A rigorous method of calculating the deflection of light in the gravitational field of the sun

Starting from the equation for the path of a photon in a gravitational field, we give a method of calculating the deflection of starlight in the solar field. The transformation from the non-inertial system at the Sun to the locally inertial system of the observer is considered. Calculation was made under the Schwarzschild metric. Our calculated results for the deflection before making coordinate transformation agree well with the results according to the IAU formulae, but when an accuracy of 0'.'001 is required, then the coordinate transformation must be included.     

Heating of the solar flare plasma by high energy electrons

Heating of the ambient plasma by high energy electrons in solar flares is discussed. It is shown that for large flares the heating is enough to produce a thermal plasma of a temperature up to a few times of 10⁷K rapidly in the initial phase of the flares. Thus thermal bremsstrahlung in addition to non-thermal bremsstrahlung should be considered for the X-ray emission of solar flares in the initial phase.NAS-NRC Resident Research Associate.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In-situ</Emphasis> trace element analyses and Pb-Pb dating of zircons in granulite from Huangtuling,Dabieshan by LAM-ICP-MS

It is revealed by CL images that there are multi-stage growth internal structures of zircons in the Huangtuling granulite, including the inherited zircons, protolith zircons, sector and planar zone zircons and retrograde zircons. In-situ trace element compositions and Pb-Pb ages have been analyzed by LAM-ICP-MS. The sector and the planar zone domains show typical trace element characteristics of granulite zircon (low Th, U, Th/U, total REEs, clear negative Eu anomalies, relatively depleted HREE and small differential degree between MREE and HREE, etc.), indicating that they formed during granulite-facies metamorphism. The protolith zircons have trace element characteristics of crustal zircon (high Th, U, Th/U, total REEs and enriched HREEs, etc.). 12 analyzed spots on granulite-facies domains give a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of (2154±26) Ma (MSWD = 3.8), which is the best estimated age of granulite-facies metamorphism of this sample. The weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 5 analyzed spots on protolith zircon domains is (2714 ± 22) Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which represents the protolith forming time. The discovery of ca. 3.4 Ga inherited zircon indicates that there are Palaeoarchean continental materials in this area. The interpretation of formation conditions and the ages of zircons can be constrained by simultaneous in-situ analysis of trace elements and ages.     

4颗卫星情况的几何优化法修正

在GPS定位与导航中,用户可以通过选择至少4颗可见卫星的观测,得到测站位置和站钟差信息,卫星相对于测站的几何关系直接影响到定位和导航的精度,考虑用4颗卫星进行定位,在当前有一定的现实意义,在KihaLra等人工作的基础上对四面体的性质进行了深入讨论,推导了4颗可见卫星构成四面体体积的计算公式,实例分析证明该计算公式更合理、更精确。     

Application of swat model in the upstream watershed of the Luohe River

1INTRODUCTIONIntheHuanghe(Yellow) Riverbasin, soilerosionisaseriousproblem,whilerunoffandsedimentyieldsim-ulation hasnotbeenextensivelystudiedonthebasisofGIS(GeographicInformationSystem) and dis-tributedhydrologicalmodel.Inthisstudy,theLushiwatershed,whichislocatedattheupstreamoftheLushiHydrologicalStationintheLuoheRiver—thebiggesttributary oftheHuanghe Riveranddown-streamofXiaolangdiDam,isselectedasthestudyarea.ThelevelofsoilerosioninLushiwatershedismoderatein theHuangheRiverbas…     

Characteristics and formation causes of Qingdao Cold Water Mass

In this work,the main characteristics of the Qingdao Cold Water Mass were studied by using“the comparison analysis method”based on 1980 temperature,salinity and dissolved oxygen data on the western South Yellow Sea.The formation cause of the water mass was analyzed based on February of 1959 temperature and salinity data for this area and on some other authors’studies.The results showed that the Qingdao Cold Water Mass has growing and vanishing processes：appears in the last ten days of March;has stable pattern in April;is biggest in its area in May;becomes small in its area in June;vanishes in July.It comes from the northem Shandong Coastal Water and is characterized by low temperature and salinity and high disolved oxygen.The mass is formed under the joint effects of anticyclonic circulation and solar radiation.     

流域地理景观的GIS数据三维可视化

应用以"GIS"为核心的空间信息技术,是开展"数字流域"工程建设自然和最佳的选择。结合"清江流域水文水情与洪水演进仿真系统"的具体研制,分析流域地理数据特点及传统GIS在"数字流域"建设中的优缺点,在应用传统GIS二维方式展示形式管理和预处理先期各类基础流域地理空间数据及其相应属性数据的基础上,为满足仿真系统系列三维可视化要求,建立面向流域空间实体对象的数据模型,定义流域地理空间对象数据结构,将流域地理常规的GIS数据以三维形式展示,在实际的系统开发过程中,取得较好的三维可视化效果,并可满足"数字清江"建设各阶段综合处理、分析、评价、决策以及可视化等方面的需求。     

影响青藏高原植被生理过程与大气C02浓度及气候变化的相互作用

利用一陆面过程模式,初步模拟研究了青藏高原夏季风盛行期植被生理过程与大气CO2浓度及气候变化的相互作用.结果表明,气候以及大气CO2浓度变化对青藏高原地区的植被生理过程有较明显的影响,高温、高湿和高CO2浓度将加强高原植被的光合作用和呼吸作用,有利于植被生长.高原植被也可通过生理过程,产生净C02吸收,降低大气C02含量,起到调整温室效应的作用,从而影响全球气候变化;当气温升高、大气C02增加时,这种作用更加有效.青藏高原地区大气C02浓度加倍,对高原地区气候的直接影响不明显.植被的存在也会影响区域气候变化,并可通过改变高原热源,进而影响高原及其周边地区气候变化.文中还归纳出了植被生理与气候相互作用的简单概念模型.     

中扬子区海相沉积盆地性质研究

分析了中扬子区海相沉积盆地基底和层序充填特性;研制了M判别图解,研究了沉积盆地的性质,认为盆地基底具有三分性,盆地层序充填具有阶段性和分区性,沉积盆地主体具有克拉通盆地的特点和性质。     

内蒙古狼山-色尔腾山的剥蚀面序列 和景观发育的控制因素*

利用与现今地面有关的数字地形资料,确定了内蒙古河套裂谷带北翼狼山-色尔腾山的剥蚀面序列及其分布型式。始新世末期始发的裂谷作用导致该裂谷北翼在渐新世(E₃)、中新世(N₁)、上新世(N₂)和第四纪(Q)发生了4幕区域性地面隆起和剥蚀作用,与裂谷盆地的4幕沉降和沉积作用相关联。区域性地面降起量和剥蚀作用的时间长度、流水侵蚀对局部地势的潜在影响、隆起和侵蚀速度的相对重要性,以及构造、侵蚀和均衡作用的联合效应是该裂谷翼部景观发育的主要控制因素。