A simplified analytical model for run-out prediction of flow slides in municipal solid waste landfills

Flow slides in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are common geoenvironmental issues in the urban environment and can pose a serious threat to the surrounding population and infrastructure. Prediction of the maximum run-out distance of flow slides in MSW landfills is therefore an essential part of hazard and risk assessment in engineering design. Based on the framework for simple analysis originally developed by Hungr (1995), we propose a simplified analytical model for calculating dam breaks in a plastic fluid along a single inclined base. In the proposed model, a quarter-elliptical shape is used to describe the approximate configuration of the flow slide. Following this step, the physical laws relating to the conservation of mass and energy are used to calculate the potential flow. Of additional note is a boundary condition in mathematics relating to this simplified analytical model, which is also reported in this study. Taking the obvious mobility characteristics of the MSW at point of failure into consideration, a three-phase simplified model along double inclined bases has been further developed for run-out prediction of the flow slide in MSW landfill. The proposed three-phase model is then applied to estimate the maximum run-out distance of two typical flow failures of landfills located in Sarajevo and Bandung, which demonstrate the capability of the proposed simplified analytical model for use in hazard assessments of landfills.     

油气田（井）生产动态预测的灰色预测模型

本文针对辽河油田荣３７块天然气藏（井）的生产动态预测中,生产数据的离散状态及不均衡的实际,较完整、系统地介绍了所引入的几个使用效果好,拟合精度高的一般灰色系统ＧＭ（１,１）模型及为解决油气田（井）生产过程中因关井、生产间断、或因工程上的与地质上的原因生产出现随机性急剧变化而引入两个改进的ＧＭ（１,１）模型－非等间距和阶跃模型。通过几种模型特征的分析对比及在辽河油田荣３７块全气藏及气井的动态拟合预测     

南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与13.8Ma以来珠江深水扇

综合利用层序地层学和地球物理方法对珠江口盆地白云凹陷13.8 M a以来沉积古地貌进行了分析。通过对南海珠江深水扇系统分布及其独特的沉积特征和层序充填演化规律的分析,得出在13.8 M a以来层序发育过程中,凹陷位于宽阔陆架向海盆变迁的陆坡区,北部发育两种类型的峡谷水道,向南海盆方向逐渐变得宽缓;盆地的古地貌背景、物源和气候变化为其主控因素的结论。同时,13.8 M a以来南海北部陆坡深水区的沉积具有明显的继承性特点,现今的海底峡谷发育特点基本反映了整体的沉积背景。结果表明,白云凹陷13.8 M a以来的深水沉积受海平面相对变化的影响相对较弱,主要受古地貌背景及其变迁的控制,沉积具有继承性,与现今的沉积面貌非常相似。     

新矿物高台矿—铱的碲化物

高台矿产在纯橄榄岩体内的铬矿体中，在铬矿石及矿体邻近的砂矿中均可找到。常呈细脉状，等粒状聚集体，与硫铱矿、双峰矿紧密共生。矿物粒径０．０５－０．２ｍｍ，不透明，钢灰色，条痕为黑色，金属光泽。ＨＭ＝３。ＶＨＮ２０＝１１７ｋｇ／ｍｍ。无解理和断口。由于颗粒太小比重不能直接测定，计算得出矿物密度为１０．００ｇ／ｃｍ＾３。显微镜下矿物反射色为亮白微带蓝色调。无内反射。均质性。偶见淡黄、淡蓝偏光色。双反射与     

山东开元洞发现典型"北方型"石笋微生长层

石笋中微层的形成一般认为与地表气候环境具有明显的季节变化有关~([1,2]).石笋微层的发育不仅具有明确的年代学意义~([2]),还具有重要的气候环境变化指示意义~([2,3]).     

修正的镜质体反射率剥蚀厚度恢复方法

针对目前用的地层剥蚀厚度恢复镜质体反射率差值法所存在问题,在考察地层沉降、抬升、再沉降埋藏史过程的基础上,根据有机质演化累积性和不可逆性原则,利用经典的有机质成熟度时温关系模型（ＴＴＩ）,建立了修正的镜质体反射率剥蚀厚度恢复方法。该方法不仅考虑了剥蚀界面上下镜质体反射率的相对值,还考虑了各自绝对量,与以往仅考虑镜质体反射率差值相比,有较大改进。     

对济南地区基坑降水引起既有地基沉降的认识

结合工程经验,对基坑降水引起的周边既有建筑地基沉降的影响因素进行了总结,针对采用分层总和法估算降水引起地基沉降公式中,对应附加应力段的压缩系数取值不准问题,提出了采用基于地层应力历史的降水引起周边地基沉降的估算方法,并结合工程实例对降水引起地基沉降进行了预测。     

有色示踪剂模拟槽实验图像分析法

图像分析法是处理有色示踪剂模拟槽实验结果的常用方法之一。本文以食用亮蓝为示踪剂,从污染物的检测精度和污染羽描绘的准确度两个方面将图像分析法与传统取样法进行对比,并利用Matlab编程对模拟槽内的污染物贮存质量进行定量计算。结果表明,与传统取样法结果相比：图像分析法的检测精度可提高1个数量级;污染羽的描绘准确度至少可提高3%左右,在实验所设置的非均质条件下可提高17%左右。利用自行编制的Matlab程序对本实验模拟槽内贮存亮蓝质量进行计算可得,当剖分格数为3 700²（1 369万）时,亮蓝贮存质量的计算值最接近实测值,最小误差仅为0.5%。综合来讲,图像分析法是一种准确度高、空间分辨率高的信息采集和处理手段,可实现对非均质地层中有色示踪剂运移过程更为精细的描述。     

Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Suzhou City,China

Suzhou City, located at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southeastern Jiangsu Province, is one of the few cities in China which suffer from severe ground settlement. A research project was carried out to investigate this problem. Geological and hydrogeological studies show that there is a multi-layered aquifer system with three distinct, soft mud layers of marine and lagoonal origins. An examination of historical records of groundwater extraction, water levels, and ground settlement shows that the ground subsidence is associated with the continuously increasing groundwater extraction in the deep, confined aquifer. It is believed that the consolidation of the soft mud layers, especially the third layer which is thick and close to the main pumped aquifer, contributes to the ground settlement. A three-dimensional finite difference numerical model representing the multi-layered aquifer system was developed to study the ground settlement in response to groundwater extraction. By calibrating the model with both the measured groundwater level and ground settlement, the aquifer parameters were estimated. The model outputs fit reasonably well with the observed results, which indicates that the numerical model can reproduce the dynamic processes of both groundwater flow and soil consolidation. The hydraulic conductivity of the third mud layer near the center of the ground settlement has been reduced by over 30% in the last 14 years. The gradual deterioration in the hydraulic conductivity of the mud may have significant adverse effect on the sustainable groundwater resource of the deep confined aquifer, since the recharge from the shallow aquifers through the mud layer is the only source of water to the deep aquifer. An analysis of the spatial distributions of groundwater drawdown and ground settlement shows that the area with maximum drawdown is not necessarily the area with maximum ground settlement due to the occurrence of the soft mud layer. A simple reallocation in pumping rates on the basis of the spatial distribution of the thick mud layer could significantly reduce the ground settlement. Electronic Publication     

交互式多目标决策新方法及其在水资源系统规划中的应用

在目标满意度和目标总体协调度的基础上构造了一种新的交互式多目标决策方法,运用欧式距离判断来描述目标总体协调度,避免了目标权重人为确定的任意性,且能充分体现决策者的主观愿望,便于实际操作应用.水资源系统规划的多目标决策实例分析表明该方法有效可行.