东濮凹陷盐湖相原油氮/氧化合物分布特征及其应用

东濮凹陷盐湖相原油中杂原子化合物研究薄弱。采用高分辨率质谱技术、结合色谱-质谱,对东濮凹陷盐湖相、淡水湖相原油、烃源岩中的含氮、氧化合物进行了检测。结果表明,原油中含有丰富的氮、氧化合物, N₁、O₁和O₂占绝对优势;随成熟度增加,N₁和O₁类化合物相对丰度增加、O₂类化合物相对丰度降低、氮/氧化合物的缩合度增加、烷基侧链碳数范围降低,提出了多项氮、氧化合物的成熟度辅助识别指标,建立了DBE₁₅/DBE₉-N₁和DBE₁₅⁺/DBE₁₄^--N₁与折算镜质体反射率之间的定量关系式。通过对氮、氧化合物的油-油、油-岩对比,认为东濮凹陷盐湖相原油主要来自成熟烃源岩。基于高分辨率质谱的氮、氧化合物具有重要的成熟度评价、油源对比、油气运移示踪的应用前景。     

测井约束反演在预测煤矿岩浆岩分布中的应用

将测井约束反演技术应用于卧龙湖煤矿首采区的地震资料岩性解释过程中。阐述了测井约束反演技术的基本原理,并针对煤田测井数据进行处理与分析;对地震子波进行分析提取,再进行迭代反演运算。通过对煤矿首采区的岩浆岩及煤系进行的综合地质分析,利用测井约束反演技术实现了岩浆岩与煤系的薄层分布信息预测。结果表明,该方法有效地提高了地震数据的分辨率,能解释常规剖面上不易识别的一些地质现象,为采区岩浆岩的分布提供详实的信息。      

Earthquake-induced landslide displacement attenuation models and application in probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis

A landslide displacement (DLL) attenuation model has been developed using spectral intensity and a ratio of critical acceleration coefficient to ground acceleration coefficient. In the development of the model,a New Zealand earthquake record data set with magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 7.2 within a source distance of 175 km is used. The model can be used to carry out deterministic landslide displacement analysis,and readily extended to carry out probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis. DLL attenuation models have also been developed by using earthquake source terms,such as magnitude and source distance,that account for the effects of earthquake faulttype,source type,and site conditions. Sensitivity analyses show that the predicted DLL values from the new models are close to those from the Romeo model that was developed from an Italian earthquake record data set. The proposed models are also applied to an analysis of landslide displacements in the Wenchuan earthquake,and a comparison between the predicted and the observed results shows that the proposed models are reliable,and can be confidently used in mapping landslide potential.     

Particle size distributions and organic-inorganic compositions of suspended particulate matters around the Bohai Strait

Laser in situ scattering and transmissometry(LISST) significantly improves our ability to assess particle size distribu-tion(PSD) in seawater, while wide-ranging measurements of the organic-inorganic compositions of suspended particulate matters(SPM) are still difficult by using traditional methods such as microscopy. In this study, PSD properties and SPM compositions around the Bohai Strait(China) were investigated based on the measurements by LISST in combination with hydro-biological parameters collected from a field survey in summer 2014. Four typical PSD shapes were found in the region, namely right-peak, left-peak, dou-ble-peak and negative-skew shapes. The double-peak and negative-skew shapes may interconvert into each other along with strong hydrodynamic variation. In the upper layer of the Bohai Sea, organic particles were in the majority, with inorganic particles rarely observed. In the bottom layer, SPM were the mixture of organic and inorganic matters. LISST provided valuable baseline information on size-resolved organic-inorganic compositions of SPM: the size of organic particles mainly ranged from 4 to 20 μm and 40 to 100 μm, while most SPM ranging from 20 to 40 μm were composed of inorganic sediment.     

杭州湾地区晚第四纪浅层生物气藏盖层物性封闭特征

杭州湾地区晚第四纪浅层生物气藏盖层存在孔隙水压力封闭和烃浓度封闭机理,但其是否存在物性封闭机理目前尚存在较大争议.研究区浅层生物气藏盖层埋藏浅、时代新、结构松散,对其物性封闭能力的评价不能直接套用深部成岩盖层的评价参数和方法.通过变水头渗透实验测定盖层和储层样品渗透率数值,以渗透率作为评价浅层生物气盖层物性封闭能力的参数,对研究区浅层生物气藏盖层的物性封闭特征及其影响因素进行了详细研究.结果表明盖层渗透率数值比储层小3个数量级,具有较强的物性封闭能力,有利于浅层生物气藏的保存.研究区浅层生物气盖层物性封闭能力的影响因素包括黏土含量及黏土矿物成分、含水饱和度和盖层厚度,黏土含量及黏土矿物成分对盖层物性封闭能力起决定性作用,较高的含水饱和度促进了盖层物性封闭能力的增强,盖层厚度对物性封闭能力起到了极为重要的补偿作用.     

抗差卡尔曼滤波在矿山地表沉降监测中的应用研究

在实际地表沉降观测过程中,各种误差致使观测向量中粗差对状态滤波值产生影响。根据标准卡尔曼滤波理论导出了地表移动观测站数据处理的抗差卡尔曼滤波模型,将抗差卡尔曼滤波模型应用到淮南某矿开采沉陷地表监测站沉降监测数据处理中,对该矿地表沉降监测实例进行模拟计算,结果表明该模型能够有效减弱或消除观测值中粗差的影响,提高数据处理的可靠性,获得可靠的分析结果。     

Radioactive geophysical features of Haizishan area in Litang of Sichuan Province

In order to investigate the radioactive geophysical features, uranium metallogenetic geological setting and metallogenetic conditions at Haizishan area, the ground total gamma survey and geology-gamma spectrometric profile survey were conducted. The radioactive background of Haizishan area was preliminarily cognized through the ground total gamma survey and the radioactive features were identified. The anomaly properties of Late Yanshan granites were roughly confirmed through geology - gamma spectrometric profile survey, and the detailed statistical analysis was done for radionuclide contents of each major lithostratigraphy. The results show that Late Yanshan granites in this area have higher total gamma background value, and the distribution of total gamma anomaly is almost consistent with Late Yanshan granites. The uranium background value of the granites is higher, showing the uranium sources are favorable in this area. There is Chaqingka hot-spring anomaly in the western periphery of Haizishan area, which is in connection with the northwest fault. The sinter on the ground has very high total gamma measurement value, and the uranium - thorium anomaly occurrence is shown through gamma spectrometric survey. According to the geological and radiometric properties of Chaqingka hot-spring anomaly, combined with the uranium metallogenetic geological setting and metallogenetic conditions in the area, the authors identified that the potential source of uranium is bearing fluids containing uranium or the uranium is likely to be abundant in deep Late Yanshan granites. The uranium is migrated to deposit and enrich at the surface, which provides a prospecting target for further uranium exploration.     

青藏公路沿线多年冻土区土壤热通量参数化方案的优化和检验

土壤热通量是地表能量平衡的重要分量,其估算方案在研究地表能量平衡研究中必不可少。利用青藏公路沿线5个站点0~20 cm的实测土壤层温、湿度及5 cm土壤热通量资料,以翁笃鸣气候学计算方案为基础建立了优化的5 cm土壤热通量计算方案。通过唐古拉和西大滩两个独立站点的检验结果表明,优化方案的结果相对于原方案有较大的改善,唐古拉和西大滩5 cm土壤热通量均方根误差值分别减小了3.2 W·m^-2和4.8 W·m^-2,而相对误差分别减小了61.9%和36.1%,即新方案能够较好地估算出青藏公路沿线多年冻土区5 cm土壤热通量。使用优化方案模拟了青藏公路沿线11个站点5 cm土壤热通量变化,结果显示,近十年青藏公路沿线土壤热通量呈现出增大的趋势,其中,5 cm土壤热通量增大了近1.0 W·m^-2,而且各观测场的年平均土壤热通量值均大于0.0 W·m^-2,表明就年尺度而言,热量有盈余,盈余热量用于加热下层土壤,引起活动层厚度增加,平均状况下土壤热通量每增大1.0 W·m^-2,活动层厚度增大约21.0 cm。     

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)Patched 1基因的克隆和表达分析

Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路在脊椎动物和非脊椎动物发育过程中细胞信号传导方面发挥重要的作用。Patched 1 (Ptc1)基因是Hh的受体,通过和Hh配体结合调节Hh信号通路。本研究克隆和鉴定了半滑舌鳎的Ptc1基因(csptc1),该基因cDNA全长为5212 nt,编码蛋白包括1543个氨基酸残基,序列比对和进化分析显示该蛋白在进化过程中较为保守。荧光定量显示该基因在脑,肝脏,心脏,鳃,肠,脾脏、肾脏和性腺组织中普遍表达,在精巢中的表达水平显著高于卵巢。精巢中的原位杂交信号主要位于该基因主要在初级精母细胞,次级精母细胞和支持细胞中,而在卵母细胞中的信号较弱。Csptc1基因在卵巢中的甲基化水平高于在雄鱼和伪雄鱼精巢中。这一研究结果可能说明csptc1基因参与了 Desert Hedgehog (DHH)基因维持雄鱼和伪雄鱼的生殖细胞系以及精子发生等生物学过程。     

乐清湾互花米草高分遥感监测研究

生物入侵是当今世界亟待解决的环境问题之一,互花米草是我国典型的海岸带入侵物种。文章利用2013—2014年的SPOT6高分影像数据,结合无人机低空航拍和野外调查,对乐清湾互花米草的空间分布特征进行系统调查和分析。结果表明:高分遥感影像和面向对象分类技术可有效用于互花米草监测和信息提取;乐清湾滩涂上已形成较大规模的互花米草盐沼群落,分布面积近24km2,且正处于迅速扩张阶段;湾内种质资源保护区和海洋特别保护区的环境现状不容乐观,互花米草对种质资源和红树林保护造成极大威胁。因此,互花米草的蔓延已严重影响乐清湾生态环境和区域经济发展,迫切需要实施科学的监测体系和治理措施。