15 ka以来罗斯海陆架岩心沉积学记录及古海洋学意义

本文对取自罗斯海陆架的JB04岩心沉积物进行AMS14C测年、粒度、有机碳等测试,结合沉积物粒度组分因子分析,研究该岩心的沉积学记录,探讨其古海洋学意义。结果显示:JB04岩心沉积物的底部年龄为15 ka;沉积物粒度组分因子分析提取出3个环境敏感粒级,分别代表正常冰海沉积、低能海洋沉积和高能海洋沉积;综合沉积物岩相及沉积物组成特征,可以将岩心分为4段,从底部到顶部依次为主要受冰盖刮蚀影响的冰盖下沉积、属低能海洋环境的冰架下沉积、属高能海洋环境的冰架前缘沉积和主要受冰山影响的季节性海冰区沉积。该岩心的沉积地质记录及其古海洋学研究对全面认识罗斯海的海洋环境演变具有重要的意义。     

武夷山高溪和富城花岗岩体地球化学及其与铀成矿的关系

从成矿地质条件分析,武夷火山铀成矿带中的主要铀矿床的共同点是都具有花岗岩基底岩石。选择富城和高溪两花岗岩体进行地球化学研究。这两个岩体均为复式岩基,其主体岩石都形成于印支晚期（高溪：２１４．６Ｍａ;富城：２０３～２２６Ｍａ）。岩体中的长石为微斜长石;黑云母为铁云母和铁叶云母。岩石化学表现为富硅、偏碱和铝过饱和的特征。微量元素Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ含量和Ｓｒ／Ｂａ比值较低,Ｒｂ、Ｎｂ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ的含量和Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ比值高。稀土总量较高,轻稀土富集,轻、重稀土的比值高,并有强烈的铕亏损。高溪和富城两岩体的初始锶同位素组成高（分别为０．７１２３９和０．７１９８）,钕同位素组成低（－６．６２～－１２．８４）,这些表明高溪岩体属改造型花岗岩。两岩体中活性铀的比例高,特别是在蚀变作用中活性铀的比例增加。铅同位素追踪研究表明,在蚀变过程中岩体中的铀发生了大量的丢失。矿石铅同位素和岩体铅同位素都位于造山带的演化线附近,且矿石铅、火山岩铅、花岗岩铅及基底变质岩铅同位素组成呈线性关系,据此认为高溪和富城花岗岩体分别是形成５７０和６７２２矿床主要铀源体之一     

Precise and Accurate In Situ Determination of Lead Isotope Ratios in NIST,USGS, MPI‐DING and CGSG Glass Reference Materials using Femtosecond Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS

Lead isotope ratio data were obtained with good precision and accuracy using a 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation (fLA) system connected to a multi‐collector ICP‐MS (MC‐ICP‐MS) and through careful control of analytical procedures. The mass fractionation coefficient induced by 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation was approximately 28% lower than that by 193 nm excimer laser ablation (eLA) with helium carrier gas. The exponential law correction method for Tl normalisation with optimum adjusted Tl ratio was utilised to obtain Pb isotopic data with good precision and accuracy. The Pb isotopic ratios of the glass reference materials NIST SRM 610, 612, 614; USGS BHVO‐2G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, BIR‐1G; and MPI‐DING GOR132‐G, KL2‐G, T1‐G, StHs60/80‐G, ATHO‐G and ML3B‐G were determined using fLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The measured Pb isotopic ratios were in good agreement with the reference or published values within 2s measurement uncertainties. We also present the first high‐precision Pb isotopic data for GSE‐1G, GSC‐1G, GSA‐1G and CGSG‐1, CGSG‐2, CGSG‐4 and CGSG‐5 glass reference materials obtained using the femtosecond laser ablation MC‐ICP‐MS analysis technique.     

辽北西丰地区宝兴岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

宝兴岩体位于华北板块北缘陆缘活动带东段,岩性为花岗闪长岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为235.0±1.3Ma,属于中三叠世。岩石的K_2O/Na_2O平均值为1.07,属高钾钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有活动陆缘钙碱性岩系特征;稀土元素总量平均值为147×10~(-6),稀土元素配分曲线右倾,属具中等负Eu异常的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损型。通过岩石学、岩石地球化学及年代学研究,结合邻区构造演化研究,认为中三叠世研究区在伸展作用下岩石圈进行拆沉,从而形成大规模的岩浆活动。     

Rossby波的下游效应引发我国高影响天气的分析

对近几年和历史上著名的深槽型暴雨及台风暴雨的分析表明,欧亚高空急流中Rossby波能量频散而产生的下游发展效应,对东亚高空槽的形成与发展、登陆台风的路径与长生命史有重要的影响。如果沿急流传播的Rossby波能量使110°E附近形成深厚的低压系统或使原有西风槽发展加深,天气尺度强迫产生强上升运动则非常有利于中国东部出现暴雨过程。而当欧亚中高纬Rossby波活动的下游效应导致在40°N附近东亚地区对流层中、高层形成闭合高压,同时有西太平洋台风或热带风暴登陆中国,受大尺度环流场引导气流的影响,台风往往取西行或西北行路径。如果同时来自海上的季风涌强烈,将延长台风环流系统的生命史,产生大范围致洪暴雨。目前业务上使用的全球数值预报模式对Rossby波列的下游发展效应有一定的中期预报能力,建议在日常业务预报中关注亚洲高空急流中Rossby波能量传播过程中大形势的突变与调整。Hovmller图分析方法,是分析Rossby波列下游发展效应的一个简单、直观和有效的工具,可应用于日常业务预报分析中。     

电子地图的色彩配合实验

在地图的色彩设计中,设计人员不仅要考虑色彩单独使用的效果,而且要考虑地图上各要素的色彩配合,即各种色彩在图面上的整体感受效果。电子地图由于有极大的色彩选择空间,背景色也不局限于白色,因而选色、配色比纸质地图更加复杂。用哪种颜色作为背景色视觉效果较好?图面上各要素的色彩如何配合?针对这两个问题,作者设计了电子地图的一个色彩感受实验——色彩配合实验,利用自编的电子地图视觉感受测试软件(TEVP)进行了实验,文中介绍了该实验的方法和思路。     

青藏高原地面加热场与四川主汛期降水及伏旱关系

分析了高原地面加热场强度距平指数与四川盆地伏旱及主汛期降水的联系。结果表明,高原前期加热强度同四川盆汛期降水和伏旱程度密切相关。把这些关系引入汛期降水预测模型对提高短期气候预测能力有一定积极意义。     

Multi-scale Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Precipitation Heterogeneity in Guangxi

Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.     

Petrogenesis of the Xihuashan Granite in Southern Jiangxi Province,South China: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology,Geochemistry and Nd Isotopes

Mesozoic granitic intrusions are widely distributed in the Nanling region,South China.Yanshanian granites are closely connected with the formation of tungsten deposits.The Xihuashan granite is a typica...     

龙门山小鱼洞断裂在汶川地震中的地表破裂及地质意义

在龙门山中段小鱼洞地区映秀－北川断裂和彭县－灌县断裂发生了同震位移,同时在该地区新出现了一条北西向的同震破裂带——小鱼洞断裂的破裂带,并分割了两条近于平行的北东向逆冲－走滑型的主断裂。汶川特大地震发生后重点对小鱼洞断裂的地表破裂开展了详细的野外地质填图,利用全站仪和GPS对地表破裂进行了精确的测量。初步调查的结果表明,小鱼洞断裂位于映秀－北川断裂与彭县－灌县断裂之间,走向近于北西向,延伸约15km,以脆性破裂为特征,穿过小鱼洞大桥,并切割了多种类型的地貌单元,使道路发生拱曲、破坏和桥梁垮塌或移位。单个破裂长度在几米到300m不等,其南西盘为上升盘,北东盘为下降盘,平均垂直位错为1.0m,平均水平位错为2.3m,垂直与水平位错量之比1 ∶1～1 ∶2,显示为逆冲分量小于或等于左旋走滑分量,并以左旋走滑作用为主。同时,研究表明小鱼洞断裂属于映秀－北川断裂与彭县－灌县断裂之间的捩断层,其主要特征包括： 1)是在汶川地震中由于龙门山逆冲体之间的差异逆冲运动过程中而形成的断裂; 2)其走向近于北西向,垂直于龙门山北东向的主干断裂,而平行于逆冲体的逆冲运动方向; 3)具有高角度断面的断层,以左旋走滑作用为主。