopes (δ41K: ?0.30 to ?0.25‰). Such an observation is consistent with previous petrologic studies that show CAIs in Allende have undergone alkali enrichment during metasomatism. In contrast, chondrules contain lower K2O content (0.003–0.17 wt%) and generally lighter K isotope compositions (δ41K: ?0.87‰ to ?0.24‰). The matrix and bulks are nearly identical in K2O content and K isotope compositions (0.02–0.05 wt%; δ41K: ?0.62 to ? 0.46‰), which are, as expected, right in the middle of CAIs and chondrules. This strongly indicates that most of the chondritic components of Allende suffered aqueous alteration and their K isotopic compositions are the ramification of Allende parent‐body processing instead of primary nebular signatures. Nevertheless, we propose the small K isotope fractionations observed (< 1‰) among Allende components are likely similar to the overall range of K isotopic fractionation that occurred in nebular environment. Furthermore, the K isotope compositions seen in the components of Allende in this study are consistent with MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of the components in ordinary chondrites, which also show an absence of large (10‰) isotope fractionations. This is not expected as evaporation experiments in nebular conditions suggest there should be large K isotopic fractionations. Nevertheless, possible nebular processes such as chondrules back exchanging with ambient gas when they formed could explain this lack of large K isotopic variation. 相似文献
94.
95.
Zoltn Vci Carl B. Agee Munir Humayun Karen Ziegler Yemane Asmerom Victor Polyak Henner Busemann Daniela Krietsch Matthew Heizler Matthew E. Sanborn Qing‐Zhu Yin 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(3):622-648
Northwest Africa (NWA) 11042 is a heavily shocked achondrite with medium‐grained cumulate textures. Its olivine and pyroxene compositions, oxygen isotopic composition, and chromium isotopic composition are consistent with L chondrites. Sm‐Nd dating of its primary phases shows a crystallization age of 4100 ± 160 Ma. Ar‐Ar dating of its shocked mineral maskelynite reveals an age of 484.0 ± 1.5 Ma. This age coincides roughly with the breakup event of the L chondrite parent body evident in the shock ages of many L chondrites and the terrestrial record of fossil L chondritic chromite. NWA 11042 shows large depletions in siderophile elements (<0.01×CI) suggestive of a complex igneous history involving extraction of a Fe‐Ni‐S liquid on the L chondrite parent body. Due to its relatively young crystallization age, the heat source for such an igneous process is most likely impact. Because its mineralogy, petrology, and O isotopes are similar to the ungrouped achondrite NWA 4284 (this work), the two meteorites are likely paired and derived from the same parent body. 相似文献
96.
降雨量、土壤蓄水量对流动沙地土壤水分深层渗漏的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
土壤水分深层渗漏是陆地近地层水分循环的重要环节。利用土壤水分深层渗漏记录仪对毛乌素沙地典型流动沙丘不同深度土层的土壤渗漏水量连续进行两年定点监测。结果表明:(1)2016年生长季(4月1日至10月31日)降水量为2017年的1.93倍,但50、100、200 cm沙层的渗漏水量分别是2017年同期的4.53、5.53,5.22倍。同时,渗漏水量与降雨量及土壤蓄水量的波峰较一致。(2)强降雨对深层渗漏水量的影响较大,土壤蓄水量的变化也与深层渗漏水量密切相关;降雨量较小时,土壤蓄水量与深层渗漏水量之间的关系更为密切。在连续降雨过程中,越往深处,渗漏的产生通常是多次降雨过程累积的结果,将土壤蓄水量作为中间变量,能更好地分析土壤深层渗漏过程。(3)当天蓄水量与次日渗漏水量的相关系数较高,土层越深,深层渗漏水量与土壤蓄水量的相关系数增加,二者之间的线性拟合的R2也相应增加。 相似文献
97.
98.
Michael J. Steventon Christopher A.‐L. Jackson David M. Hodgson Howard D. Johnson 《Basin Research》2019,31(3):600-620
Strain style, magnitude and distribution within mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) are important for understanding the process evolution of submarine mass flows and for estimating their runout distances. Structural restoration and quantification of strain in gravitationally driven passive margins have been shown to approximately balance between updip extensional and downdip contractional domains; such an exercise has not yet been attempted for MTCs. We here interpret and structurally restore a shallowly buried (c. 1,500 mbsf) and well‐imaged MTC, offshore Uruguay using a high‐resolution (12.5 m vertical and 15 × 12.5 m horizontal resolution) three‐dimensional seismic‐reflection survey. This allows us to characterise and quantify vertical and lateral strain distribution within the deposit. Detailed seismic mapping and attribute analysis shows that the MTC is characterised by a complicated array of kinematic indicators, which vary spatially in style and concentration. Seismic‐attribute extractions reveal several previously undocumented fabrics preserved in the MTC, including internal shearing in the form of sub‐orthogonal shear zones, and fold‐thrust systems within the basal shear zone beneath rafted‐blocks. These features suggest multiple transport directions and phases of flow during emplacement. The MTC is characterised by a broadly tripartite strain distribution, with extensional (e.g. normal faults), translational and contractional (e.g. folds and thrusts) domains, along with a radial frontally emergent zone. We also show how strain is preferentially concentrated around intra‐MTC rafted‐blocks due to their kinematic interactions with the underlying basal shear zone. Overall, and even when volume loss within the frontally emergent zone is included, a strain difference between extension (1.6–1.9 km) and contraction (6.7–7.3 km) is calculated. We attribute this to a combination of distributed, sub‐seismic, ‘cryptic’ strain, likely related to de‐watering, grain‐scale deformation and related changes in bulk sediment volume. This work has implications for assessing MTCs strain distribution and provides a practical approach for evaluating structural interpretations within such deposits. 相似文献
99.
By tracking and monitoring the profile configuration, topography, and hydrodynamic factors of an artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay, Xiamen, China over three consecutive years after its completion, we analyzed the evolution of its profile configuration and plane morphology, and its storm response characteristics. The evolution of the profile configuration of the artificial cobble beach in Tianquan Bay can be divided into four stages. The beach was unstable during the initial stage after the beach nourishment the profile configuration changed obviously, and an upper concave composite cobble beach formed gradually, which was characterized by a steep upper part and a gentle lower part. In the second stage, the cobble beach approached dynamic equilibrium with minor changes in the profile configuration. At the third stage the beach was in a high-energy state under the influence of Typhoon Meranti, and the response of the artificial cobble beach differed significantly from that of the low-tide terrace sandy beach. Within a short time, there was net onshore transport of cobbles in the cross-shore direction. The beach face was eroded, the beach berm was accumulated, and the slope of the beach was steepened considerably. In the alongshore direction, there was notable transport of cobbles on the beach from east to west along the shore, and the total volume of the beach decreased by 4.5×103 m~3, which accounted for 50% of the total amount of beach volume lost within three years. The fourth stage was the restoration stage after the typhoon, characterized by a little gentler profile slope and the increase in width and the decrease in height of beach berm. Because of the action of waves and the wave-driven longshore current caused by the specific terrain and landform conditions along the coast(e.g., coastal headlands, near-shore artificial structures, and reefs), the coastline of the artificial cobble beach gradually evolved from being essentially parallel to the artificial coast upon completion to a slightly curved parabolic shape, and three distinct erosion hotspots were formed on the west side of the cape and the artificial drainpipe, and the reefs. Generally, the adoption of cobbles for beach nourishment on this macro-tidal coast beach with severe erosion has yielded excellent stability and adaptability. 相似文献
100.
Base cation concentrations in forest litter and topsoil have different responses to climate and tree species along elevational gradients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XUE Feng ZHAO Ming-fei WANG Yu-hang KANG Mu-yi XING Kai-xiong WANG Guo-yi SHI Jing-jing CHEN Chen JIANG Yuan 《山地科学学报》2019,(1):30-42
The forest litter is an essential reservoir of nutrients in forests, supplying a large part of absorbable base cations(BC) to topsoil, and facilitating plant growth within litter-soil system. To characterize elevational patterns of base cation concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil, and explore the effects of climate and tree species, we measured microclimate and collected the forest litter and topsoil(0-10 cm) samples across an elevational range of more than 2000 m(1243 ~ 3316 m a.s.l.),and analyzed the concentrations of BC in laboratory. Results showed that: 1) litter Ca concentration displayed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradients, but litter K and Mg showed saddle-shaped patterns. Soil Ca concentration increased with elevation, while soil K and Mg had no significant changes. 2) Ca concentration in the forest litter under aspen(Populus davidiana) was significantly higher than that in all other species, but in topsoil, Ca concentration was higher under coniferous larch and fir(Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii). Litter K and Mg concentrations was higher under coniferous larch and fir, whereas there were nosignificant differences among tree species in the concentrations of K and Mg in topsoil. 3) Climatic factors including mean annual temperature(MAT), growing season precipitation(GSP) and non-growing season precipitation(NGSP) determined BC concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil. Soil C/N and C/P also influenced BC cycling between litter and soil. Observation along elevations within different tree species implies that above-ground tree species can redistribute below-ground cations, and this process is profoundly impacted by climate. Litter and soil Ca, K and Mg with different responses to environmental variables depend on their soluble capacity and mobile ability. 相似文献