考虑双轴水平力耦合效应的RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型试验研究

通过3个施加常轴力的RPC箱型桥墩试件的水平反复荷载试验,考虑水平荷载作用方向对RPC箱型墩抗震性能的影响,分析各试件滞回特性和骨架曲线的特点,对影响RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型的主要因素进行数值回归分析,建立了计入双轴水平力耦合效应的RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型。利用基于平截面假定的纤维模型法编制考虑轴力二阶效应的双轴压弯构件非线性分析程序,并对RPC箱型桥墩试件的骨架曲线和滞回曲线进行数值模拟。通过与试验结果进行分析对比表明:所提出的恢复力模型具有较好的精确性,能够较好地模拟和反映RPC箱型桥墩的抗震性能。     

山东地区地震波一维速度模型研究

根据山东地区及其邻区2007—2011年间45次地震事件中的919条P波到时资料,利用Kissling方法得到了山东地区的一维速度结构,并对该地区的震中和P波一维地壳速度结构进行联合反演,重新定位后的地震走时残差均方根得到了一定程度的降低,在精度和深度方面都有了一定的提高。     

利用P波初动测定地震计水平分向的定向偏差

基于P波质点振动方式和初动方向,设计一种测定地震计水平分向定向偏差的方法。通过旋转两水平分向波形获取P波优势能量方向,将旋转角度与地震方位角进行比较,得到地震计水平分向偏离正北方向的位置。再以地震计垂直向初动和已知震中确定台站初始速度的方向（即向源或离源方向）,依此初始速度方向在地震计坐标系中的位置,与水平分向实际记录初动符号所代表的方向进行确认,即可认定地震计水平分向的极性,进而确定地震计水平分向任一极性偏离的角度。     

Finite element analysis of steep excavation slope failure by CFS theory

The distribution of Coulomb failure stress (CFS) change in the steep excavation slope is calculated by finite element method in this paper, and the failure mechanics under different conditions have been investigated. Comparing the CFSs before and after the slope excavation (stress loading and unloading processes), the dangerous internal zone and the most likely failure external area are attained. Given the shear cracks on the top surface while tensile stress or cracks along the toe of the slope, we analyze the high cutting-angle steep slope in Kaixian county of the Three Gorges Reservoir region. We bring forward that the peak value of CFS after excavation can reach to the order of 0.1 MPa, which is greatly higher than that of before. Our preliminary results are useful for optimizing the reinforcement structure during the steep slope stabilization engineering.     

Soil Seed Banks and Forest Succession Direction Reflect Soil Quality in Ziwuling Mountain,Loess Plateau,China

The paper presents a study by taking the soil seed banks and vegetation successions of the forests in Ziwuling Mountain as indicators to analyze the effects of the ages, and the litter layers and soil depths at growing locations in seven types of forest communities on their seed bank formations and soil quality. The results showed that the seed banks at different growing locations in the communities increased in the order of upper slope, middle slope, and lower slope; the seed storages of the seed banks in the different layers of the communities varied, much more higher in the litter layers than in 0–15 cm, and the seed storages of the seed banks in the seven types of forest communities ranked in the increasing order of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Pinus shenkaneusis forest, Quercus liaotungensis forest, Populus davidiana forest, Betula platyphylla forest, scrub communities, and grassland communities; in the meantime, the seed storage of seed banks peaked in 30–50 years old P. shenkaneusis forest, 30–40 years old P. tabulaeformis forest, 15–30 years old Q. liaotungensis, and P. davidiana and B. platyphylla forests, and 10–15 years old scrub and grassland communities, and the ages of the communities varied with the seed storages of the seed banks in a significantly correlative manner following a fitted exponential equation. In addition, the soil seed banks of the seven types of communities consisted of rich and diverse species with the herbaceous and shrub species greatly outnumbering the arbor species; in general, the coniferous forests were composed of 31 kinds of plants, the deciduous and broadleaf forests consisted of 20–29 plant species, the shrubs contained 27 plant species, and the herbaceous plants numbered 20 plant species; The various species compositions contained only 4–6 arbor species with most being foreign species. In each of the compositions, Bothriochloa ischemum was the grassland plant with the highest occurrence frequency, Sophora viciifolia and Hippophae reamnoides were the shrub plants with the highest occurrence frequencies, and Q. liaotungensis was the arbor plant with the highest occurrence frequency, and they followed by P. shenkaneusis and P. tabulaeformis. These results showed that soil seed banks and forest successions are better indicators for soil quality from natural successions.     

抚松井水温动态特征分析

统计分析了抚松井2007年6月1日至2010年12月30日水温数字化观测资料,结果显示抚松井水温动态类型表现为:长期动态特征为上升漂移型;短期动态特征为短周期型,并结合环境和水文地质情况对水温动态的影响因素进行了初步的分析。     

滨里海盆地东缘石炭系KT-Ⅰ油层组白云岩地球化学特征

哈萨克斯坦滨里海盆地东缘上石炭统KT-Ⅰ油层组主要发育局限海台地-开阔海台地碳酸盐沉积,间夹蒸发岩层。由于区域性白云石化作用,KT-Ⅰ油层组中白云岩广泛分布,为主要油气储集层。研究表明,白云岩中白云石为泥晶、粉晶或细晶,半自形-他形;略富钙,有序度较低(0.336～0.504);δ¹⁸O_PDB值在-1.06‰～+2.45‰之间,比石炭纪海水(δ¹⁸O_PDB值介于-1‰～-2‰之间)偏正;δ¹³C_PDB值在+3.36‰～+5.94‰之间,与石炭纪海水(δ¹³C_PDB值介于+3.1‰～+4.7‰之间)接近;锶同位素值接近石炭纪海水(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值在0.7082～0.7088之间);微量元素Mn含量平均为92.57 μg/g,Fe含量平均为447.52 μg/g,接近被交代的灰岩含量;Na和K含量的平均值分别为198.80 μg/g 和5.89 μg/g,显示交代流体为蒸发海水。上述岩石学和地球化学资料表明,研究区石炭系KT-Ⅰ油层组白云岩具有渗透-回流机理白云岩的特征。     

Prediction of streamwise flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder in the first instability range

The streamwise flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder with symmetric vortex shedding in the first instability range is investigated, and a wake oscillator model for the dynamic response prediction is proposed. An approach is applied to calibrate the empirical parameters in the present model; the numerical and experimental results are compared to validate the proposed model. It can be found that the present prediction model is accurate and sufficiently simple to be easily applied in practice.     

Wave diffraction on arc-shaped floating perforated breakwaters

An analytical method is developed to study the sheltering effects on arc-shaped floating perforated breakwaters. In the process of analysis, the floating breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, vertical, and immovable and located in water with constant depth. The fluid domain is divided into two regions by imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunction in the context of linear theory. By satisfying continuity of pressure and normal velocity across the imaginary fluid interface, a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients for eigenfunction expansions. The accuracy of the present model was verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of arc-shaped floating breakwater. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the non-dimensional wave amplitude around the breakwater and diffracted wave amplitude at typical sections, are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. Results show that the sheltering effects on the arc-shaped floating perforated breakwater are closely related to the incident wavelength, the draft and the porosity of the breakwater.     

Impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River estuary

An improved 3-D ECOM-si model was used to study the impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion into the Changjiang River estuary, especially at the bifurcation of the North Branch (NB) and the South Branch (SB). The study assumes that the river discharge and wind are constant. The model successfully reproduced the saltwater intrusion. During spring tide, there is water and salt spillover (WSO and SSO) from the NB into the SB, and tidally averaged (net) water and salt fluxes are 985 m3/s and 24.8 ton/s, respectively. During neap tide, the WSO disappears and its net water flux is 122 m3/s. Meanwhile, the SSO continues, with net salt flux of 1.01 ton/s, much smaller than during spring tide. Because the tidal range during spring tide is smaller in June than in March, overall saltwater intrusion is weaker in June than in March during that tidal period. However, the WSO and SSO still exist in June. Net water and salt fluxes in that month are 622 m3/s and 15.35 ton/s, respectively, decreasing by 363 m3/s and 9.45 ton/s over those in March. Because tidal range during neap tide is greater in June than in March, saltwater intrusion in June is stronger than in March during that tidal period. The WSO and SSO appear in June, with net water and salt fluxes of 280 m3/s and 8.55 ton/s, respectively, increasing by 402 m3/s and 7.54 ton/s over those in March. Saltwater intrusion in the estuary is controlled by the river discharge, semi-diurnal flood-ebb tide, semi-monthly spring or neap tide, and seasonal tide variation.