Neotectonic evolution of the Tarim Basin Craton from Neogene to quaternary

The Tarim Basin Craton is located in the center of the Tarim Basin. Since the beginning of the Miocene, the tectonic activity has been weaker in the Tarim Basin Craton than in the marginal depression and the peripheral orogenic belts. This study investigates the tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton by calculating the sedimentation rates and constructing balanced cross-sections based on well, seismic and geologic data. The tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton have mainly been revealed by geological processes such as sedimentation and subsidence, structural inversion, changes in the structural feature, migration of the structural highs, and faulting. The Neogene sedimentary strata were mainly deposited in two sedimentation centers, the southern and northern sedimentation centers, and the strata in the Central Uplift Zone are relatively thin. The different depressions in different geological periods experienced wide variations in tectonic activity. Tectonic subsidence was significant and the sedimentation rates were high in the Tarim Basin Craton during the Pliocene Period (phase II). During the Neotectonic period, the stresses in the South-North direction converged in the Central Uplift Zone (the Bachu uplift–Central Tarim uplift), and the tectonic activity in this region was more intense than that in the Northern Depression and the Maigaiti Slope in the southwest. In addition, the scale of the paleo-uplift, including paleo-North Tarim Uplift and paleo-Central Uplift Zone, gradually decreased. The faults and fault systems developed zonationally in Neotectonic formations in different structural units, and always distributed discontinuously in vertical direction in sections.     

浙江省单季稻生长期降水量风险评估

单季稻是浙江省政策性农业保险的主要参保作物,研究单季稻生长期各级降水量的风险分布,可为水稻气象保险指数等险种设计提供技术基础。采用浙江省58个县市1971~2007年单季稻全生育期的降水量资料,基于信息扩散的风险评估模型,研究了浙江省单季稻生长期降水量在各级降水量下的超越概率,应用GIS技术绘制风险图,评估各地单季稻面临的旱涝风险;并研究了各量级降水量风险值与单季稻成灾年平均减产率的关系。结果表明：单季稻生长期降水量严重短缺的风险高值区,主要为沿海岛屿以及浙北的嘉兴地区,其次是金衢盆地;降水量严重过剩风险高值区主要位于浙江东南沿海地区;浙江省单季稻减产与其生长期间缺水的关系不是很大,大部地区可以通过灌溉获得丰收,但减产与单季稻生长期间降水过多相关显著。     

大别造山带北缘中生代地层格架厘定

大别山北麓陆相中生代地层发育 ,由于缺乏可靠生物化石证据 ,地层的划分和对比直到现在仍然存在巨大分歧 ,这制约了造山带研究的深入。根据对发现的火山岩碎屑和 K- Ar同位素年代学数据 (10 3.6— 138.3Ma)研究 ,表明凤凰山组、周公山组和毛坦厂组同属于早白垩世 ,并且可能是同期异相产物 ;覆盖在毛坦厂组之上的黑石渡组亦为早白垩世。根据地层接触关系、同位素年龄数据和岩相对比 ,三尖辅组以中侏罗世为主 ,可能跨早、晚侏罗世 ,与防虎山组和圆筒山组为同期异相。已有的石榴石重矿物分析和孢粉研究支持上述结论。地层接触关系表明白大畈组为早白垩世火山岩。     

On the sediment age estimated by ~(210)Pb dating: probably misleading “prolonging” and multiple-factor-caused “loss”

The radionuclide ~(210) Pb is suitable for century-scale dating and has been used to calculate the sedimentation rate in a variety of environments. However, two common ways to apply 210 Pb dating techniques may give misleading results. One is "prolonging of age", i.e., using the calculated sedimentation rate to date back to 200 or 300 years.This practice must be treated with caution because the 210 Pb dating techniques do not guarantee direct dating for ages much older than 100 years. Another is "loss of age", i.e., the calculated time span between the topmost layer and the 210 Pb background layer in cores is less than 100 years when an apparent sedimentation rate is used in the calculation. Here, we propose that based on the principle of 210 Pb dating, the upper limit of age suitable for direct210 Pb dating is between 110 and 155 years. The "prolonging" application is acceptable only if the sedimentary environment in the past several hundred years was stable and the sedimentation rate was generally constant, and verification with independent evidence(such as historical records or biomarker methodology) is needed.Furthermore, after analyzing many published and collected data, we found four possible reasons for the "loss of age". First, the compaction effect of sediment should be corrected in laboratory analysis or else the calculated age will be underestimated. Second, the accuracy and uncertainty of 210 Pb activity measurement affect the judgment of the background. To be cautious, researchers are apt to choose a background activity with a younger age. Third,use of a slightly smaller value of supported 210 Pb activity in a calculation will lead to considerable underestimation of the time span. Finally, later-stage erosion and migration are common for sedimentation, which lead to loss of sedimentary records and are often reflected as a "loss of age" in cores. We believe that proper use of 210 Pb dating data may provide helpful information on our understanding of sediment records and recent environmental changes.     

网络化多普勒天气雷达反射率因子的衰减订正

利用国内第一个网络化雷达试验平台的观测资料,基于网络化雷达反射率因子衰减订正算法,对观测数据进行衰减订正。并与单部雷达自适应约束算法和常州S波段雷达观测资料进行比较分析,结果显示订正方案合理。个例分析表明,经过雨区后单部雷达探测的回波强度较弱甚至探测不到,而网络化雷达可以利用多部雷达的共同观测,弥补单部雷达探测上的不足,体现出网络化雷达衰减订正的优势。     

东北深震与我国大陆地震活动的关系

研究了东北深震与华北、黄海和中国大陆地震活动关系,分析了中国大陆地震期幕活动的特点,认为：中国大陆第五轮回的强震活跃幕还将处这续3－5a的时间,今后几年我国大陆仍然存在发生7级以上大震的危险性,之后华北黄海的6级地震活动也将相应增强。     

近30年北京气候舒适度城郊变化对比分析

利用北京市城郊20个气象观测站1981—2010年30年气象资料,计算了20个站点的逐日舒适度指数,并统计了北京城郊夏季最热舒适度、冬季最冷舒适度的年平均值以及炎热日数、酷热日数、寒冷日数和严寒日数,最终分析给出了北京舒适度的年际和空间变化特征以及城郊舒适度差异。结果表明：20世纪80年代,北京夏季最热舒适度在炎热标准以下,城郊差异不大;90年代至今增热趋势明显,炎热和酷热日数显著增多,特别是平原地区炎热和酷热日数分别增加到40天和8天,且炎热和酷热日数空间分布范围不断扩大,2000年后扩大到除朝阳区东部以外的大部分主城区。相比较郊区而言,城区的热舒适度指数和变热幅度大,山前平原比山区热。且城区的冬季暖于郊区,寒冷和严寒日数也低于郊区,这种差距从80年代中后期逐渐明显,最大差距一年能达到10~20天;90年代后严寒区域范围逐渐缩小,平原地区的寒冷日数较80年代平均减少10天。     

黄县盆地第三纪含煤岩系岩相与沉积环境

本文根据钻孔岩芯资料对含煤岩系的岩相进行了划分,识别出主要九种岩相类型:小型扇——三角洲砂岩相;河道砂岩相;决口扇细砂岩相;河口坝砂岩相;湖沼黑色泥岩-油页岩相;泛滥平原泥岩相;泥流含砾泥岩相;潟湖泥质灰岩相与潮沼炭质泥岩相。对沉积环境的空间变化与演化进行了分析,并对成煤沼泽的环境背景对煤层、煤质的控制作用做了扼要讨论。最后对整个盆地的演化阶段进行了简要论述。     

新疆西南天山霍什布拉克铅锌矿床地质、地球化学及成因

霍什布拉克铅锌矿是西南天山地区的典型矿床。矿床以晚古生代碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩为容矿岩石,矿体呈板状、层状、似层状产于上泥盆统坦盖塔尔组上岩性段灰岩层位中,宏观及微观现象均显示后生成矿特点,围岩蚀变较弱。矿石矿物主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿,少量黄铜矿,脉石矿物以黄铁矿、方解石、白云石、石英为主。黄铁矿Co/Ni比值<1,指示其成因与盆地流体相关,闪锌矿浅色、贫铁〔w(Fe) 0.652%～1.797%〕,反映中低温成矿。矿石中热液方解石、白云石δ13CV-PDB＝-1.9‰～2.6‰,δ18OV-SMOW＝22.41‰～24.67‰,流体包裹体δDV-SMOW＝-102‰ ～ -77‰,平衡流体δ18OH2O V-SMOW＝9.97‰～13.35‰,反映成矿流体主要为盆地中的封存水,而其中的碳主要来源于围岩碳酸盐岩。矿石中硫化物δ34S值多数集中于16‰～24‰,指示硫来源于海相硫酸盐的热化学还原。矿石铅同位素206Pb／204Pb、207Pb／204Pb、208Pb／204Pb变化范围分别为17.847～18.173、15.586～15.873、37.997～38.905,与围岩碳酸盐岩地层具有可比性,而明显不同于矿床附近二叠纪侵入岩体,指示围岩提供了成矿物质。铅同位素组成和相关参数指示成矿物质主要来源于上地壳。综合地质、地球化学特征,作者认为霍什布拉克铅锌矿床是造山期逆冲推覆作用使盆地流体大规模活化、运移形成的MVT型矿床。     

基于色调饱和度亮度模型的可见光植被提取

针对遥感影像只具有红（R）、绿（G）、蓝（B）3个可见光波段时无法利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）方法提取植被信息的现状,本文提出了一种基于色调饱和度亮度（HSL）模型的可见光植被提取方法。利用自主研发的系统,将影像从RGB彩色空间变换至HSL彩色空间,构建归一化色调亮度植被指数（NHLVI）,通过分析植被与非植被信息在HSL彩色空间中的特征,以及NHLVI、H、S、L、R、G、B各分量的特征,确定协同NHLVI、S分量提取植被信息,利用B分量特征剔除结果中的非植被信息,从而实现植被信息提取,并提高提取精度。研究表明,该方法在现有NHLVI指数方法基础上,加入S分量,提升了可见光植被提取的精度及方法的适用性。