浙江景宁鹤溪群斜长角闪岩变质新生锆石特征、离子探针(SHRIMP)U-Pb年龄及地质意义

景宁鹤溪群斜长角闪岩变质新生锆石特征是粒度均匀（约70μm）,晶体结晶和透明度极好,色调一致的淡粉红色,呈金刚光泽．未见裂隙、表面熔蚀、环带和核心构造。离子探针质谱GHRIMPⅡ）的206Pb／238U、207Pb／235U两组年龄在误差范围内基本谐和,206Pb／238U年龄的加权平均值（252±5Ma）为变质新生铁石的结晶年龄。锆石的精确定年（252±5Ma）为丽水—余姚断裂以东地区呈“天窗式”零星出露于中生代火山岩系中的鹤溪群提供了一个变质作用的确切年龄,也为印支运动在丽水—余姚断裂以东地区的存在提供了重要的年代学佐证。     

河北省赤城县赵家沟金矿成矿地质条件及找矿方向初探

该矿床产于尚义-赤城深断裂南侧之水泉沟正长岩外接触带中。区内主要地层为桑于群第二岩段,原岩为一套中基一中酸性火山熔岩,含金量平均为46×10-9。矿体主要受控于东西向断裂带中,该带既为导矿构又是容矿构造。矿体具垂直分带特点。即地表为石英脉型,往深部渐变为蚀变岩型。区内赵家沟正长岩属于印支期水泉沟碱性杂岩体东延部分,含金量平均为22.2×10-9;赵家沟金矿床形成与该岩体密切相关,岩体外接触带是本区找矿的有利地段。     

Holocene monsoon climate documented by oxygen and carbon isotopes from lake sediments and peat bogs in China: a review and synthesis

There has been much recent debate about Holocene climate variation in the monsoon region of China, especially the temporal pattern of variations in precipitation, the time-transgressive nature of the Holocene precipitation maximum, and the extent to which variations in regions influenced by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) have been synchronous. We summarize and compare carbonate oxygen-isotope records (δ¹⁸O_carb) from ten lakes within the present-day ISM region. We discuss their paleoclimate significance considering the present-day moisture source, isotopic composition of precipitation and the hydrological setting. The δ¹⁸O_carb records are controlled mainly by the isotopic composition of lake water, which in turn is a function of regional Precipitation/Evaporation (P/E) balance and the proportion of precipitation that is monsoon-derived. We normalized the δ¹⁸O_carb data and used these records to generate an integrated moisture index. This index, along with oxygen-isotope records from speleothems and carbon-isotope records (δ¹³C_org) from peats within the monsoon region, suggests that Holocene climate was broadly synchronous across the monsoon region and, within the limits of accuracy of the existing age models, provides no strong evidence for previously-proposed anti-phasing of the ISM and the EASM. Stable-isotope records from lake sediments and peat bogs have excellent potential for providing high-quality paleoclimate data for monsoon Asia, and complement high-resolution speleothem sequences, which are only found in certain localities.     

Response of groundwater chemistry to water deliveries in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Northwest China

In this paper, we analysed the monitored data from nine groundwater-monitoring transects in the lower reaches of Tarim River during the five times of stream water deliveries to the river transect where the stream flow ceased. The results showed that the groundwater depth in the lower reaches of Tarim River rose from −9.30 m before the conveyances to −8.17 and −6.50 m after the first and second conveyances, −5.81 and −6.00 m after the third and fourth the conveyance, and −4.73 m after the fifth. The horizontal extent of groundwater recharge was gradually enlarged along both sides of the channel of conveyance, i.e., from 250 m in width after the first conveyance to 1,050 m away from the channel after the fourth delivery. With the rising groundwater level, the concentrations of major anions Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and cations Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, as well as total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater underwent a significant change. The spatial variations in groundwater chemistry indicated that the groundwater chemistry at the transect near Daxihaizi Reservoir changed earlier than that farther from it. In the same transect, the chemical variations were earlier in the monitoring well close to watercourse than that farther away from the stream. In general, the concentration of the major ions and TDS at each monitoring well increased remarkably when the water delivery started, and decreased with the continued water delivery, and then increased once again at the end of the study period. Hence, the whole study period may be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the intermediate stage and the later stage. According to the three stages of groundwater chemistry reaction to water delivery and the relationships between groundwater chemical properties and groundwater depths, we educe that under the situation of water delivery, the optimum groundwater depth in the lower reaches of the Tarim River should be −5 m.     

武夷山高溪和富城花岗岩体地球化学及其与铀成矿的关系

从成矿地质条件分析,武夷火山铀成矿带中的主要铀矿床的共同点是都具有花岗岩基底岩石。选择富城和高溪两花岗岩体进行地球化学研究。这两个岩体均为复式岩基,其主体岩石都形成于印支晚期（高溪：２１４．６Ｍａ;富城：２０３～２２６Ｍａ）。岩体中的长石为微斜长石;黑云母为铁云母和铁叶云母。岩石化学表现为富硅、偏碱和铝过饱和的特征。微量元素Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ含量和Ｓｒ／Ｂａ比值较低,Ｒｂ、Ｎｂ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ的含量和Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ比值高。稀土总量较高,轻稀土富集,轻、重稀土的比值高,并有强烈的铕亏损。高溪和富城两岩体的初始锶同位素组成高（分别为０．７１２３９和０．７１９８）,钕同位素组成低（－６．６２～－１２．８４）,这些表明高溪岩体属改造型花岗岩。两岩体中活性铀的比例高,特别是在蚀变作用中活性铀的比例增加。铅同位素追踪研究表明,在蚀变过程中岩体中的铀发生了大量的丢失。矿石铅同位素和岩体铅同位素都位于造山带的演化线附近,且矿石铅、火山岩铅、花岗岩铅及基底变质岩铅同位素组成呈线性关系,据此认为高溪和富城花岗岩体分别是形成５７０和６７２２矿床主要铀源体之一     

Glacier change and glacier runoff variation in the Tuotuo River basin,the source region of Yangtze River in western China

Glaciers in the Tuotuo River basin, western China, have been monitored in recent decades by applying topographical maps and high-resolution satellite images. Results indicate that most of glaciers in the Tuotuo River basin have retreated in the period from 1968/1971 to 2001/2002, and their shrinkage area is 3.2% of the total area in the late 1960s. To assess the influence of glacier runoff on river runoff, a modified degree–day model including potential clear-sky direct solar radiation has been applied to the glaciated regions of the river basin over the period 1961–2004. It was found that glacier runoff has increased in the last 44 years, especially in the 1990s when a two-thirds increase in river runoff was derived from the increase in glacier runoff caused by loss of ice mass in the entire Tuotuo River basin.     

Group Time Delay in the Reflection of P-Polarized Electromagnetic Plane Waves at a Stratigraphic Interface

The group time delay (GTD) formulae of quasi-total reflection of inhomogeneous P-polarized electromagnetic waves (P-PEW, whose electric field parallels to the plane of incidence), caused by the Goos–Hänchen effect, is derived by the phase shift of the wave. A numerical example where the frequency equals to 1 GHz is given. The curves of calculating results show that there are three discontinuous points at the critical angle of phase shift vector, the critical angle of attenuation vector and 90^○. When the angle of incidence is equal to one of these three angles, the GTD will become infinite, and the electromagnetic wave will propagate along the interface. The GTD will be very large, when the angle of incidence is close to one of these three angles. The results indicate that there is an important relationship between the two critical angles and the conductivity and permittivity of the two strata, and that the GTD has an important relationship with the angle of incidence. These results can be used to determine the lithology of the strata and to delimit the interfaces of strata more effectively. It is suggested that this research may prove useful in electromagnetic logging analysis and, perhaps, in the design of logging instruments.     

董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制的数值模拟

结合都-汶高速公路董家山隧道小净距段的实际情况,应用数值模拟方法,对小净距段在爆破荷载作用下的相互影响问题进行了研究.结果表明在隧道爆破施工中应对迎爆侧进行重点监控,采用合理的开挖和加固方式将有效降低爆破施工对先建隧道的不利影响.研究结论可为类似小净距段隧道的爆破设计、施工及现场监控量测提供参考.     

实验模拟碳酸盐岩储层包裹体对油气充注的响应

设计了一系列不同油水比（3/7,5/5,7/39,/1）的实验,以冰洲石为主矿物合成了烃类包裹体,为探讨碳酸盐岩烃类流体包裹体的形成机制提供了一条有效途径。镜下观察及显微荧光分析发现：样品中合成的包裹体沿裂隙分布,表明微裂隙愈合过程中捕获包裹体,烃类和盐水包裹体既同时出现在同一裂隙中,又有分带出现的情况。样品中合成的烃...     

震前卫星热红外环形应力场特征

本文包括两部分内容:①描述了1996年2月3日云南丽江Ms 7.0级地震,震前几天的卫星热红外图像呈现圆形,它的NNW、NW、SN、及NE向的热旋扭面往S收敛.该地震地表破裂由一系列张扭性裂缝组成,呈左旋左列,水平位错不明显,垂直断距数厘米.垂直力对构造变动的作用较为明显;而丽江地震震源机制解破裂面II的走向NNE6o,倾向W,倾角44o,P 轴方位为NNE3o、仰角75o,近于直立,综合热旋扭面展布、地震地表破裂特征及震源机制解,得出该旋扭椭圆为地幔外侧右旋上涌所造成;②菲律宾萨马岛Ms7.0~7.5强震群及青海共和Ms7.0地震前热应力环椭圆的推进路径.根据这一特征得出交变潮汐力的地球动力学解释.卫星热红外图像震前应力热场的方法是临震预测地震的有效方法,卫星热红外技术辅以震源机制解和地表破裂带力学分析是研究地球动力学有力工具.地球自转速度变化,交变潮汐力和地幔旋扭上涌力是地球动力学的主因.