新疆天山南麓一次冰雹天气成因分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°的6h再分析资料和地面加密自动气象观测资料,分析了2010年5月15日发生在新疆沙雅县境内的一次强冰雹天气。分析显示,巴尔喀什湖低槽、冰雹区上游的中尺度切变线是冰雹天气的直接影响系统,其水汽源于塔里木盆地西部和中部地区,水汽在低层集中和输送,冰雹区上空的辐合上升运动为冰雹出现提供了水汽和动力条件,强冰雹产生在地面高能区附近,冰雹发生前低层和整层大气存在不稳定能量。此次强冰雹过程中对应地面上有中尺度低压、中尺度辐合线和中尺度涡旋,强冰雹是由γ中尺度对流单体产生的,中尺度辐合线维持5h,中尺度涡旋维持3h,γ中尺度对流单体的生命史为30min左右。     

一次冬季降雹过程的CINRAD/SA回波特征

利用新一代天气雷达 (CINRAD/SA)对 2 0 0 2年 1 2月 1 9日一次冬季降雹观测资料进行分析 ,从中得出冬季降雹的回波特征 ,并对这次过程中出现的三体散射现象及相应的雷达产品做初步分析 ,得出“三体”散射现象是降大雹的一指示性标志和降雹的一些雷达产品指标。     

稻瘟病发生发展气象条件等级业务预报技术研究

从稻瘟病发生机理出发,通过筛选满足稻瘟病病菌侵入寄主的气象因子条件,即水稻稻瘟病的促病气象指标:日平均气温20～30℃,日最低气温<20℃,空气相对湿度≥90%,日照时数≤1h,日降水量≥1mm,建立了水稻稻瘟病发生发展的气象条件促病指数Z,在相关分析的基础上确立了稻瘟病发生发展气象条件预报等级指标,通过1984-2006年历史回代检验,准确率为74%～78%.2007年实际业务服务应用,服务效果很好.     

Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans

The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km~2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr~(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr~(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr~(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr~(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr~(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr~(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr~(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr~(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr~(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr~(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr~(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area.     

哈达门沟金矿床成岩成矿时代的定点定年研究

哈达门沟大型钾长石 -石英脉型金矿床位于华北地台北缘西段的乌拉山地区。矿区西部的大桦背花岗岩和矿区内的伟晶岩脉与金矿化均具有较为密切的空间关系 ,这导致不少研究者认为哈达门沟金矿床与大桦背岩体或伟晶岩之间也具有时间和成因联系。通过采用先进的高灵敏的高分辨率的离子探针 (SHRIMP)对大桦背岩体、伟晶岩脉和钾长石化蚀变岩进行的锆石 U- Pb定点定年研究表明 :伟晶岩脉形成于 (1836± 5)× 10 6a,属吕梁旋回 ;大桦背岩体形成于 (353± 7)× 10 6a,应为海西旋回早期产物 ;金矿化年龄小于或等于 (132± 2 )× 10 6a,应为燕山晚期。这些年龄结果说明 ,本区金矿化比大桦背岩体晚至少 2 2 0× 10 6a,这排除了金矿化与大桦背岩体和伟晶岩脉之间有任何成因联系的可能性。蚀变岩的年龄还证明 ,虽然乌拉山和胶东地区金矿床的围岩和年龄不同 ,但两地区的金矿化却几乎同时发生。此外 ,大桦背岩体的形成年龄与华北地块和蒙古古陆块碰撞作用发生的时间基本一致 ,因此大桦背岩体的 SHRIMP年龄为这一碰撞作用提供了可靠的年代学证据。     

基本气流在局域流型演化过程中的作用

用一个β平面准地转正压模式,实施了5组时间积分为72个模式日的试验,分析了不同基本气流对局域流型演化特征的作用。结果指出:强的基本气流相应于持续性干旱流型;弱的基本气流相应于间歇性的干旱流型。     

热带气旋移动的数值模拟和临界点现象

用一个带有热力强迫和耗散项的准地转正压模式,实施了16组积分时间大于7d的数值试验,研究了在环境流场和环境加热场共同作用下,热带气旋的移动路径问题。结果表明,随着环境流场参数、环境加热场参数和热带气旋尺度参数取值的不同,在模式大气中,清楚地复制出逆时针打转、蛇行摆动、向西移行和突然北折等截然不同的运动形态,并显示出具有非线性特色的临界点现象。     

台风运动内在随机性的研究

本文用差分方法，对决定性的正压涡度方程实施了四组数值积分。根据模式输出量，求得了台风中心移速的一维序列和二维序列。计算了移速序列的关联维数和Ｋ熵。结果表明模式大气中台风中心的移动具有内在随机性。最后讨论了局域热源和基流对台风移动路径随机性和可预测性的影响。     

地幔柱大辩论及如何验证地幔柱假说

目前关于地幔柱存在与否的争论主要集中在地幔柱学说的三个假设上:(1)起源于地球核幔边界缓慢上升的细长柱状热物质流;(2)热点下具有异常高温地幔;(3)地幔柱是相对静止的。这三个方面的验证需要今后深部地球物理探测、岩石学和古地磁等学科的综合运用和进一步的工作。文中认为,地幔柱学说依然能合理地解释地球上一级地质现象,反对地幔柱的学者过分强调了一些小尺度的与地幔柱理论不符的细节,而小尺度地壳特征显然还受到其他许多因素的影响。可以从以下5个方面来鉴别老地幔柱:(1)大规模火山作用前的地壳抬升;(2)放射状岩墙群;(3)火山作用的物理特征;(4)火山链的年代学变化;(5)地幔柱产出岩浆的化学组成。研究表明,峨眉山大火成岩省满足其中的3到4个指标,因此地幔柱是形成峨眉山玄武岩的主要动力学机制。     

四川盆地南部下三叠统飞仙关组一段台内鲕滩的主控因素

四川盆地飞仙关组台缘鲕滩气田的发现,激励了人们重新认识台内鲕滩的发育分布规律及其勘探前景。根据野外露头及钻孔资料的分析,认为四川盆地南部飞仙关组一段的台内鲕滩具有发育向上变浅序列、单滩体厚度一般小于3m、横向连续性较差的特征。着重分析了沉积期古地貌、古水深、海水动荡程度以及古海平面相对升降变化对台内鲕滩的控制作用,并把滩体的发育阶段分为雏滩期(低速建造期)、滩核期(高建造期)及衰亡期3个阶段。结果表明,在缓慢等效的海退过程中,处于高能沉积界面附近的水下古高地有利于台内鲕滩的形成,继承性的泸州古隆起核部是区内有利的滩体发育区,形成的台内滩体具有一定的厚度规模和较大的分布面积。这一认识可为该区飞仙关组台内鲕滩的下一步勘探提供必要的地质支持。