铁同位素分析测试技术研究进展

铁是地球上丰度最高的变价元素,在自然界大量分布于各类矿物、岩石、流体和生物体中,并广泛参与成岩作用、成矿作用、热液活动和生命活动过程。铁同位素组成对地球化学、天体化学和生物化学方面提供重要的信息,是同位素地球化学研究领域的热点。铁同位素的精确测量是开展相关研究的重要基础。本文评述了铁同位素测试技术的研究进展,主要包括:①溶液法测试铁同位素样品纯化过程中阴离子树脂的改进;②质谱分析从传统的热电离质谱法发展为多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法;③激光微区原位测试技术的研发等。在此基础上,对测试过程中会导致产生铁同位素分馏的步骤和校正方法进行了总结,并对各种测试方法的优缺点进行了评述。本文认为:溶液法分析流程长且复杂,但分析精度高(0.03‰,2SD)、方法稳定;微区原位分析方法从纳秒激光剥蚀发展为飞秒激光剥蚀,脉冲持续时间更短、脉冲峰值强度更高(可达10~(12)W),聚焦强度超过10~(20)W/cm~2,使其具有分析速度快、空间分辨率高的优势。微区原位法可以从微观角度去讨论铁同位素变化的地球化学过程,但基体效应的存在限制了微区原位铁同位素的广泛应用。因此,缩短溶液法分析流程,开发系列基体匹配的标准样品,是铁同位素分析方法研发的方向。     

长白山天池火山地质学研究的若干进展与灾害分析

通过以减轻火山灾害为目的的天池火山锥体顶部地区地质填图工作，发现了天池火山锥体附近不同期次火山泥石流，部分火山泥石流显示的高温定位特征指示了其与千年大喷发的成因联系。这些火山泥石流构成了严重的火山泥石流灾害，天池火山锥体近顶部大型滑坡体的发现则指示了天池火山另一种重要的灾害类型。滑坡体堆积物结构上可分为3种类型。天池火山千年大喷发时不同成分与物性的岩浆混合作用十分发育，指示了天池火山喷发前不同岩浆批的混合与共喷发机理。本文还论述了天池火山近代历史记录喷发物的分布与鉴别特征。     

济南西北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋区热异常机理研究

为了探寻济南岩体北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋地热异常区形成机理,利用地质钻探编录、抽水试验、测温、水质分析测试等手段,对碳酸盐岩浅埋地热异常区地质特征、热储物性特征、地温场特征、水化学特征等进行研究,结果表明：碳酸盐岩浅埋区热储层发育在奥陶纪灰岩地层中,热储层岩溶裂隙发育,热储埋深150~1000m,地热异常区盖层地温梯度为7. 2~11. 5℃/100m,水化学类型为SO4- Ca型,TDS为1. 3~1. 5g/L,地热水中含有对人体有益的微量元素,地热水来源为大气降水,地热水中50年以前入渗的“古水”占主导;明确了热源除正常的地温传导之外,济南岩体阻挡迫使水流深循环加热后上涌,断裂沟通深部热源等也是地热异常区形成的重要因素。     

辽宁义县—北票地区义县组地层层序——义县阶标准地层剖面建立和研究之一

义县地区广义的义县组可解体为王家屯组 (暂命名 )和义县组 ;分属王家屯和义县火山旋回 ,前者为偏酸、偏碱性 ,后者主体为中基性、末期为中酸性火山岩系 ,并广泛发育潜火山岩相的玄武玢岩、安山玢岩和火山集块角砾熔岩筒。该区有七个主要沉积层 ,自下而上分别为王家屯组马神庙层、义县组老公沟层、业南沟层、砖城子层、大康堡层、朱家沟层和金刚山层 ;产有较丰富的无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和植物化石。以砖城子层、大康堡层和金刚山层为界 ,义县火山旋回可划分为 4个亚旋回 ,分别代表火山活动的初始期、主期、晚期和末期。北票四合屯地区的义县组相当义县地区义县组的第一和第二亚旋回 ,含鸟类化石的主沉积层 (尖山沟层和上园层 )可与砖城子层对比     

Dynamic Response and Mechanical Behaviours of Geogrid for High Earth-rockfill Dams

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Due to the complexity of the interaction between the geogrid and the soil interface in high earth-rock dams, the method of replacing the grid with steel...     

双向近场地震作用下HDR隔震梁桥地震响应研究

以HDR隔震梁桥多自由度（MDOF）模型和等效双线性单自由度（SDOF）模型为研究对象，以典型近场地震动作为输入，研究HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥地震响应的影响。研究结果表明:不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线呈典型双线性；考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积小于不考虑双向耦合效应的HDR支座滞回曲线面积。不考虑双向耦合效应的顺桥向HDR支座位移峰值d_b大于考虑双向耦合效应时，但横桥向的结果相反。近场地震作用下，对梁桥进行HDR支座隔震设计时，忽略双向耦合效应计算得到的墩底剪力峰值和弯矩峰值均偏于保守。可忽略HDR支座双向耦合效应对HDR隔震梁桥近场地震能量的影响。     

Simulation of summer precipitation diurnal cycles over the Tibetan Plateau at the gray-zone grid spacing for cumulus parameterization

Climate Dynamics - The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is often referred to as the “water tower of Asia” or the “Third Pole”. It remains a challenge for most global and regional models...     

Single-Link Cluster Method to Identify Foreshocks and Aftershocks

Based on Single-Link Cluster (SLC) analysis,a new method to identify the foreshocks andaftershocks of a strong shock from the earthquake catalogue and then to form a sequencecatalogue has been proposed in this paper.In the SLC frame,there are many chains formedby links with lengths shorter than or equal to the characteristic length Lc.It is defined thatwhen some of these chains connect with a strong shock,the seismic events on such chainsfirm a sequence with the strong shock.In this sequence,the strong shock is the main shock;the events preceding the main shock are foreshocks and those following the main shock areaftershocks.By using this method,the foreshocks and aftershocks associated with the M_s7.4Haicheng earthquake and with the strong shocks of M_s≥6.0 in the top area of Kunlun-AltunArc were identified and sequence catalogues for these strong shocks were set up.     

河北赞皇杂岩官都群碎屑沉积岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年及其地质意义

新太古代—古元古代表壳岩系在华北克拉通广泛发育,在赞皇地区也出露有较典型的中低级变质的火山-沉积岩系,即从原赞皇群解体出来的官都群,其形成时代和成因目前仍有争议。官都群的主要岩石组合为变基性火山岩(包括角闪片岩和斜长角闪岩)、大理岩、石英片岩,以及一系列长英质副片麻岩等。对其中的长英质副片麻岩进行碎屑锆石定年研究,并结合前人已报道的碎屑锆石数据可知,碎屑锆石年龄主要峰值约为2.5Ga,部分样品出现2.0～2.2Ga的峰值。变质锆石记录主要有2个范围,分别为2.48Ga左右和1.85～1.9Ga,可能代表了2期不同的构造热事件记录。结合该地区近年来的研究,可以得到如下认识:(1)样品中存在形态完好的长柱状锆石,表明是近源沉积;(2)约2.48Ga的变质记录与核部岩浆锆石的年龄(约2.5Ga)非常接近,可能代表了物源区中酸性岩体侵位后遭受的一次构造热事件,而不代表沉积岩形成后遭受变质的记录,即沉积过程晚于2.48Ga;(3)官都群至少有一部分岩石组合形成于古元古代;(4)官都群可能是不同时代、不同岩性单元拼贴而成,需要进一步解体。     

Deep Structure and Dynamics of Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Ocean of the Northern South China Sea

To study the deep dynamic mechanism leading to the difference in rifting pattern and basin structure from shelf to oceanic basin in passive continental margin,we constructed long geological sections across the shelf,slope and oceanic basin using new seismic data.Integrated gravity-magnetic inversion and interpretation of these sections were made with the advanced dissection method.Results show that the basement composition changes from intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the sheff to intermediate-basic rocks in the slope.The Moho surface shoals gradually from 31 km in the sheff to 22.5 km in the uplift and then 19 km in the slope and finally to 13 km in the oceanic basin.The crust thickness also decreases gradually from 30 km in the northern fault belt to 9 km in the oceanic basin.The crustal stretching factor increases from the shelf toward the oceanic basin,with the strongest extension under the sags and the oceanic basin.The intensity of mantle upwelling controlled the style of basin structures from sheff to oceanic basin.In the Zhu 1 depression on the shelf,the crust is nearly normal,the brittle and cold upper crust mainly controlled the fault development;so the combinative grabens with single symmetric graben are characteristic.In the slope,the crust thinned with a large stretching factor,affected by the mantle upwelling.The ductile deformation controlled the faults,so there developed an asymmetric complex graben in the Baiyun (白云) sag.