The secular acceleration of the Moon determined from lunar laser ranging data

Lunar Laser Ranging data covering the interval from August 1969 to December 1987 were used to determine the seculer acceleration in the mean longitude of the Moon (\.n). In our analysis, the DE200/LE200 planets and lunar ephemerides were adopted for calculating the theoretical distance between the observing station and reflector. The method of stepwise regression was used in the processing of the data and the value of –25.4 ± 0. 1/cy² was obtained by a weighted least squares fit.Our result is in good agreement with that derived by other authors using various methods. The uncertainty (\.n) estimated from LLR data would be decreasing rapidly with increasing the data span. The high precision obtained in this paper is mainly due to the longer span and higher measuring accuracy of data.     

Optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality

Optimizing rural settlements is an important measure to cope with rural decline, and improve the quality of rural life and attractions. This study introduces the “life quality theory”. Based on the mechanisms governing the interactions between rural settlement space and life quality, this study examines how to optimize the spatial organization of rural settlements. Three aspects are evaluated – the integration of rural settlement spatial functions, optimization of spatial structure, and regulation of spatial scale – with the objective of building an optimization mode and framework for the spatial organization of rural settlements with high life quality. Our results suggest the following: (1) The settlement is the spatial carrier of life quality, which is an essential settlement component, and these two aspects influence and improve each other. Therefore, reasonable rural settlement space is an important precondition for higher life quality. (2) The spatial function types of rural settlements can be divided into those that maintain livelihoods, develop industry, and upgrade life quality. Optimizing spatial organization of rural settlements based on life quality requires promoting the maintenance of livelihood, integration of industrial development, and implantation in quality improvement. (3) There are two important components of optimizing the spatial organization of rural settlements. One is promoting the organic concentration of living, agricultural, and industrial spaces, the reasonable distribution of social intercourse, recreational, and services spaces, and the organic balance of living, production, and ecological spaces, so as to reasonably optimize the combination of internal spatial types in settlements. The other is forming a functional structure level of a “comprehensive village–featured village” and building spatial organization settlement modes connected by rural roads by relocating and adjusting the function of villages. These changes would require the destruction of underdeveloped villages, retaining normal villages, enlarging important villages, and constructing new villages. (4) As an ideal mode for optimizing rural settlements space based on life quality, the Rural Road-Oriented Development Model (RROD model) should be built at a rational scale for unit settlement and distance between settlements, leading to a fully functional RROD system with rational structure, auxiliary facility, and well-organized distribution.     

城市群-开发区-产业集群互动研究的理论思考

以相互作用理论为指导,系统解析了城市群-开发区-产业集群互动研究的总体思路、研究内容与研究方法。基于理论分析,提出城市群-开发区-产业集群是相互耦合的复杂网络系统,三者的互动研究应遵循互动影响因素分析、互动方式识别、互动机制揭示、互动强度与协调度测度、互动模式探讨和互动路径设计的分析框架,并采用多学科融贯的综合研究、大数据分析、GIS空间分析、多智能体和元胞自动机建模等方法进行研究。     

有关非刚体地球章动研究的进展

对目前国际上有关非刚体地球章动研究的时展作了简要回顾，重点介绍了包含海洋和大气的非刚体地球章动模型和有关研究工作，并对将来的发展方向作了讨论。     

Modeling of co- and post-seismic surface deformation and gravity changes of M W 6.9 Yushu,Qinghai,earthquake

Based on the elastic dislocation theory, multilayered crustal model, and rupture model obtained by seismic waveform inversion, we calculated the coand post-seismic surface deformation and gravity changes caused by the Yushu M W 6.9 earthquake occurred on April 14, 2010. The observed GPS velocity field and gravity field in Yushu areas are disturbed by the coand post-seismic effects induced by Yushu earthquake, thus the theoretical coand post-seismic deformation and gravity changes will provide important modi...     

中国中部地区农村聚居分异特征及形成机制

采用样点分析、样带分析相结合的方法,从聚居规模与空间形态、聚居设施与居住条件、聚居主体与社会结构等农村聚居核心特征要素出发,探讨我国中部地区农村聚居空间分异特征及形成机制。研究表明:我国中部地区农村聚居具有明显的空间分异特征,呈现平原—丘陵—山区地域梯度、发达—欠发达—落后经济梯度、近郊—远郊—偏远距离梯度规律;农村聚居空间分异是自然地理条件、经济发展与收入水平、城镇化与城乡关系、地域文化环境以及国家政策与制度调控等多种因素综合作用的结果,各因素作用程度、方向、效应不同,并相互制约与影响;自然地理条件属于稳定型因子,重点作用于平原—丘陵—山区地域梯度,产生"持续强化效应";经济发展与收入水平、城镇化与城乡关系属于动态型因子,主要作用于发达—欠发达—落后经济梯度、近郊—远郊—偏远距离梯度,产生"倒U型阶段效应";地域文化环境是影响农村聚居较为深刻和本质的因素,通过影响聚居主体价值体系与行为习惯发生作用,属于半稳定性因子,产生"双向均衡效应"。     

基于生活质量导向的乡村聚落空间优化研究

引入“生活质量理论”,基于乡村聚落空间与生活质量的双向循环互动机理,从乡村聚落空间功能整合、空间结构优化、空间尺度调控等三个方面研究乡村聚落空间优化问题,试图构建有效提高生活质量的乡村聚落空间优化框架与模式。研究认为：① 聚落是生活质量的空间载体,生活质量是聚落的本质内容,乡村聚落与生活质量相互促进、相互影响,构建科学合理的乡村聚落空间是提高农民生活质量的重要前提。② 乡村聚落空间功能类型可以划分为生计维持型功能、产业发展型功能与品质提升型功能,生活质量导向的乡村聚落空间功能优化,重点在于提升生计维持型功能,整合产业发展型功能,植入品质提升型功能。③ 乡村聚落空间结构优化的重点有两个方面,一是要促进居住空间、农业空间、工业空间有机集聚,社会交往空间、休闲空间、服务空间有机疏散,生活空间、生产空间、生态空间有机均衡,以实现聚落内部空间类型比例合理化与组合最优化;二是要通过聚居区位转换与聚落职能调整,移拆部分衰落村落,保留部分一般村落,扩大部分重点村落,新建部分新型村落,形成“综合村—特色村”的功能结构等级,构建以乡村公路为链接的聚落体系空间组织模式。④ RROD模式是基于生活质量导向的乡村聚落空间优化的理想模式,该模式的构建要合理确定聚落单体的规模尺度与聚落之间的距离尺度,引导形成结构合理、设施配套、功能完备、分布有序的RROD和RROD体系。     

遥感图像上韧性剪切带的信息提取及解译标志

以南天山东段铜花山—榆树沟地区为例,通过小波包图像处理分析,结合野外实地验证,认为小波包处理后的遥感图像上,韧性剪切带具有独特的影像特征。剪切带两侧的纹理在形状、粗细、延伸方向和弯曲类型上均表现为明显的不一致。剪切带本身表现为负影像特征及细腻、均匀和密集的定向纹理。大小不同的透镜体被密集纹理组成的强应变带环绕。剪切带穿越早期褶皱时,出现新月形、花朵形、鳄鱼嘴形和辫子形等多种复杂的叠加褶皱形态。根据剪切带两侧的影纹结构可以判断剪切带的运动方向。     

后弧（rear arc）岩浆作用的特征及其意义

后弧岩浆作用（rear arc magmatism）是一个新的术语,国内文献大多认为与弧后（back arc）相当,也译为弧后。实际上rear arc 不同于back arc,前者仍然属于弧的范围,而后者已不属于弧结构。目前,对后弧岩浆作用的研究还十分有限, 原因一是 rear arc 出露较少,二是 rear arc 的鉴别标志不清楚。本文尝试对后弧玄武岩（rear arc basalt, RAB）作一个简单的介绍, 并采用对大量数据进行分析比较的方法与典型的岛弧玄武岩（IAB）和弧后盆地玄武岩（BAB）作一个对比。研究表明,后弧玄武岩主要由中-高 K 钙碱性和钾玄岩系列组成, 与典型的 IAB 和 BAB 相比, RAB 富集 Na₂O、K₂O、P₂O₅ ,贫CaO。后弧岩浆作用的微量元素具有典型的弧岩浆岩的特点,但LILE 及HFSE 比典型的岛弧岩浆的含量更富集,LREE 明显高于岛弧岩浆岩。 与岛弧岩浆相似,后弧岩浆同样具有明显的Nb-Ta 负异常。研究表明,上述3 类玄武岩很难区分开。但是,BAB 和RAB之间还是有一些不同的,如Sc/Nb-Ba/Y、Cu/P₂O₅-Y/Zr、Sc/Nb-Sr/Y 以及F₂O₃ /Zr-Y/Zr 等判别图。本文作者指出,后弧岩浆作用的提出完善了弧结构：一个完整的弧,从海沟向弧的方向,随着板块的俯冲作用,岩浆源区深度增加,地壳混染程度增加,依次出现前弧、弧和后弧岩浆作用, 至弧的后部,洋壳拉张,出现弧后盆地。前弧以玻安岩为代表,弧主要是IAB,后弧为碱性玄武岩,弧后则为MORB（+IAB 的印记）。显然,后弧岩浆作用的提出,对古造山带岛弧结构的恢复、古俯冲方向的确定是有积极意义的。     

Geochemical Characteristics and LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Dating of Amphibolites in the Songshugou Ophiolite in the Eastern Qinling

Geochemical studies on the arnphibolites in the Songshugou ophiolite from Shangnan County, Shaanxi Province demonstrate that the protolith of the amphibolites is tholeiitic. The arnphibolites can be classified into two groups according to their REE patterns and trace element features. Rocks of the first group are depleted in LREE while rocks of the second group are slightly depleted in LREE or flat from LREE to HREE without significant Eu anomaly. The first group of rocks have (La/Yb)N=0.33-0.55, (La/Sm)N= 0.45-0.65, and their La/Nb, Ce/Zr, Zr/Nb, Zr/Y and Ti/Y ratios are averaged at 1.20, 0.12, 31.02, 2.92 and 198, respectively, close to those of typical N-MORB. The second group of rocks have (La/Yb)N=0.63-0.95, (La/ Sm)N = 0.69--0.90, and their average La/Nb, Ce/Zr, Zr/Nb, Zr/Y and Ti/Y ratios are 0.82, 0.83, 1.15, 0.16, 19.00, 2.58 and 225, respectively, which lie between those of typical N-MORB and E-MORB but closer to the former. The two groups of rocks both exhibit flat patterns from Th to Yb in th