基于地统计分析的中国省域交通运输系统碳排放时空特征研究

以30省域为研究单元,基于能源消耗测算了中国省域2003-2014年交通运输系统的碳排放量,探究了中国省域交通运输系统碳排放的时空分布特征及演变规律。结果表明：中国交通运输系统碳排放量持续快速增长,空间上表现为东高西低,南北方向呈"倒U"型的特征,且区域间相对差异逐渐减小。新疆、青海、甘肃这3省均为冷点地区,热点地区主要分布于东部沿海,历年交通运输系统碳排放重心基本位于河南省南部偏东地区,呈现东北-西南的方向格局,并向正北转变。不同时期交通运输系统碳排放数据变异的随机成分不同,且结构化差异呈减弱态势,而整体空间效应范围不断增大,溢出效应逐渐增强。     

Glacial runoff characteristics of the Koxkar Glacier,Tuomuer-Khan Tengri Mountain Ranges,China

This paper presents the glacial runoff characteristics of the Koxkar Glacier, China using flow records collected near the snout of the glacier in four consecutive years (2005–2008). The mean annual discharge of the Koxkar Glacier is 102.86 × 10⁶ m³, in which 93.6% occurs in ablation season (May–October). August brings about maximum discharge of about 29.6% to the total streamflow followed by July of some 26.0%. During the study years, total discharge varies little from year to year, whereas the inter-annual variability in monthly discharge is prominent, particularly in the beginning and in the end of the melt season. Seasonal runoff variability shows great monthly variations in discharge with mean coefficient of variation ranging from 0.02 in January to 0.77 in April. The mean diurnal amplitudes are found to be 0.90, 1.86, 4.71, 4.92, 1.17 and 0.43 m³ s⁻¹ for May, June, July, August, September and October, respectively. In the melt season, the maximum runoff is observed during 1800–0200 hours and the minimum occurs during 0700–1000 hours. Delaying effects are prominent in discharge over the ablation period. The time-lag between meltwater generation and its appearance in the streamflow near the snout of the glacier varies between 4.00 and 10.00 h, and time to peak varies between 10.00 and 17.00 h over the entire melt season. The relationship between discharge and temperature on monthly scale (R ² = 0.77) is better than that on daily scale (R ² = 0.55).     

Study on the change of Keqikaer Glacier during the last 30 years,Mt. Tuomuer,Western China

Using radio echo sounder, ice thickness of Keqikaer Glacier tongue was measured in 1981 and 2004. Data obtained by comparing topographical maps, aerial and satellite photographs at different times, illustrates changes of the thickness and advance/retreat of Keqikaer Glacier. Keqikaer Glacier has been in intensive retreat since the 1990s and become thinner since the 1980s. Measured thickness of the ice tongue indicates reducing with a speed of 0.5–1.5 m a⁻¹ since 1981. The shrinkage of the glacier terminus is less than 2% of the total length during the last 30 years; however, the retreat of terminus position and the thinning of the ice thickness provides significant information that these glaciers on the south slope of Mt. Tuomuer are in an intensively decreasing phase in recent time.     

冲绳海槽沉积物混合作用的研究

介绍了利用方向性同位素＾２１０Ｐａ活度在岩芯中的垂直分布，根据沉积作用的数学模式，结合有关资料对冲绳海槽海水－海底界面沉积物的混合作用强度进行了了探讨。＾２１０Ｐｂ资料表明冲绳海槽表层沉积物中，＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性活度存在空间差异，介于２６．２６－９２．４０ｄｐｍ／ｇ，沉积物混合系数个于０．５１－６．８８ｃｍ＾２．ａ，这反映了研究海区不同的混合作用强度和沉积环境。     

Characteristics of ground cracks caused by the MS 6.4 Yangbi earthquake and the corresponding tectonic significance

An M_S 6.4 earthquake occurred near Yangbi County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, at 21:48 on May 21, 2021. The earthquake location is characterized by complex geological structures, with multiple active faults distributed around the epicenter that is located at the west edge of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (25.67°N, 99.87°E). A total of 42 ground cracks are found by earthquake field investigations. The cracks are mainly concentrated in the Ⅷ degree area on the west side of the Yangbi River. Among these, 9 coseismic tectonic ground cracks generated by shear fractures are found in three villages (i.e., Akechang, Meijia-Lijia, and Huajiazhuang), which are distributed along the strike of the northwest-trending linear folds, showing the tectonic characteristics of right-lateral tension or left-stepping cracks. The structural attribute of ground cracks sustains the kinematic properties of the Weixi-Qiaohou fault, namely right-lateral strike-slip.     

基于GPS跟踪站速率探究中国国土面积变化

随着IGS连续跟踪台站的数据量不断增多以及中国陆态网站点加密,我们可以很好地利用这些数据来得到精准的中国边境速度场,从而分析得到中国国土面积的变化.经过计算,得到了中国境内的大致速度场,并结合边境走向估计出了中国面积每年大约减少83 303.392 m2.综合计算精度,这一变化十分微小.     

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Exploration Prospect of Coal‐Derived Tight Sandstone Gas in China: Case Study of the Ordos,Sichuan, and Tarim Basins

This work extensively investigated global tight sandstone gas, and geologically and geochemically analyzed the tight sandstone gas in China's Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins. We compared typical tight sandstone gas in China with that in North America. We proposed six conditions for the formation of China's tight sandstone gas, and illustrated the geological characteristics of tight sandstone gas. In China, gas-bearing tight sandstones were mainly deposited in continental lake deltas and marine-terrigenous facies basin environments, associated with coal-measure strata, and were mostly buried deeper than 2000 m under a formation pressure of 20–30 MPa, with pressure coefficients varying from overpressure to negative pressure. In other countries, tight gas bearing sandstones were dominantly deposited in marine to marine-terrigenous facies environments, occurred in coal-measure strata, and were mostly buried shallower than 2000 m in low-pressure systems. We systematically analyzed tight sandstone gas in the Ordos, Sichuan, and Tarim basins in terms of chemical compositions, geochemical characteristics of carbon isotopes, origins, and sources. Tight sandstone gas in China usually has a hydrocarbon content of 95%, with CH4 content 90%, and a generally higher dry coefficient. In the three above-mentioned large tight sandstone gas regions, δ13 C1 and δ13 C2 mainly ranges from-42‰ to-28‰ and from-28‰ to-21‰, respectively. Type III coal-measure source rocks that closely coexist with tight reservoirs are developed extensively in these gas regions. The organic petrology of source rocks and the carbon isotope compositions of gas indicate that tight sandstone gas in China is dominantly coal-derived gas generated by coal-measure strata. Our analysis of carbon isotope series shows that local isotope reversals are mainly caused by the mixing of gases of different maturities and that were generated at different stages. With increasing maturity, the reversal tendency becomes more apparent. Moreover, natural gas with medium-low maturity(e.g., Xujiahe Formation natural gas in the Sichuan Basin) presents an apparent reversal at a low-maturity stage, a normal series at a medium-maturity stage, and a reversal tendency again at a high-maturity stage. Finally, we proposed four conditions for preferred tight sandstone gas "sweep spots," and illustrated the recoverable reserves, proven reserves, production, and exploration prospects of tight sandstone gas. The geological and geochemical characteristics, origins, sources, and exploration potential of tight sandstone gas in China from our research will be instructive for the future evaluation, prediction, and exploration of tight sandstone gas in China and abroad.     

多源光学遥感数据估算桉树森林生物量

为了克服单个传感器影像在估算森林生物量的方面的局限性,采用多传感器遥感影像估算森林生物量成为目前的发展趋势。该研究根据光学遥感数据源比较多的特点,采用Landsat5 TM数据、ALOS AVNIR-2数据和CBERS-02B CCD数据估算东莞市桉树森林生物量,在对比分析单个传感器估算生物量能力的基础上,将3种传感器结合在一起估算东莞市桉树生物量,充分发挥不同光学传感器在光谱分辨率、辐射分辨率、空间分辨率和时间分辨率等方面的优点,避开各自的缺点,提高了遥感估算桉树生物量的精度,其调整系数R2达到0.65。该研究可为进一步研究大范围的森林生物量估算提供参考。     

2017年临安4.2级地震震中附近断裂活动性研究

2017年4月12日浙江临安发生了4.2级地震,在震中附近范围(35～50 km)内,主要发育3条断裂,分别为马金—乌镇断裂、湖州—临安断裂和昌化—普陀断裂,通过对这3条断裂开展野外地质调查、断层泥年龄样品测试等手段得出:北东向的马金—乌镇断裂、湖州—临安断裂均被近东西向的昌化—普陀为界分南北为两段,其中,马金—乌镇断裂北段以正断为主,南段以逆断为主,两段活动时代均为中更新世早期;湖州—临安断裂南北两段均以逆断为主,北段活动时代为中更新世早期,南段活动时代为前第四纪。昌化—普陀断裂以走滑活动为主,自西向东分为西、中、东三段,活动时代自西向东逐渐减弱,东段为前第四纪断裂,中西段为中更新世断裂。     

欧拉参数的选择对小范围应变率场求解的影响

对比论证了不同欧拉矢量在小范围块体上对应变率求解的影响,并以安徽区域为例,得出了在相对小块体上求解应变率场后,由块体本身求得的自适应欧拉矢量比利用NNR-NUVEL1A提供的欧亚板块欧拉矢量更能反映其区域块体内部应变的结论。自适应欧拉矢量大大减弱了其所在块体的相对速度系统差,有效去除了其跟随大板块背景场的运动趋势,在有条件求得其自适应欧拉板块参数时,比利用大板块的欧拉矢量效果更好。