准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系扇三角洲层序特征及砾岩油藏分布规律

岩性地层油气藏是我国陆上油气勘探的重点领域之一,本文针对我国西部前陆盆地勘探程度相对较低的中深层陆相砾岩油藏,选取准噶尔盆地西北缘八区中-下二叠统作为研究对象,综合岩心观察、测井和三维地震资料的精细解释,在开展层序地层学和沉积相研究的基础上重点解剖典型的扇三角洲砾岩油藏,分析层序地层格架内砾岩油藏的分布特征,揭示出研究区具有一扇多藏的油藏分布规律。勘探开发实践表明,研究区砾岩油藏主要发育于水进体系域扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道储集体中,其次为高水位体系域中,以物性遮挡岩性油藏、物性封闭岩性油藏以及断裂-岩性复合油藏为特征。     

黄河河源区变化环境下分布式水文模拟

将黄河河源区划分为38个自然子流域,利用分布式水文模型模拟径流量,采用唐乃亥水文站逐年、月实测径流资料进行验证,得到了较好的模拟效果。文章建立了5种土地覆被情景模型及24组不同气温和降水的情景组合,分别模拟不同情景下的年径流量。模拟结果表明,随着植被覆盖度的增加,流域年径流量减小,蒸发量增加。当气温降低2_oC且降水增加20%时,流域径流量增加得最大,增加39.69%。     

Estimation of groundwater residence time and recession rate in watershed of the Loess Plateau

Groundwater residence time is an important indicator of hydrological cycle and essential for water resources development and utilization. In this paper, groundwater residence time in non-flood season, flood season and water year has been determined from daily streamflow hydrograph of ten hydrological stations in Wudinghe River Basin located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin. Results have showed that: baseflow recession constant in Wudinghe River Basin ranges from 0.72 to 0.94 with a larger recession rate in flood season than that in non-flood season. Spatially, the recession rate of baseflow in loess area is the biggest, but is the smallest in the sandy area. The half-residence time of groundwater varies from 1.8 to 45.5 days while overall residence time of groundwater is between 34 and 342 days in different sub-basins of the Wudinghe River Basin. The annual average overall residence time of groundwater decreases from 117 days in the upper reaches to 73 days in the lower reaches.     

日本海中尺度涡旋时空变化特征研究

本文利用1993–2019年基于海表面高度异常的涡旋数据集和高度计数据统计分析了日本海区域中尺度涡旋的大小、极性、生命周期、振幅、传播等表面特征的时空变化规律。27年间,共探测到1 429个涡旋,气旋和反气旋数量基本相当,其中气旋675个,反气旋754个。两种极性涡旋均具有较强的季节变化：秋季较多,冬季次之,春季最少。郁陵盆地、大和盆地等为涡旋多发区域呈现西南–东北向带状分布。其中,南部海域反气旋占优,靠近津轻海峡的北部海域气旋占优。西部和南部受东韩暖流和对马暖流的驱动,涡旋移动方向与流场基本一致,北部涡旋与黎曼寒流以及副极地锋流有关。研究表明,动力学不稳定是涡旋在秋冬季大量产生的重要原因。此外,半封闭盆地、局地流场以及复杂的海气相互作用等都可能会对涡旋的产生和消亡造成一定影响。     

基于CRD法的地铁大断面横通道变形规律研究

长春某地铁车站横通道采用CRD工法开挖, 具有断面大、埋深浅的特点, 有必要对地层及结构的变形情况进行研究。据此, 基于地层条件和施工过程, 利用FLAC3D程序建立工程开挖的三维动态模型, 对比实际监测数据, 进行变形规律研究。研究表明, 横纵断面地表沉降槽曲线均可用高斯公式拟合, 地表三维沉降近似呈椭圆形漏斗状, 最大沉降发生在横通道投影中心偏近马头门处, 开挖过程中, 最上层导洞对地表沉降及拱顶沉降影响较大, 约占总沉降的1/2左右, 中隔壁对洞室收敛起到了减缓作用, 故实际监测过程中应以地面沉降和拱顶沉降为主。研究结果对今后地铁大断面横通道开挖有工程指导意义。     

基于模糊-集对分析理论的泥石流危险性评价

集对分析理论是一种处理确定性和不确定性的定量系统分析方法。本文通过模糊联系度对集对分析理论中的差异度系数做进一步挖掘和分析,建立了模糊-集对分析算法,即通过模糊联系度挖掘样本数据讨论类别与相邻类别间的接近程度,得出该类别与相邻类别之间的同异反信息。为了验证模型的适用性,通过实测北京房山区和门头沟区6条泥石流小流域基础数据,进行了危险性评价,并将评价结果与传统评价理论进行对比分析。得出结论：模糊-集对分析理论可以深度挖掘样本类别与相邻类别之间的同异反关系,通过对比现场调查数据发现模糊-集对分析法对泥石流小流域的评价结果更切合实际,且评价结果与可拓学等评价结果基本一致,该方法具有较高的准确性和严密性。     

浙江干旱特征及其与区域气候变化关系

应用干旱综合指数对浙江自1952年以来的干旱年代际变化特征进行研究,用小波分析方法对50多年来的夏秋季降水、气温进行分析.研究指出:浙江发生强干旱往往会连续两年出现;在20世纪50、60年代及21世纪以来浙江干旱强度比较强,强干旱的发生与夏季气温偏高、降水偏少是同步的;70年代末气候发生突变,浙江从干旱期转入湿润期,21世纪以来,气候有一次小振动,浙江由湿润期转入干旱多发.     

基于规范知识的隧道围岩快速分类

总结公路隧道设计规范中的围岩分类知识,运用专家系统技术,开发了一个隧道围岩分类程序SUROC,初步应用于实际工程表明程序可用于公路隧道围岩实时、快速分类。     

小秦岭构造岩及其与金矿化关系

根据小秦岭地区含金石英脉与糜棱岩的空间分布关系可将石英脉分为交代脉、拉张脉、剪切脉、角砾岩脉和裂隙脉等五种类型，它们是不同构造阶段的产物。脉体宏观构造、微观构造、包体测压数据及石英Ｘ射线研究表明，脉体的充填、定位与容矿空间扩张同时形成，容矿空间的形成是含金热液液压致裂作用的直接结果。本文详细研究了构造岩的岩石学、岩相学特征，并对构造岩的形成条件及与金矿化关系等做了初步探讨     

OBSERVATION AND MODEL ANALYSES OF POSITIVE CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING IN MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS

The analyses of spatial and temporal characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning for four mesoscaleconvective systems and two severe local convective systems in 1989 and 1990 show that positive CG flash rate usuallyhas two peak values.The major peak occurs during the developing stage of the storm and most of the positive CGflashes originate at the lower part of the storm.The minor occurs during the dissipative stage of the storm and most ofthe positive CG flashes originate at the upper part of the storm,especially in the region of the wind divergence in thestorm anvil.The positive CG flash rate is almost an order of magnitude larger in the developing stage than in thedissipative stage.The appearing time of the peak of negative CG flash rate is in accordance with that of the valley of pos-itive CG flash rate.The higher the intensity of the radar echo,the higher the positive CG flash rate.Most of the positive CG flashes oc-cur when the weak echo area is larger,and mostly originate in the region where the radar echo intensity is about 10dBzand in the back region of the moving storms.The spatial distribution of the positive CG flashes is much more dispersivethan that of the negative.The mesoscale analysis reveals a bipolar lightning pattern.The mean bipole--length reaches itsminimum during the mature stage of the storm and reaches the maximum during the developing stage of the storm.The vertical distribution of the charge density is calculated by a one-dimensional charging model.Then,we discussthe producing condition of the positive CG lightning and forming cause of charge structure mentioned above.