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11.
Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development. 相似文献
12.
PEI Xiandeng KONG Lingwang ZHU Yuanhong HUANG Hao 《地球空间信息科学学报》2005,8(4):306-310
IntroductionIn color reproduction and communication, met-amer exists inherently when the conventionalcondition matching used. Therefore , the colordifference introduced makes the accuracy of colorrepresentation be lowered.In order to eli minatemetamer CIE developed the scheme so-calledspectra matching in Publication 15 .2 and speci-fied that using band-pass filters with 5 nminter-val to sample and then reconstruct the originalcolor signal ,thus the color difference will disap-pear[1].Spectra… 相似文献
13.
Morgane Lejart Jacques Clavier Laurent Chauvaud Christian Hily 《Estuaries and Coasts》2012,35(2):622-632
Respiration and calcification rates of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were measured in a laboratory experiment in the air and underwater, accounting for seasonal variations and individual size,
to estimate the effects of this exotic species on annual carbon budgets in the Bay of Brest, France. Respiration and calcification
rates changed significantly with season and size. Mean underwater respiration rates, deducted from changes in dissolved inorganic
carbon (DIC), were 11.4 μmol DIC g−1 ash-free dry weight (AFDW) h−1 (standard deviation (SD), 4.6) and 32.3 μmol DIC g−1 AFDW h−1 (SD 4.1) for adults (80–110 mm shell length) and juveniles (30–60 mm), respectively. The mean daily contribution of C. gigas underwater respiration (with 14 h per day of immersion on average) to DIC averaged over the Bay of Brest population was 7.0 mmol DIC m−2 day−1 (SD 8.1). Mean aerial CO2 respiration rate, estimated using an infrared gas analyzer, was 0.7 μmol CO2 g−1 AFDW h−1 (SD 0.1) for adults and 1.1 μmol CO2 g−1 AFDW h−1 (SD 0.2) for juveniles, corresponding to a mean daily contribution of 0.4 mmol CO2 m−2 day−1 (SD 0.50) averaged over the Bay of Brest population (with 10 h per day of emersion on average). Mean CaCO3 uptake rates for adults and juveniles were 4.5 μmol CaCO3 g−1 AFDW h−1 (SD 1.7) and 46.9 μmol CaCO3 g−1 AFDW h−1 (SD 29.2), respectively. The mean daily contribution of net calcification in the Bay of Brest C. gigas population to CO2 fluxes during immersion was estimated to be 2.5 mmol CO2 m−2 day−1 (SD 2.9). Total carbon release by this C. gigas population was 39 g C m−2 year−1 and reached 334 g C m−2 year−1 for densely colonized areas with relative contributions by underwater respiration, net calcification, and aerial respiration
of 71%, 25%, and 4%, respectively. These observations emphasize the substantial influence of this invasive species on the
carbon cycle, including biogenic carbonate production, in coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
14.
通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素等的研究,探讨红山铁矿床硅质岩的地球化学特征及其沉积环境。红山铁矿床中广泛发育一套与铁矿体呈共生关系的硅质岩。研究表明,与铁矿密切共生的呈层状和透镜状产出的灰色、紫红色硅质岩总体属于低硅类型的硅质岩。在SiO2-Al2O3判别图解中,SiO2与Al2O3负相关,样品数据点均落入热水沉积区域;稀土元素配分模式经北美页岩标准化后呈平缓型,与东太平洋热泉水、红海热卤水具有相似的正Eu异常和配分模式,δEu值均大于1,显示热水沉积的特征;硅质岩中的V、Ni、Cu、Ba等微量元素的含量具有陆缘海盆热水沉积的特征。 相似文献
15.
Graça Cabeçadas M. José Brogueira M. Gelena Cavaco Célia Gonçalves 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(2):201-210
Although the circulation of intermediate water masses in the eastern North Atlantic remains poorly defined, the presence of
fresher intermediate waters, the Sub-Artic (SAIW) and the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), as well the saline intermediate
Mediterranean Water (MW), has been tracked using biogeochemical properties. Here we assess the hydrographic and chemical structures
of intermediate waters along the western Portuguese margin by examining the vertical distributions and property-property plots
of chemical tracers (oxygen and nutrients). AAIW was traced by low oxygen and high nutrients, while SAIW was recognized by
low nutrients. The Mediterranean Water (MW) undercurrent is shown to spread towards the eastern flank of Gorringe bank. Concurrently,
the fresher waters gained salt by direct incorporation of MW, while this water was enriched in nutrients on its way northward
and westward owing, to a great extent, to the entrainment of an AAIW branch. The distributions of nutrients and apparent oxygen
utilization are discussed in terms of regional ocean circulation. Our analysis suggests a circulation pattern of the various
intermediate waters along the western Portuguese margin: MW extends all over the area, but its presence is more pronounced
around cape St. Vincent; SAIW apparently moves southward, reaching the Gorringe bank region, and AAIW flows northward along
the coast and around the bank. 相似文献
16.
Subsidence of organic soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta threatens sustainability of the California (USA) water supply system and agriculture. Land-surface elevation data were collected to assess present-day subsidence rates and evaluate rice as a land use for subsidence mitigation. To depict Delta-wide present-day rates of subsidence, the previously developed SUBCALC model was refined and calibrated using recent data for CO2 emissions and land-surface elevation changes measured at extensometers. Land-surface elevation change data were evaluated relative to indirect estimates of subsidence and accretion using carbon and nitrogen flux data for rice cultivation. Extensometer and leveling data demonstrate seasonal variations in land-surface elevations associated with groundwater-level fluctuations and inelastic subsidence rates of 0.5–0.8 cm yr–1. Calibration of the SUBCALC model indicated accuracy of ±0.10 cm yr–1 where depth to groundwater, soil organic matter content and temperature are known. Regional estimates of subsidence range from <0.3 to >1.8 cm yr–1. The primary uncertainty is the distribution of soil organic matter content which results in spatial averaging in the mapping of subsidence rates. Analysis of leveling and extensometer data in rice fields resulted in an estimated accretion rate of 0.02–0.8 cm yr–1. These values generally agreed with indirect estimates based on carbon fluxes and nitrogen mineralization, thus preliminarily demonstrating that rice will stop or greatly reduce subsidence. Areas below elevations of –2 m are candidate areas for implementation of mitigation measures such as rice because there is active subsidence occurring at rates greater than 0.4 cm yr–1. 相似文献
17.
陕西黄土高原人工林土壤干层及形成原因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 Introduction Abroad, a lot of research on soil water removal, seeping and evaporation has been done (Ole, 1998; Rapp, 2000). A seeping model of soil water was suggested (Yuin, 1998) and it was known that water removal is very slow in the unsaturated zon… 相似文献
18.
Kieran P. Donaghy 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2011,13(1):17-30
In the literatures of regional science, urban economics, and urban development planning, a working assumption is that individuals
respond to incentives and regulations, given their preferences. Models for planning and policy analyses are used to consider
what might occur if the incentives or regulations were different. In these models, however, preferences are usually assumed
to be given and stable, and agents are usually assumed to be homogeneous. This paper focuses on the implications of making
preferences in models of policy implementation endogenously determined and time varying heterogeneous agents. We consider
first the recent literature on intertemporal choice and preference change, which cuts across many disciplines, and more briefly
the literature on norm-regarding behavior. We then elaborate a simple model of transportation demand—from a static to a dynamic
orientation, from fixed and exogenously given preferences of strictly self-regarding agents to endogenously determined and
policy-induced preferences of heterogeneous agents—and illustrate its characteristics with simple numerical examples. 相似文献
19.
Weidong Sun Jin-tuan Wang Li-peng Zhang Chan-chan Zhang He Li Ming-xing Ling Xing Ding Cong-ying Li Hua-ying Liang 《中国地球化学学报》2017,36(1):9-15
Copper is a moderately incompatible chalcophile element. Its behavior is strongly controlled by sulfides. The speciation of sulfur is controlled by oxygen fugacity. Therefore, porphyry Cu deposits are usually oxidized (with oxygen fugacities > ΔFMQ +2) (Mungall 2002; Sun et al. 2015). The problem is that while most of the magmas at convergent margins are highly oxidized, porphyry Cu deposits are very rare, suggesting that high oxygen fugacity alone is not sufficient. Partial melting of mantle peridotite even at very high oxygen fugacities forms arc magmas with initial Cu contents too low to form porphyry Cu deposits directly (Lee et al. 2012; Wilkinson 2013). Here we show that partial melting of subducted young oceanic slabs at high oxygen fugacity (>ΔFMQ +2) may form magmas with initial Cu contents up to >500 ppm, favorable for porphyry mineralization. Pre-enrichment of Cu through sulfide saturation and accumulation is not necessarily beneficial to porphyry Cu mineralization. In contrast, re-melting of porphyritic hydrothermal sulfide associated with iron oxides may have major contributions to porphyry deposits. Thick overriding continental crust reduces the “leakage” of hydrothermal fluids, thereby promoting porphyry mineralization. Nevertheless, it is also more difficult for ore forming fluids to penetrate the thick continental crust to reach the depths of 2–4 km where porphyry deposits form. 相似文献
20.
基于兴趣点(POI)大数据的东北城市空间结构分析 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
以东北三省36个城市为研究区,利用400余万条兴趣点行业分类大数据,采用核密度估计、标准差椭圆、区位熵等方法分析城市空间结构及其行业构成机制。研究发现,东北城市要素显著集聚,城市内部空间结构呈现集中团块型、分散组合型、线型、放射型特征以及多元复合类型;第二产业和房地产业呈现郊区化特征,各行业发展方向与东北大区域的经济轴线一致,多数行业尚未形成专业化功能区;第二产业与房地产业的离心发展对集中团块型城市的塑造作用不强,但对分散组合型城市空间结构的贡献较大。线型城市通常兼具多中心特征,放射型城市各行业仍偏向于向心聚集。 相似文献