华夏地块:一个由古老物质组成的年轻陆块

对华夏地块三个主要前寒武纪地质体出露区变质岩的详细锆石年代学的综合分析显示,华夏地块大致可以被分成武夷山区和南岭-云开区。武夷山区由古元古代核和新元古代（形成于730-820 Ma）的盖层组成,构成华夏地块最老的古陆,在其深部很可能还存在一个新太古代基底。新元古代的沉积物主要来自武夷微古陆本身。南岭与云开具有相似的前寒武纪地壳组成,它们主要是由新元古代形成的沉积物夹少量火山岩组成。这些沉积物质中包含了非常古老的中太古代和新太古代组分,甚至古太古代组成。Grenville期和中元古代组分是其中最丰富的。这些组分在华夏没有对应出露的岩石,说明它们主要来自另外一个曾经与华夏相邻的陆块。该陆块很可能是东印度－东南极大陆。南岭－云开区最初可能是Rodinia超大陆裂解时形成的一个裂谷盆地,加里东的造山运动使盆地中的沉积物挤压、褶皱和隆起,与武夷陆块共同构成了一个新的年轻的大陆     

江苏大丰潮滩悬沙级配特征及其动力响应

根据2002和2003年夏季在江苏大丰潮滩的现场观测资料,详细分析了悬沙级配的时空分布特征、影响因素及其对再悬浮、沉降和流速的响应.研究结果表明,悬沙颗粒较细,以粉砂为主,悬沙级配在潮周期内的变化模式有两种类型:一是稳定型,悬沙级配的时空(垂向和平面)变化很小;二是双峰型,悬沙级配的时空变化显著,粗细峰高度不断变化.再悬浮、沉降、涨潮时输入潮滩的悬沙和底质级配是影响悬沙级配的重要因子.再悬浮使粗颗粒悬沙的含量增加,悬沙与底质级配不断接近,沉降对悬沙级配的影响与再悬浮相反.再悬浮发生时悬沙级配对流速有明显响应.在没有再悬浮和沉降影响的情况下,潮滩不同部位、不同时间的悬沙级配趋于稳定和相同,对这种状态下的悬沙级配可称为背景悬沙级配,大丰潮滩背景悬沙级配的平均粒径为7μm.     

低周反复荷载下两跨两层轻钢框架抗震性能试验研究

本文通过两跨两层轻钢框架试件的低周反复加载试验,研究了轻钢框架结构在地震作用下的滞回性能、耗能机制、耗能能力、刚度退化和破坏形态,结果显示轻钢框架具有很好的抗震性能,节点域耗能能力强。论文结论可为多层轻钢框架的抗震设计提供依据。     

极点对称模态分解下陕西气候变化特征及影响因素

全球变暖背景下,受人类活动和气候系统波动共同影响,气候要素响应具有非线性、非平稳特征,如何识别气候变化多时间尺度信息,是当前研究的热点话题.基于1970—2017年气温和降水逐日数据,辅以滑动平均、趋势分析和极点对称模态分解(ESMD)等方法,对陕西3大地理单元气候时空特征进行分析,进而探讨不同海区厄尔尼诺指数与气温、...     

Terrestrial heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure in the Chagan Depression of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin,north central China

The Chagan Depression in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, located at the intersection of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Tethys Ocean domains is an important region to gain insights on terrestrial heat flow, lithospheric thermal structure and deep geodynamic processes. Here, we compute terrestrial heat flow values in the Chagan Depression using a large set of system steady-state temperature data from four representative wells and rock thermal conductivity. We also estimate the “thermal” lithospheric thickness, mantle heat flow, ratio of mantle heat flow to surface heat flow and Moho temperature to evaluate the regional tectonic framework and deep dynamics. The results show that the heat flow in the Chagan Depression ranges from 66.5 to 69.8 mW/m², with an average value of 68.3 ± 1.2 mW/m². The Chagan Depression is characterized by a thin “thermal” lithosphere, high mantle heat flow, and high Moho temperature, corresponding to the lithospheric thermal structure of “cold mantle and hot crust” type. We correlate the formation of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin to the Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic subduction of the western Pacific Plate and the Cenozoic multiple extrusions. Our results provide new insights into the thermal structure and dynamics of the lithospheric evolution in central China.     

A Thermo–Hydro–Mechanical Model: Capturing the Effects of Initial Permeability and Gas Pressure on Outburst-Prone Indicators

Natural Resources Research - Coal and gas outbursts often result in a large number of casualties and economic losses. Its complex processes involve the multi-field coupling of gas flow, coal...     

Mapping 3D visibility in an urban street environment from mobile LiDAR point clouds

ABSTRACT

Visibility determination is a key requirement in a wide range of national and urban applications, such as national security, landscape management, and urban design. Mobile LiDAR point clouds can depict the urban built environment with a high level of details and accuracy. However, few three-dimensional visibility approaches have been developed for the street-level point-cloud data. Accordingly, an approach based on mobile LiDAR point clouds has been developed to map the three-dimensional visibility at the street level. The method consists of five steps: voxelization of point-cloud data, construction of lines-of-sight, construction of sectors of sight, construction of three-dimensional visible space, and calculation of volume index. The proposed approach is able to automatically measure the volume of visible space and openness at any viewpoint along a street. This approach has been applied to three study areas. The results indicated that the proposed approach enables accurate simulation of visible space as well as high-resolution (1 m × 1 m) mapping of the visible volume index. The proposed approach can make a contribution to the improvement of urban planning and design processes that aim at developing more sustainable built environments.     

长江口外海域1998年夏季悬沙浓度特征

１９９８年６－８月长江流域经历了一次特大洪水,在洪水期间,以１０ｍｇＬ＾－１的悬沙浓度为标志,长江悬沙的影响范围可达１２３°Ｅ,在１２２°１５Ｅ附近,悬沙浓度显示出成层现象,底层浓度约为表层浓度的３倍,这一现象主要与物质沉积过程有关。在１２６°Ｅ－１２７°Ｗ之间悬沙浓度最低,代表黑潮水的特征。在调查期间,长江悬沙擅长 用的范围比冬季枯水季节有相当程度的扩大,但向ＮＥ方向扩散的趋势并不是明显。在陆架     

海南岛博鳌港沉积物的沿岸输送

分析了博港沿岸沉积牧粒度参数的沿岸变化，并应用沉积物粒径趋势分析模型（GSTA模型）对沉积物运动趋势进行了分析。GSTA模型结果表明，博鳌港沿岸的泥沙在横向上表现为：万泉河口以北岸段为由海向岸运动，近期处于淤积状态；万泉河口以南岸段即玉带滩大致以NNE走向到NE走向的转折点为界，北部主要是由岸向海运动，是侵蚀岸段，而南部则主要为由海向岸运动，有少量的淤积，博鳌港沿岸泥沙输送在纵向上表现为：万泉河口以北由南向北运动，万泉河口以南，北部是由北向南运动，南部是由南向北运动，其次还运用了经验公式对GSTA结果进行了验证，得到了通过万泉河口南部（玉带滩）3个断面的沿岸漂沙量，其沿岸漂沙方向主要为南北向，以上两种分析方法得出的结果和当地的许多地貌证据基本符合，而GSTA模型在玉带滩北部泥沙纵向输运方向与经验公式计算结果所表现出的一些差异，主要是由于研究时间尺度和所用的资料特征的差异性造成的。