太湖流域应对特大洪水防洪工程效益模拟

防洪效益评估对防洪工程投资决策与减灾对策制定具有重要意义。建立集成了与太湖流域防洪效益评估相关的系列模型和方法,包括含降雨产流与平原净雨计算的水文分析方法、由河网水动力学模型和平原区域洪水分析模型组成的大尺度水力学模型、综合流域社会经济和淹没因素的洪灾损失评估模型。模拟了太湖流域遇特大洪水的灾害损失,开展了不同防洪工程应对流域性特大洪水减灾效益的预测分析。结果表明：1999年型200年一遇降雨将会给太湖流域造成高达568.29亿元的直接经济损失,外排动力增强30%至100%的防洪效益介于26.69亿元到45.70亿元之间,新建圩区、太浦河拓宽的防洪效益依次减小,而圩区泵排能力增加30%的防洪效益仅为0.65亿元。基于研究成果提出了增设外排泵站、加强圩区科学调度、通过保险分担风险等应对特大洪水的对策措施建议,为太湖流域特大洪水的防治提供支撑和参考。     

Glacial runoff characteristics of the Koxkar Glacier,Tuomuer-Khan Tengri Mountain Ranges,China

This paper presents the glacial runoff characteristics of the Koxkar Glacier, China using flow records collected near the snout of the glacier in four consecutive years (2005–2008). The mean annual discharge of the Koxkar Glacier is 102.86 × 10⁶ m³, in which 93.6% occurs in ablation season (May–October). August brings about maximum discharge of about 29.6% to the total streamflow followed by July of some 26.0%. During the study years, total discharge varies little from year to year, whereas the inter-annual variability in monthly discharge is prominent, particularly in the beginning and in the end of the melt season. Seasonal runoff variability shows great monthly variations in discharge with mean coefficient of variation ranging from 0.02 in January to 0.77 in April. The mean diurnal amplitudes are found to be 0.90, 1.86, 4.71, 4.92, 1.17 and 0.43 m³ s⁻¹ for May, June, July, August, September and October, respectively. In the melt season, the maximum runoff is observed during 1800–0200 hours and the minimum occurs during 0700–1000 hours. Delaying effects are prominent in discharge over the ablation period. The time-lag between meltwater generation and its appearance in the streamflow near the snout of the glacier varies between 4.00 and 10.00 h, and time to peak varies between 10.00 and 17.00 h over the entire melt season. The relationship between discharge and temperature on monthly scale (R ² = 0.77) is better than that on daily scale (R ² = 0.55).     

地面磁测垂向二次导数在莱芜市石家泉矿区铁矿深部找矿中的应用

通过收集和研究莱芜富铁矿区早期的地面磁测资料,结合近几年在铁矿深部找矿中的理论及找矿实践,经过数据处理获得地面磁测ΔZ垂向二次导数异常,用以分解磁异常和圈定深部磁铁矿体的大致分布范围,在莱芜市石家泉地区找到了厚度较大的隐伏富铁矿体,初步估算铁矿石资源量在千万吨以上,取得了良好的找矿效果,同时对该地区深部铁矿找矿起到一定的借鉴。     

基于全球IGS数据的GPS导航星座精密轨道确定

研究GPS导航星座精密轨道确定的基本问题及其处理策略.基于2008年3月29日至4月7日的148个站的IGS站数据,计算了GPS卫星轨道的单天解和3天解,通过与CODE中心的最终轨道进行比较,评价了相应轨道的精度.结果显示,基于该导航星座轨道生成策略,单天轨道解径向精度优于9 cm,3天解轨道径向精度优于5 cm.     

地面磁测垂向二次导数在莱芜市石家泉矿区铁矿深部找矿中的应用

通过收集和研究莱芜富铁矿区早期的地面磁测资料,结合近几年在铁矿深部找矿中的理论及找矿实践,经过数据处理获得地面磁测ΔZ垂向二次导数异常,用以分解磁异常和圈定深部磁铁矿体的大致分布范围,在莱芜市石家泉地区找到了厚度较大的隐伏富铁矿体,初步估算铁矿石资源量在千万吨以上,取得了良好的找矿效果,同时对该地区深部铁矿找矿起到一定的借鉴。     

2012年缅甸德贝金M7.0地震及其地表破裂特征

文章以地质地貌与地震遗迹野外调查获得的第一手资料为基础,重点介绍了实皆断裂的活动习性、2012年地震产生的建筑物破坏与地震地表破裂带特征.实皆断裂是一条规模宏大,以右旋走滑为主的全新世活动断裂,其水平滑动速率为18～20 mm/a.历史上沿实皆断裂曾发生10余次7级以上强震,迄今保留有1839年曼德勒因瓦M 8、193...     

中国区际价值链协作的网络特征与空间格局及其演变——基于增加值分解和复杂网络的分析

利用增加值分解和复杂网络分析方法,基于2007年、2010年和2012年的省际投入产出表,构建中国区际价值链协作网络,考察区际价值链协作的网络特点与空间格局及其演变。结果表明,中国区际价值链协作存在显著的网络特点,显示出小世界网络特征;各地区的网络中心性有明显的地区差异,且该差异在不断缩小,而工业化水平等是引起节点网络中心性地区差异的重要因素。节点聚类和社区划分的结果发现,中国区际价值链协作网络存在3~4个网络社区,地区间的局部网络互动显著;且各网络社区内部的节点地区表现出显著的空间毗邻与地理成片,特别是上海等8个地区在网络中的局部互动最为稳定。     

Contributions of shortwave radiation to the formation of temperature inversions in the Bay of Bengal and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean: A modeling approach

Variations in incoming shortwave radiation influence the net surface heat flux, contributing to the formation of a temperature inversion. The effects of shortwave radiation on the temperature inversions in the Bay of Bengal and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean have never been investigated. Thus, a high-resolution (horizontal resolution of 0.07°×0.07° with 50 vertical layers) Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model is utilized to quantify the contributions of shortwave radiation to the temperature inversions in the study domain. Analyses of the mixed layer heat and salt budgets are performed, and different model simulations are compared. The model results suggest that a 30% change in shortwave radiation can change approximately 3% of the temperature inversion area in the Bay of Bengal. Low shortwave radiation reduces the net surface heat flux and cools the mixed layer substantially; it also reduces the evaporation rate, causing less evaporative water vapor losses from the ocean than the typical situation, and ultimately enhances haline stratification. Thus, the rudimentary outcome of this research is that a decrease in shortwave radiation produces more temperature inversion in the study region, which is primarily driven by the net surface cooling and supported by the intensive haline stratification. Moreover, low shortwave radiation eventually intensifies the temperature inversion layer by thickening the barrier layer. This study could be an important reference for predicting how the Indian Ocean climate will respond to future changes in shortwave radiation.     

Characteristics of ground cracks caused by the MS 6.4 Yangbi earthquake and the corresponding tectonic significance

An M_S 6.4 earthquake occurred near Yangbi County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, at 21:48 on May 21, 2021. The earthquake location is characterized by complex geological structures, with multiple active faults distributed around the epicenter that is located at the west edge of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (25.67°N, 99.87°E). A total of 42 ground cracks are found by earthquake field investigations. The cracks are mainly concentrated in the Ⅷ degree area on the west side of the Yangbi River. Among these, 9 coseismic tectonic ground cracks generated by shear fractures are found in three villages (i.e., Akechang, Meijia-Lijia, and Huajiazhuang), which are distributed along the strike of the northwest-trending linear folds, showing the tectonic characteristics of right-lateral tension or left-stepping cracks. The structural attribute of ground cracks sustains the kinematic properties of the Weixi-Qiaohou fault, namely right-lateral strike-slip.