华北北部地区3次强震前地下流体异常场及其形成与演化机理

通过系统地收集与整理１９８９年１０月１９日大同－阳高Ｍｓ６．１、１９９６年５月３日包头西Ｍｓ６．４与１９９８年１月１０日张北－尚义Ｍｓ６．２地震前地下流体异常资料,对比与综合分析了异常的形态特征、空间展布特征、时间变化特征与时空演化特征,进而提出华北北部地区地下流体中短期异常场的形成与演化机理。研究结果表明,中期异常场是区域构造活动的强化产生了地下流体的短期异常场,震源体发展到临震阶段时在震中区生     

华北地区断层现今活动速率与特征

系统分析了华北地区跨断层形变资料,计算了断层活动平均速率,研究了断层活动年变率的动态演化。结果表明,华北地区现今断层活动水平较低,平均速率为０．１７ｍｍ／ａ;山西—延怀地区断层活动水平高于华北地区平均水平;山西带及郯庐带北端活动速率呈上升趋势,这与现今及近期的地震活动有密切关系;强烈地震发生前,存在大范围断层活动平均速率的增加;大范围断层活动方式的转折,可能是地震活动分期的重要标志之一     

基于能量方法设计的RC框架结构易损性分析

基于“强柱弱梁”的屈服机制,依据能量平衡方法设计了某6层RC框架结构,采用震级-震中距条带地震动记录选取方法,选取12条随机地震动,利用Perform-3D有限元分析软件对结构进行增量动力（IDA）分析,得到了结构的地震易损性曲线、破坏状态概率曲线以及结构破坏概率矩阵。分析结果表明:该方法设计的结构能够形成预设的“强柱弱梁”屈服机制,可以保证结构中梁充分参与耗能,同时结构具有较强的抗倒塌能力,可以满足“小震不坏,中震可修,大震不倒”的性能要求。     

Experimental study on the performance of an azimuthal acoustic receiver sonde for a downhole tool

A new azimuthal acoustic receiver sonde with a body and corresponding circuits was designed for a downhole tool. The 64‐sensor receiver sonde holds eight receiver stations that can be combined into at least 64 three‐sensor receiver subarrays. As a result, the receiver sonde can use different sensor combinations instead of different transducer types to produce multiple modes, including a phased azimuthal reception mode and conventional monopole, dipole, and quadruple modes. Laboratory measurements were conducted to study the performance of the azimuthal acoustic receiver sonde for a downhole tool, and the experimental results indicate that the receiver sonde provides a consistent reception performance. Individual sensors receive similar time‐domain waveforms, and their corresponding frequency bands and sensitivities are consistent within the measurement errors of around 5%. The direction of the reception main lobe is approximately parallel to its exterior normal direction. In addition, a receiver subarray with three sensors receives waveforms that have higher energy and narrower beamwidths. For individual sensors, the angular width of the dominant reception lobe is 191.3^° on average, whereas that of the individual receiver subarrays is approximately 52.1^° on average. The amplitude of the first arrival received by the receiver subarray centred at the primary sensor directly pointing to the source is approximately 2.2 times the average amplitude of the first arrivals received by the other receiver subarrays in the same receiver station. Thus, the maximum amplitude of the waveforms received by the receiver subarrays can be used to determine the direction of the incident waves. This approach represents a promising method for determining the reflector azimuth for acoustic reflection logging and three‐dimensional acoustic logging.     

基于改进反应位移法的盾构隧道横向抗震规律研究

在地震动作用下,小间距盾构隧道夹土层区域的动力反应影响结构的内力与变形,而反应位移法未考虑夹土层弹簧参数的变化,本文针对这一误差来源,提出了改进反应位移法。一方面在反应位移法合理内容的基础上完善计算模型,另一方面通过数值计算将改进反应位移法与动力时程法进行对比分析,并拟合理论模型对改进的方法进行修正。结果表明,两种算法下结构的地震响应规律一致;间距d≥8m时,结构地震动反应变化不明显,可按反应位移法计算;理论模型提高了改进反应位移法计算结果的精度。     

用摄影测量进行滑坡监测和预报

本文提出用摄影测量方法对滑坡地段进行监测和预报。这种方法较常规的地面测量监测,使外业工作和计算工作量大大减少,并能达到滑坡监测精度。     

台湾东北部黑潮在流函数空间的水文分析

利用一种流函数投影方法对台湾东北部黑潮近20年的历史水文数据进行了诊断分析。结果表明,苏澳海脊北部位于冲绳海槽西南角的黑潮中层水的盐度明显高于周围海区;而位于1000m以下的冲绳海槽黑潮深层水相对于苏澳海脊以南的黑潮深层水具有高温低盐的特征,反映了苏澳海脊对黑潮水团的阻挡作用;位于300m以浅的冲绳海槽黑潮热带水相对于苏澳海脊以南的黑潮热带水具有低温低盐的特征。对冲绳海槽西南角黑潮中层水高盐中心的成因分析表明,除苏澳海脊的阻挡作用外,台湾东北部常年存在的气旋式冷涡与黑潮主体在陆架坡折交汇区的垂直混合过程也是需要考虑的物理因素。     

The Contribution of Opal-Associated Phosphorus to Bioavailable Phosphorus in Surface and Core Sediments in the East China Sea

To improve the burial flux calculations of bioavailable phosphorus(P) and study opal-associated P(Opal-P) in the East China Sea(ECS), surface and core sediments were collected in the Changjiang Estuary(CE) and the south of the Cheju Island. In this study, sedimentary P was operationally divided into seven different forms using modified sedimentary extraction(SEDEX) technique: LSor-P(exchangeable or loosely sorbed P), Fe-P(easily reducible or reactive ferric Fe-bound P), CFA-P(authigenic carbonate fluorapatite and biogenic apatite and CaCO_3-bound P), Detr-P(detrital apatite), Org-P(organic P), Opal-P and Ref-P(refractory P). The data revealed that the concentrations of the seven different P forms rank as Detr-P CFA-P Org-P Ref-P Opal-P Fe-P LSor-P in surface sediments and CFA-P Detr-P Org-P Ref-P Fe-P Opal-P LSor-P in core sediments. The distributions of the total phosphorus(TP), TIP, CFA-P, Detr-P are similar and decrease from the CE to the south of the Cheju Island. Meanwhile, Org-P and Opal-P exhibit different distribution trends; this may be affected by the grain size and TOM. The concentrations of potentially bioavailable P are 9.6-13.0 μmol g~(-1) and 10.0-13.6 μmol g~(-1), representing 61%-70% and 41%-64% of the TP in surface and core sediments, respectively. The concentrations of Opal-P are 0.6-2.3 μmol g~(-1) and 0.6-1.4 μmol g~(-1) in surface and core sediments, accounting for 5.3%-19.8% and 4.2%-10.6% of bioavailable P, respectively. The total burial fluxes of Opal-P and bioavailable P are 1.4×10~9 mol yr~(-1) and 1.1×10~10 mol yr~(-1) in the ECS, respectively. Opal-P represents about 12.7% of potentially bioavailable P, which should be recognized when studying P cycling in marine ecosystems.     

滨里海盆地科尔占地区石炭系沉积相

科尔占地区位于滨里海盆地阿斯特拉罕-阿克纠宾斯克隆起带东南部的比伊克扎尔次级隆起上,该地区广泛发育下二叠统孔谷组盐岩,以盐岩沉积为界,它将整个剖面划分为盐上层系（以碎屑岩为主的含油气层系）和盐下层系（以碳酸盐岩为主的含油气层系）两个大的含油气层系,石炭系为盐下层系中主要的含油气层系之一。通过对研究区唯一的盐下井K井岩屑及其薄片的详细观察,并结合该井测井资料,分析了石炭系的沉积特征,并对其沉积相进行了划分与描述。K井石炭系主要发育3种类型沉积相,分别为深水浊积扇相、斜坡相和台地相,其中深水浊积扇相可进一步划分为内扇、中扇和外扇3个亚相,台地相划分为滩间洼地和台内滩2个亚相。利用K井钻探结果,结合区域资料,初步预测出科尔占地区早石炭世和中石炭世末期沉积相带的平面分布特征。     

Vertical distribution and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in anoxic sediment cores of Chini Lake, Malaysia: Perylene as indicator of land plant-derived hydrocarbons

Four anoxic sediment cores were collected from Chini Lake, Malaysia in order to investigate the variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and perylene concentrations. The study also determined significant differences of perylene concentrations in different sediment layers. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 248 to 8098 ng g⁻¹ in the samples. Diagnostic PAH ratios such as methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene (MP/P), phenanthrene/anthracene (P/A) and fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) (Fl/(Fl + Py) revealed a dominance of pyrogenic influences and partial petrogenic inputs to the top sediment layers. Perylene concentrations were high in the top layers (<12 cm) and increased with increasing depth. There is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.705, p = 0.01) between perylene concentrations and TOC. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in TOC-normalized perylene concentrations between the upper (<12 cm) and bottom layers (>12 cm). The average perylene concentrations accounted for 26–50% (0–12 cm) and 50–77% (12–36 cm) of pentacyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon isomers (PAI) present whereas it made up 10–34% (0–12 cm) and 46–66% (12–36 cm) of the total PAH. The average pyrene concentrations decreased with increasing depth and accounted for 62% (0–3 cm), 20–23% (3–12 cm) and 3–1.4% (12–36 cm) of perylene present. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis based on these ratios suggested different input sources for the top and bottom layers. It is concluded that the activity of termites on woody plants produced perylene which is supplied to the lake by run-off from the heavy and frequent rains in this Asian tropical climate. In addition, there was also in situ formation of perylene in the bottom layers due to diagenetic processes.