Interannual and interdecadal variability of East Asian monsoon and its relation to oceanic processes: a review

A key component of the East Asian climate system is seasonally varying monsoon wind. Its interannual and interdecadal variability, as well as underlying oceanic processes, is the subject of a recent project completed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. A series of research progress in the areas of monsoon winds, ocean responses, upwelling and productivity has been made and reviewed by this paper.     

中国地貌区划新论

地貌区划是研究自然环境空间分异的基础,在区域地貌研究中具有十分重要的地位.本文分析总结了国内外地貌区划的相关研究成果,系统探讨了地貌区划的具体步骤与方法、地貌区划的原则、各级地貌区划的依据和标准,提出地貌类型组合和地貌成因类型的基本异同是各级地貌区划的依据.本文以中国1:400 万地貌图等新资料为基础,应用GIS 方法,结合中国三大地貌阶梯及其内部地貌格局的特点,通过分析我国各地基本地貌类型组合的差异及其形成原因,将中国地貌区划分为东部低山平原大区、东南低中山地大区、中北中山高原大区、西北高中山盆地大区、西南亚高山地大区和青藏高原大区6 个地貌大区,并分别简要论述了各大区的地貌特征.各大区内部又据次级基本地貌类型和地貌成因类型及其组合差异进一步分区,全国共划分了38个地貌区.     

大灰厂井水位上升异常及其震兆意义

分析了大灰厂水位多年变化趋势及其影响因素的基础上,确认2003年10月9日开始出现的水位上升异常,把该异常与本台的地形变异常、邻近的另一口井水位变化对比分析后认为异常是构造运动引起的,不是干扰异常,通过震例研究,进一步认为该异常具有震兆意义。     

CE 318型太阳光度计常见问题及其解决方法

介绍了CE-318型太阳光度计在运行过程中容易出现的问题,分析和说明了出现问题的原因,并给出了解决办法,提出了对仪器进行日、周、月、年检查、维护注意事项。旨在为台站观测技术人员提高CE-318型观测仪器的使用、维护和检修能力,进行仪器的常规检查和维护提供参考,也为提高仪器运行的稳定性和数据质量的可靠性提供基础保障。     

Non-destructive characterization of coal samples from China using microfocus X-ray computed tomography

This paper demonstrates capabilities of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (µCT) in characterizing the development of coal porosity and fractures. For the investigated coals, the CT number of minerals, pores and coal matrix are approximately 3000, < 600 and 1000–1600 Hounsfield unit (HU), respectively. The total CT number of analyzed coals mainly relate to the density, coal maceral composition, and proportion of minerals and pores. Although the estimated porosities by segmentation method show some uncertainty, the results correlate well with the analyzed porosities by helium gas method and water-saturated method. The aperture, spacing and spatial distribution of fractures, and mineral morphology are semi-quantitatively evaluated by µCT using a computer-aided design. The slicing analyses of coals demonstrated that distributions of porosity in coals are highly anisotropic. The spatial disposition of pores, fractures and minerals is the most important factor that influences coal porosity and permeability. In spite of the limitation of low spatial resolution (70 μm) and some ring artifacts of X-ray, µCT has major advantages in non-destructive detection and 3D visualized characterization of pores, fractures and minerals compared to traditional methods.     

An organic geochemical investigation on organic rich sediments from two Neogene formations in the Klias Peninsula area,West Sabah,Malaysia

Twenty organic rich outcrop samples from the Belait and Setap Shale formations in the Klias Peninsula area, West Sabah, were analysed by means of organic petrology and geochemical techniques. The aims of this study are to assess the type of organic matter, thermal maturity and established source rock characterization based primarily on Rock-Eval pyrolysis data. The shales of the Setap Shale Formation have TOC values varying from 0.6 wt%–1.54 wt% with a mean hydrogen index (HI) of 60.1 mg/g, whereas the shal...     

Ontogenetic changes in feeding and food preferences of the dog conch Laevistrombus canarium Linnaeus 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Merambong shoal,Malaysia

Laevistrombus canarium is one of the marine gastropod mollusks that have high commercial value,particularly in the aquaculture sector in Malaysia.This study was conducted to determine the feeding and food items of L.canarium at dif ferent ontogenetic stages(juveniles,sub-adults and adults)from Merambong shoals,Malaysia.Field observations on feeding activity were conducted,followed by detailed laboratory analysis on the stomach content.Five-minutes observations on randomly selected individuals were conducted at the fi eld sampling site and their feeding activities were recorded with reference to age stage.Various shell sizes from each ontogenetic stage were randomly collected and quickly anaesthetized with ice and preserved in 10%formalin before being transported to the laboratory for stomach content analyses.Field observations showed that L.canarium mainly grazed on epiphytes occurring on seagrass(46.67%),followed by sediment surface(40%)and epiphytes occurring on macroalgae(13.33%).Stomach content analyses showed a signifi cant dif ference(P0.05)in gastro-somatic index(Gasi)between the juveniles(0.39±0.05),sub-adults(0.68±0.09)and adults(0.70±0.05)(P0.05).Food items found in the conch stomach include diatoms,detritus,foraminifera,seagrass and macroalgae fragments,sand particles and shell fragments.The Index of Relative Importance(%IRI)indicates three main types of food dominated the three ontogenetic stages namely diatoms,sand particles and detritus.However,no signifi cant diff erence(P0.05)was detected between the three main food items(diatoms,sand particles and detritus)among the ontogenetic stages.Therefore,feeding activity revealed the role of the dog conch in the marine food network.While,classifi cation of the types of food consumed by L.canarium through stomach content analysis determines the particular position of the gastropod in the food chain.Further studies are needed to provide a better insight between trophic relationships of L.canarium with marine ecosystem.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠地区气溶胶光学厚度卫星遥感产品验证

基于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区地基太阳光度计数据,系统验证2007～2008年星载多角度成像光谱仪(MISR)、中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)和臭氧监测仪(OMI)气溶胶反演产品,旨在定量评估这些产品在我国沙漠地区的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演精度。结果表明:MODIS/AOD的相关系数在4种产品中最高(0.91),OMI/AOD次之(0.87),其次为MISR/AOD(0.84),OMI/UVAI相关系数偏低(0.51)。MISR/AOD均方根误差(0.14)和平均偏差(-0.06)在4种反演产品中最低。与地基观测相比,MISR/AOD、MODIS/AOD系统偏低,OMI/AOD、OMI/UVAI系统偏高。在相同比较条件下(地基观测气溶胶光学厚度值限定在2.0以内),MISR的均方根误差和平均偏差在4种反演产品中最低,且相关系数也较高(0.84)。尽管存在诸多不同,但3种探测器气溶胶反演产品均能较好地展示该地区的气溶胶季节变化。塔克拉玛干沙漠春、夏季AOD较大,秋、冬季AOD相对较小。ngstrm波长指数的结果表明,春季(3～5月)最小(均值为0.11),夏季(6～8月)次之,秋季(9～11月)和冬季(12月至次年2月)较大(均值达到0.61),这表明在春、夏季气溶胶粒子偏大,秋、冬季气溶胶粒子偏小。此外,通过研究2000～2010年AOD年际变化表明,由于塔克拉玛干沙漠地区属于沙尘源区,气溶胶类型较为单一,所以总体来说,变化趋势不是较为明显。从反演结果来看,2003年的气溶胶含量为此10年中最高,年均值达到0.32;2005年的气溶胶含量在这10年中最低,年均值为0.28。     

塔里木盆地东南部石炭系,二叠系沉积与层序特征

塔里木盆地东南部中古炭统一下二叠统是一个顶底为Ⅰ类不整合所限定的二级沉积层序。该层序沉积期，塔里木盆地东南部存在三个古陆，两个浅海海峡，一个半深海斜坡。随着海面上升－静止－下降于不同部位形成了不同沉积体系及组合。海进体系域由中上石炭统的滨岸破坏性三