2000年寒潮低温对不同结构棚模温室效应的分析

本文通过调查和对比观测发现，强降温和持续低温寡照是2000年冬季邯郸地区温室严重冻害的主要环境因子，而管理措施不当加重了冻害损失的惨重性，在冬季温室生产生活动中必须合理利用气象信息，防范于未然。     

2003年秋季华北地区一次区域性大暴雨分析

通过对2003年10月10～12日发生在华北地区的一场罕见大范围暴雨、区域性大暴雨天气的分析发现,生成于孟加拉湾的季风云团及其向东北方向扩展的西南季风云系与高空急流云系的结合为区域性大暴雨的形成打下了基础;高、低空急流的耦合及中、低空系统的上下叠加为大暴雨的形成创造了良好的动力场;多支低空急流的形成为大暴雨提供了有利的水汽条件。     

小麦玉米田耕作模式的防风蚀效果

通过风洞实验,在5个风速下对6种耕作方式下农田土壤风蚀速率、0~20 cm风沙流结构进行了模拟研究。结果表明:保护性耕作土壤风蚀速率较传统耕作平均降低20%~40%;保护性耕作和传统耕作条件下土壤风蚀速率均随风速的增大呈幂函数递增,但在传统耕作条件下递增较快;风速14 m·s^-1是荒漠绿洲农田土壤风蚀加剧转折点,当风速>14m·s^-1时保护性耕作下风蚀速率较传统耕作明显降低;0~20 cm内,传统耕作和保护性耕作下输沙率与高度分别呈线性和指数关系,保护性耕作下0~4 cm输沙量和输沙量百分比(Q0~4/Q0~20)均低于传统耕作。     

Study of shaking table test of seismic subsidence loess landslides induced by the coupling effect of earthquakes and rainfall

Light rain or moderate rain is the most common meteorological event in the rainy season in the loess area of China, so the probability of landslide hazards induced by the coupling effect of earthquakes and rainfall under the condition of light rain or moderate rain is relatively higher than that under heavy rain. To study the dynamic response characteristics and instability mechanism of loess slopes by the coupling effect of earthquakes and rainfall under the conditions of moderate rain and light rain, a low-angle slope model test of a large-scale shaking table after 10 mm of rainfall was carried out. By gradually increasing the dynamic loading, the evolution of the macroscopic deformation and the instability failure mode of the slope model are observed; the temporal and spatial trends of the amplification effect, acceleration spectrum, pore pressure and soil pressure are analyzed; and the failure mechanism of the slope is determined. The results showed that the amplification effect increased along the slope surface upward, and a strong amplification effect appeared at the front of the top of the slope. Because of the stronger dynamic stress action on the upper part of the slope, the immersed soil in the upper part of the slope experienced seismic subsidence deformation, the saturation in the seismic subsidence soil increased, and the water content temporarily increased locally. With the further increase in the loading intensity, a large number of tension cracks were generated in the seismic subsidence area, and water infiltrated down along the cracks and the wetting range expanded under dynamic action. The range of seismic subsidence and cracks further extended to the deep part of the slope. Under the reciprocating action of the subsequent ground motion, the swing amplitude of the soil mass in the seismic subsidence area, which is divided by a large number of cracks in the upper part of the slope, increased further, resulting in the further reduction in the residual strength of the seismic subsidence soil mass located at the crack tip due to the pull and shear action. Finally, under the combined action of gravity and dynamic force, the upper soil mass in the seismic subsidence area dragged the lower soil mass in the seismic subsidence area downward because the sliding force is greater than the residual strength of the soil mass, which induced a seismic subsidence-type loess landslide. Under the coupling effect of earthquakes and rainfall, the instability mode and mechanism of this landslide are significantly different from those of liquefaction-type landslides.

     

水准网中起算点的选用方法探讨

水准网平差中起算点质量好坏不仅影响平差精度,而且如果采用不好的点位,直接影响成果的使用,带来严重后果。该文以青州市水准网的布设为例,分析讨论了起算点对水准网精度的影响,提出了根据较差中误差大小选用起算点的方法,阐述了该方法的步骤,达到的效果,以及水准网布设方法等。     

Seasonal and interannual variability of carbon cycle in South China Sea: A three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study

The South China Sea (SCS) exhibits strong variations on seasonal to interannual time scale, and the changing Southeast Asian Monsoon has direct impacts on the nutrients and phytoplankton dynamics, as well as the carbon cycle. A Pacific basin-wide physical-biogeochemical model has been developed and used to investigate the physical variations, ecosystem responses, and carbon cycle consequences. The Pacific basin-wide circulation model, based on the Regional Ocean Model Systems (ROMS) with a 50-km spatial resolution, is driven with daily air-sea fluxes derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis between 1990 and 2004. The biogeochemical processes are simulated with the Carbon, Si(OH)₄, Nitrogen Ecosystem (CoSINE) model consisting of multiple nutrients and plankton functional groups and detailed carbon cycle dynamics. The ROMS-CoSINE model is capable of reproducing many observed features and their variability over the same period at the SouthEast Asian Time-series Study (SEATS) station in the SCS. The integrated air-sea CO₂ flux over the entire SCS reveals a strong seasonal cycle, serving as a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere in spring, summer and autumn, but acting as a sink of CO₂ for the atmosphere in winter. The annual mean sea-to-air CO₂ flux averaged over the entire SCS is +0.33 moles CO₂ m⁻²year⁻¹, which indicates that the SCS is a weak source of CO₂ to the atmosphere. Temperature has a stronger influence on the seasonal variation of pCO₂ than biological activity, and is thus the dominant factor controlling the oceanic pCO₂ in the SCS. The water temperature, seasonal upwelling and Kuroshio intrusion determine the pCO₂ differences at coast of Vietnam and the northwestern region of the Luzon Island. The inverse relationship between the interannual variability of Chl-a in summer near the coast of Vietnam and NINO₃ SST (Sea Surface Temperature) index in January implies that the carbon cycle and primary productivity in the SCS is teleconnected to the Pacific-East Asian large-scale climatic variability.     

用HV谱比法推测银川市区沉积层基底分布特征

在缺乏其他资料的情况下,地脉动常常用做确定地震动对地表介质产生影响效应的简便手段。本文以银川市区为研究对象,根据地震勘探资料有目的的选取5条测线在银川市区进行地脉动观测,观测点共141个。用Nakamura提出的HV谱比法解析观测数据,在给定地下构造剪切波速度(VS)的基础上,由H/V比值曲线中的基本频率推测盆地深层地下构造。通过理论计算进一步验证了解析结果。结合前人地震勘探资料推测了银川市区脉动基本频率分布特征,并给出2D和3D银川市基底构造变化情况,对比分析表明,HV谱比法得到的脉动基本频率值可以反映银川盆地基底变化情况。     

危险率函数在地表破裂型地震危险性评估中的应用—以宁夏灵武断裂为例

在对中国北部板内地区的古地震资料拟合、给出时间相依的统计模型基础上,利用近期获取的灵武断裂有关资料和危险率函数,对灵武断裂未来一定时段的发震潜势和当前地震危险性特征进行了分析,认为该断裂已进入发震时段,在未来10－100年内有发生7．0－7．5级左右地震的潜势。     

Activity Features and Slip Rate of the Lingwu Fault in Late Quaternary

The I ingwu fault is in the eastern boundary of the southern section of Yinchuan graben. It hasa close relation to seismicity in the Lingwu-Wuzhong region.Few researches have been done.In this Paper,on the basis of tee data obtained from field investigation,the activity features inLate Quaternary have been discussed.The vertical displacement and its slip rate have been alsoestimated.The fault is 48km in length,being divided into 3 segments according to geologicaland topographical characteristics.The last rupture along its northern and middle segments wasoccurred in late of Late Pleistocene or early Holocene while that along the southern segmentwas occurred in midle Holocene.The vertical slip rate is estimated as 0.23～025mm/a sinceabout 66ka B.P.based on the vertical displacements of terracesⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ and their ages.