全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2266篇 |
免费 | 83篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 96篇 |
大气科学 | 150篇 |
地球物理 | 613篇 |
地质学 | 729篇 |
海洋学 | 198篇 |
天文学 | 423篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
自然地理 | 157篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 23篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 61篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 73篇 |
2015年 | 48篇 |
2014年 | 64篇 |
2013年 | 111篇 |
2012年 | 66篇 |
2011年 | 91篇 |
2010年 | 103篇 |
2009年 | 110篇 |
2008年 | 84篇 |
2007年 | 105篇 |
2006年 | 94篇 |
2005年 | 74篇 |
2004年 | 69篇 |
2003年 | 64篇 |
2002年 | 66篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 47篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 43篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 27篇 |
1978年 | 26篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 17篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
1972年 | 17篇 |
1970年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有2376条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
A comparison between single short-term radon measurements and annual radon measurements in basements shows that significant uncertainties should be associated with the short-term measurements. Activated charcoal radon monitors which measure radon over a 3 to 7 day interval yield measurements that should carry a ± 90% uncertainty in terms of estimating annual radon concentration. Alpha-track radon monitors which measure radon over a 3 month interval should carry a ± 30% uncertainty. Decisions about home purchases, home remediation and the development of risk characterizations may often be incorrect if currently popular but unrealistically low estimates of uncertainty are applied to short-term radon measurements. Optimal results are obtained from year-long alpha-track measurements. 相似文献
152.
The Stansbury shoreline, one of the conspicuous late Pleistocene shorelines of Lake Bonneville, consists of tufa-cemented gravel and barrier beaches within a vertical zone of about 45 m, the lower limit of which is 70 m above the modern average level of Great Salt Lake. Stratigraphic evidence at a number of localities, including new evidence from Crater Island on the west side of the Great Salt Lake Desert, shows that the Stansbury shoreline formed during the transgressive phase of late Pleistocene Lake bonneville (sometime between about 22,000 and 20,000 yr B.P.). Tufa-cemented gravel and barrier beaches were deposited in the Stansbury shorezone during one or more fluctuations in water level with a maximum total amplitude of 45 m. We refer to the fluctuations as the Stansbury oscillation. The Stansbury oscillation cannot have been caused by basin-hypsometric factors, such as stabilization of lake level at an external overflow threshold or by expansion into an interior subbasin, or by changes in drainage basin size. Therefore, changes in climate must have caused the lake level to reverse its general rise, to drop about 45 m in altitude (reducing its surface area by about 18%, 5000 km2), and later to resume its rise. If the sizes of Great Basin lakes are controlled by the mean position of storm tracks and the jetstream, which as recently postulated may be controlled by the size of the continental ice sheets, the Stansbury oscillation may have been caused by a shift in the jetstream during a major interstade of the Laurentide ice sheet. 相似文献
153.
Human activity is an important agent defining the contemporary hydrologic cycle. We have documented the potential impacts of impoundment, land use change and climate change on the Zambezi River system in southern Africa and found that they can be substantial. A full analysis requires construction and parameterization of a simulation for the entire catchment. This paper develops a strategy for implementing catchment-scale models of the major hydrologic processes operating within the basin. A coherent data set for calibrating the models has also been assembled. The algorithms consist of a Water Balance (WBM) and a Water Transport (WTM) operating at 1/2o spatial scale and at monthly timesteps. These models transform complex patterns of regional climatology into estimates of soil water, evapotranspiration, runoff, and discharge through rivers of various size. The models are dependent on the characteristics of the terrestrial surface, principally soil texture and land cover. A simulated river network is also required. Additional tabular data sets are essential for model testing and calibration. These include subcatchment areas; observed river discharge at selected points; flooding, storage and loss characteristics of major wetlands; floodwave translation; and, volume, surface area, withdrawal and evaporative losses from impoundments. An important design consideration for the numerous impoundments in the Zambezi requires an understanding of the seasonal variation in discharge, in particular how it might respond to climate and land use change. The research strategy offered here lays a framework for addressing such issues. Although the primary focus of this work is hydrologic, we discuss how the model can be extended to consider constituent transport and biogeochemical cycling issues at the continental scale. 相似文献
154.
155.
The band positions of three partially overlapping Fe2+ spin-allowed transitions located between 4000 and 9000 cm–1 in almandine-pyrope and almandinespessartine garnets solid solutions were measured using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The crystal field stabilization energies (CFSE) along both binaries were calculated assuming a splitting of 1100 cm–1 for the lower orbitals. The CFSE show a slight increase along the almandine-spessartine binary from 3730 to 3810 cm–1 and a larger increase from 3730 to 3970 cm–1 for the almandine-pyrope binary. Dodecahedral Fe2+-site distortion increases with an increase in spessartine component and decreases with increasing pyrope component, in agreement with average dodecahedral site distortions determined from diffraction experiments. The excess CFSE's along both joins are negative. For the almandinespessartine binary they are small, but are about 3.5 times larger in magnitude along the join almandine-pyrope, where an interaction parameter of W= -2.9 KJ/mole has been derived from a symmetric mixing model. The excess CFSE are relatively small compared to the magnitudes of the excess enthalpies of mixing that have been assigned to garnet solid solutions. Moreover, they give no indication which could support the positive and asymmetric excess enthalpies of mixing that have been proposed for almandine-pyrope solid solutions. 相似文献
156.
A synoptic climatology of warm season heavy rainfall is developed from patterns of 850 mb thermal advection over the Appalachian region. Heavy rain events are categorized according to the position and orientation of a warm air advection (WAA) ridge, a feature found in nearly two-thirds of the events. Numerous study events occur within the conditionally unstable region of the WAA ridge. In fact, numerous occurrences of heavy rainfall are tied to a superpositioning of a WAA and air mass instability ridge in the vicinity or upstream of the heavy rain area. 相似文献
157.
158.
The simple Lanczos method presented in a recent paper by the writers, with application to single vector loads, is extended to include a more general dynamic loading represented as a linear combination of k vectors (load patterns). The result is a set of orthogonal vectors that is used to transform the equations of motion to a banded form, the half-bandwidth of which becomes k + 1. When k is small relative to the number of equations, this approach provides for a very efficient time-stepping solution. 相似文献
159.
The magnitude M = 6-5 Coalinga earthquake of 2 May 1983 caused intense ground shaking throughout the epicentral region. Unanchored cylindrical ground supported tanks located at six sites within this oil producing area were damaged; damages included elephant's foot buckling at the base of three moderate sized tanks, joint rupture and top shell buckling in one large old rivetted tank, bottom plate rupture of a relatively new welded tank and damage to the floating roofs of 11 tanks. Also oil spilled over the top of many tanks and secondary damages occurred in pipe connections, ladders, etc. In this paper an estimate is made of the intensity of ground motion at each of the tank sites, based on strong motion records made during the main shock and the strongest aftershock. Then response parameters specified by current codes are correlated with the damages observed at each tank site. Based on this comparison, it is concluded that current U.S. practice under-estimates the sloshing response of tanks with floating roofs and does not adequately address the uplifting mechanism of unanchored ground supported tanks. 相似文献
160.
A precipitate of cobalt oxyhydroxides formed by bubbling oxygen through a dilute solution of Co(NO3)2 held at pH 9.0 and 25°C was aged for 23 months in contact with the original solution, with access to atmospheric oxygen. Co3O4 and CoOOH were identified in the precipitate by X-ray diffraction. Chemical equilibria involving these solids were evaluated by measurements of solution pH and Co2+ activities and by redox potential measurements and gave a of . This value and other thermodynamic data show relative feasibility of hypothetical reaction steps and changes in reaction paths during automated coprecipitation titrations and subsequent aging of a precipitate that finally contained βMnOOH, MnO2 (birnessite) and CoOOH. 相似文献