卧龙湖煤矿102工作面顶板采动效应研究

基于卧龙湖煤矿的岩石力学测试资料,运用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,分析了102工作面在回采过程中的应力重分布、覆岩的变形和破坏特征。数值模拟结果表明,随着工作面的向前推进,垂直方向应力和位移成增加的趋势,采空区中间部位岩体位移近于垂直方向。研究结果为工作面布置方法、顶板支护方式的选择和采区设计提供了依据,为顶板事故的预防提供了参考资料。     

长距离曲线顶管技术在电力管道工程中的应用

非开挖技术在市政管道铺设中的应用越来越广泛,从直径50mm通讯光缆-直径3000mm混凝土管道,采用非开挖安装各种管道都变得很普遍。同时,鉴于非开挖技术综合效益优越性、环境友好型施工特点,也逐渐被工程建设方、社会所接受和认可。泥水平衡顶管技术是非开挖最为成熟的技术之一,在城市市政设施建设中也起着举足轻重的作用。采用泥水平衡顶管技术进行城市雨污分流改造已经在国内大量城市取得应用,但是,采用泥水平衡顶管在岩层中铺设直径达2000mm埋深在5m电力管道,在国内为数不多,在福建厦门地区也是尚属首次。通过在工程施工中对设备、施工工艺的摸索和改进,最后采用泥水平衡顶管施工技术成功铺设建设方所要求的电力管道。本工程将为在福建地区采用预管技术铺设大口径长距离、曲线管道提供了指导和借鉴。     

Application of low-pressure gas adsorption to nanopore structure characterisation of organic-rich lower Cambrian shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform,South China

The pores in shales are mainly on a nanometer scale, and the pore-size distribution is vital with regard to the preservation and exploitation of shale gas. This study focuses on the organic-rich lower Cambrian black shale in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China and investigates their TOC, mineralogical composition and nanopore structure. Low-pressure N₂ and CO₂ adsorption experiments were conducted at 77.35 K and 273.15 K, respectively, and the nanopore structures were characterised by the modified Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Dubinin–Radushkevich, t-plot, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The results indicate the following. (1) The lower Cambrian shale has a high TOC content (1.77–7.23 wt%) and a high quartz content (27.7–51.6 vol%). The total specific surface area varies from 12.02 to 28.87 m²/g. Both the total specific surface area and quartz content are positively associated with the TOC content. (2) Shale samples with a higher TOC content have a greater number of micropores, resulting in more complicated nanopore structures. Micropore volumes/surface areas and non-micropore surface areas all increase with increasing TOC content, indicating that TOC is the key factor determining the nanopore structure of the lower Cambrian shale. (3) A combination of N₂ and CO₂ adsorption provides the most suitable detection range (～0.3–60 nm) and is both highly reliable and accurate with regard to nanopore structure characterisation.     

Effects of Microparameters on Macroparameters of Flat-Jointed Bonded-Particle Materials and Suggestions on Trial-and-Error Method

The aims of this paper are to analyze the effects of microparameters on macroparameters of flat-jointed bonded-particle materials of particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D) and improve the efficiency of trial-and-error method in calibration of microparameters. The trial-and-error method is always used to calibrate the microparameters for a PFC2D model, but it is time-consuming and empirical. To improve the efficiency of the trial-and-error method, the effects of microparameters on macroparameters need to be analyzed. By using the trial-and-error method, a desirable set of microparameters for a uniaxial compression PFC2D model (with a flat-joint contact model as the contact model) of limestone were calibrated to match the macroscopic properties obtained from laboratory tests. Based on the calibration set of microparameters, effects of microparameters on macroparameters of the PFC2D model were studied by the orthogonal design method. On this basis, a flowchart of calibrating microparameters via trial-and-error method was proposed. This flowchart was used to calibrate the microparameters of granite. The macroparameters and failure characteristics determined from numerical simulation were very similar to those of laboratory tests, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed flowchart.     

Torrential rainfall-triggered shallow landslide characteristics and susceptibility assessment using ensemble data-driven models in the Dongjiang Reservoir Watershed,China

Natural Hazards - This study investigated the characteristics of rainfall-triggered landslides during the Typhoon Bilis in the Dongjiang Reservoir Watershed, China. The comparative shallow...     

黔西北福来厂铅锌矿床构造成生发展及其控矿作用

福来厂铅锌矿床位于黔西北垭都—蟒硐铅锌成矿带西南部,夹持于天桥与猫猫厂两个铅锌矿床之间,矿床（体）分布严格受构造控制。运用矿田地质力学理论和方法,对福来厂铅锌矿区进行大比例尺构造剖面精测和典型的控矿构造力学性质鉴定以及不同方向断裂、褶皱构造筛分,研究认为自印支晚期—喜马拉雅期以来该区主要经历了三期构造活动,其主压应力方向分别经历了北西向→北东向→近东西向的转变过程,认为矿床的导矿、配矿、容矿构造分别为矿区棋盘格式构造、北东向断裂（倾向北西）与北西西向断裂及其下盘背斜翼部的层间断裂带,此外,矿区存在北西向（倾向北东）破矿构造,明显切割、错移矿体,控制着矿体的空间定位。综合上述,文章在总结了构造控矿规律的基础上,建立了该矿床成矿构造体系,为找矿勘查和矿床成因研究奠定了基础。      

Surface characterization of maize-straw-derived biochars and their sorption performance for MTBE and benzene

Biochars generated at various temperatures might show significant differences in sorption for organic contaminants. In this study, a series of biochars, generated from pyrolyzing maize straws at different temperatures, were systematically characterized. The characterization results showed that with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the surface areas, micropore areas and aromaticity of biochars were enhanced. Batch experiments were conducted to study methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene sorption to biochars. The results indicated that the sorption capacity of benzene to biochars was higher than that of MTBE. The higher pyrolyzed temperature of biochars resulted in a stronger sorption affinity for target compounds, and the dominant sorption mechanisms varied for biochars pyrolyzed at different temperatures. The sorption to biochars pyrolyzed at 700 and 800 °C performed a high adsorption capacity, which indicated that they might be a promising sorbent to remove MTBE and benzene from water. Biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C showed transitional sorption mechanisms from partition to adsorption for MTBE and benzene. Pore-filling was a possible sorption mechanism to biochars pyrolyzed at high temperature.     

太阳活动周与全球大震

为研究太阳活动与全球大震的关系, 引入一个无量纲的"地震能量函数√G", 并分析研究了1681—2011故年间全球M≥7.0大震的能量释放的时间序列.由此发现全球大震在太阳活动周4个阶段的分布和活动度, 随震级的强度而异.提出地壳对太阳风暴加卸载响应模式, 用于解释此现象: 通过考察最近331 a, 得出全球共发生了10个M≥9.0超级巨震的时空分布特征, 特别是太阳活动峰年期间没有发生过超级巨震.该研究结果可为判断全球大震提供参考.      

Spatial distribution of soil erosion and suspended sediment transport rate for Chou-Shui river basin

In this study, a Physiographic Soil Erosion–Deposition Model (PSED) is applied for better management of a watershed. The PSED model can effectively evaluate the key parameters of watershed management: surface runoff discharge, suspended sediment transport rate, quantity of soil erosion, and spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition. A basin usually contains multiple watersheds. These watersheds may have complex topography and heterogeneous physiographic properties. The PSED model, containing a physiographic rainfall-runoff model and a basin scale erosion–deposition model, can simulate the physical mechanism of the entire erosion process based on a detailed calculation of bed-load transportation, surface soil entrainment, and the deposition mechanism. With the assistance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the PSED model can handle and analyze extremely large hydrologic and physiographic datasets and simulate the physical erosion process without the need for simplification. We verified the PSED model using three typhoon events and 40 rainfall events. The application of PSED to Chou-Shui River basin shows that the PSED model can accurately estimate discharge hydrographs, suspended sediment transport rates, and sediment yield. Additionally, we obtained reasonable quantities of soil erosion as well as the spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition. The results show that the PSED model is capable of calculating spatially distributed soil erosion and suspended sediment transport rates for a basin with multiple watersheds even if these watersheds have complex topography and heterogeneous physiographic properties.     

高岭石与碱剂作用后反应液中硅铝元素变化规律研究

本文系统地研究了高岭石与碱剂间的作用对反应后的液相参数进行全面测定，以查清温度，反应时间，碱性驱替剂的种类浓度等因素与液相参数和固相参数的关系。提出高岭石的非一致性溶蚀趋势，并探讨高岭石与碱性驱替剂的作用机理，丰富了化学驱油过程中化学剂与矿物作用方面的基础理论。