<Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar-<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar dating of lamprophyre dykes in the Baimazhai nickel deposit,Yunnan Province,China, and its geological significance

The Baimazhai nickel deposit, Yunnan Province, China, is located in the southern part of the Sanjiang （Tri-river） alkali-rich intrusive rock belt （Sanjiang ARIR）. In this paper was conducted ^40Ar-^39Ar dating of two phlogopites in lamprophyres which are, as dikes, widely distributed in the orefield, and two plateau ages were acquired, i.e., 32.46±0.62 Ma and 32.01±0.60 Ma, respectively （averaging 32.23±0.60 Ma）. The ages are obviously younger than those of the ore-hosted complex and mineralization of the Baimazhai nickel deposit. In combination with the characteristics, it is indicated that lamprophyres in the orefield and those in the Sanjiang ARIR are similar in tectonic setting, mineral assemblage and geochemistry. It is considered that lamprophyres in the orefield are the important component of the Sanjiang ARIR, and the lamprophyres and ore-hosted complex in the orefield represent the products of two times of different magmatic activity from different mantle sources. On the other hand, the age of lamprophyres in the orefield is older than that of the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt, suggesting that the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt is not the factor leading to magmatic activity of lamprophyres in the orefield, while it is more possible that magmatic activity of the Sanjiang ARIR promoted strike-slip shearing of the fault belt.     

广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及潜力评价

为了对广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及其潜力进行评价,利用广西航磁勘查数据,采用Parker-Oldenburg法反演计算了居里面深度。在此基础上进行大地热流密度值和不同埋深地温计算,发现计算结果与现有测温资料吻合,合浦盆地内西场凹陷和常乐凹陷具有干热岩资源成生条件。结合合浦盆地内基础地质调查资料和油气钻孔资料,分析了合浦盆地干热岩资源的储层和盖层条件。初步圈出2个位于西场凹陷和常乐凹陷的干热岩勘查靶区C1和C2,面积分别为167.10和72.90 km²,干热岩资源量分别为182.48×10¹⁵、77.59×10¹⁵ J。按20%的采收率,合浦盆地干热岩资源量可开采量为52.01×10¹⁵ J,折合标准煤177.48×10⁴ t,占2018年广西全区能源生产总量3 756.69×10⁴ t标准煤的4.72%。在资源量评价基础上,可优先考虑位于合浦盆地西场凹陷的C1靶区开展进一步的勘探工作。     

722岷县漳县地震地质灾害分布、特征及与影响因子间关系分析

2013年7月22日在甘肃省定西市岷县、漳县交界处发生了MS6.6级地震。此次地震造成了大量房屋、基础设施破坏以及人员伤亡,并诱发了一系列的滑坡、崩塌、不稳定斜坡等地质灾害隐患。通过现场调查和分析,对此次地震地质灾害隐患类型、分布与主要特点进行概括。利用边坡地质灾害数量和面积发育率两个统计指标,对受灾最为严重的岷县灾区的地震地质灾害分布与地形、地质、地震因子变量间关系进行分析,结果表明:(1)地震地质灾害隐患在高程为2200～2800m范围内集中分布,在0～15缓坡内分布最多,坡向为S、SW和W的斜坡在地震作用下易诱发地质灾害,坡位为中坡的边坡内分布地质灾害数量最多; (2)软弱岩层在地震作用下易发生地质灾害,区内泥盆系和二叠系板岩、灰岩岩组内分布近50%的地质灾害,面积发育率最大的则为新近系中厚层软弱泥岩、砂岩岩组。地质灾害主要沿发震断裂通过或距离较近的地方成片集中分布,地质灾害主要分布在距离发震断裂20km以内的范围内; (3)震中距和PGA与地质灾害数量对应关系不明显,但是面积发育率整体趋势是随着震中距增加而减小,随着PGA增大而增加; 地质灾害易发程度随烈度增大而增强; (4)越靠近公路和河流,地质灾害越易发生,集中分布区间分别为距公路0～800m和距河流0～600m。     

青藏高原边缘地区晚更新世人类遗存与生存模式

自20世纪80年代在青海小柴旦发现旧石器遗存以来,青藏高原边缘地区已经发现了10余处旧石器时代遗址,年代属晚更新世晚期。这些遗存显示,古人类在距今30ka左右开始尝试向这些高海拔地区扩散,但直至距今15ka以后才有更多的人群迁徙至此。通过对这些遗存分布位置、古环境特征、年代测定和石器技术、组合分析,得以管窥古人类对该地区的开发利用过程,并进而阐释史前人类技术发展、生存模式演变和古环境的耦合关系。     

储层裂缝特征测井解释方法综述

为了更好地研究裂缝性砂砾岩储层和其它裂缝性储层裂缝的测井解释问题,综述了目前在裂缝性储层裂缝测井解释中主要采用的常规评价、人工神经网络和斯通利波３类方法在识别裂缝带和定量计算储层裂缝参数两个方面的应用原理和研究现状,并指出了今后的一些研究方向。     

Emergency responses to water disasters in coalmines,China

Emergency response to water-related disasters is an important part of many coalmine operations in China. It usually consists of both incident prevention measures and rescue counter-plans. In principle, prevention is always the top priority, followed by rescue. The prevention measures relies on thorough understanding of the mine hydrogeology, correct identification of water burst risk levels, and an effective monitoring program for inundations. The emergency rescue is initiated when an accident occurs, and a rescue plan often includes a self-rescue and mutual-rescue program.     

内蒙大水清金矿带交代作用及其与金矿化关系

大水清金矿带是华北克拉通中有代表性的改造型绿岩金矿之一。它产于前东武纪绿岩地体中安家营子石英二长岩体内外接触带附近的剪切带中。金矿化交代主要受后阶段张性脆裂控制,而剪切带早阶段韧性剪切作用无明显矿化交代,后者主要为成矿交代提供有益的江游交代构造环,境即成矿交代蚀变作用和剪切带同步的两阶段演化模式。大水清金矿带的交代作用有四个阶段：即用长石化阶段,绿泥石化阶段,黄铁绢英岩化和石英－硫化物阶段以及石英－碳酸盐化阶段。第三阶段由五个亚阶段组成：即黄铁绢英岩化和强硅化－强黄铁矿化,石英－多金属硫化物交代,石英－贫扶矿充填交代和细粒黄铁矿充填交代。其中前四个亚阶段是本区金的主要成矿期．当韧性剪切转化为张性脆裂时产生的骤然扩容和伴随发生的交代体系转变为富硅体系的钾交代和石英－硫化物交代是金矿成矿的关键。本文还研究和探讨了该金矿成矿交代流体的性质及交代的物理化学环境。     

Numerical simulation on excavation-induced damage of rock under quasi-static unloading and dynamic disturbance

During the excavation of underground opening, the rock may experience a complex loading path that includes the highly confined compression before excavation, unloading of confining stress and further disturbance of dynamic loading after excavation. By using Rock Failure Process Analysis for Dynamics (RFPA-Dynamics), the failure of rock sequentially subjected to this complex loading path is numerically simulated, in order to examine the rock failure mechanism induced by excavation. The RFPA-Dynamics is firstly used to reproduce the failure of rock under confined compression, followed by unloading of confining pressure, and it is validated against with the existing experimental observation. Then, the failure characteristics of rock specimen sequentially subjected to the quasi-static triaxial loading, unloading of confining pressure and dynamic disturbance are numerically simulated, where the effect of magnitude of axial loading and confining pressure, and duration and amplitude of the dynamic disturbance on the final failure patterns of rock are examined. The numerical results indicate that the arc-shaped spalling damage zone is prone to develop with the increase in the axial pressure and lateral pressure coefficient. As for the effect of dynamic disturbance, the contribution of duration and amplitude of dynamic disturbance on the energy input are similar, where the area of damage zone increases with the energy input into the rock specimen. In this regard, the area of the damage zone is influenced by both the magnitude of in situ stress and waveform of dynamic disturbance. This study denotes that it is of great significance to trace the complex loading path induced by excavation in order to capture the rock failure mechanism induced by underground excavation.     

重力方法研究河南区域构造及控煤作用

河南地区存在三个明显的重力异常区,与其区内三个次一级的构造分区相一致,其重力异常曲线的挤压扭曲特征、剪切平移特征、张性舒展特征分别对应构造挤压变形机制、平移剪切机制及变形拉张机制。这些变形受印支、燕山及喜马拉雅期三大构造运动控制,其中印支期剥蚀及沉降程度是构成现今煤层埋藏条件的重要因素,燕山期形成河南煤田的逆冲推覆型控煤构造,喜马拉雅期构造运动,最终确立了河南煤系的展布范围及赋存状态,这表明控煤模式是构造运动的结果。     

影响海相烃源岩热解生烃过程的地质条件

热解生烃实验是研究油气生成机理与定量评价烃源岩生烃潜力的重要方法.烃源岩热解生烃模拟结果不仅与温度、压力和时间等因素有关,而且与地层孔隙水及压实成岩作用等地质因素密切相关.采用高压流体和高压釜(低压水蒸气)两种生烃热模拟方法对低成熟海相二叠统大隆组(P₂d)黑色泥岩进行了热解生烃实验模拟.对比分析两组实验结果表明地层孔隙热解实验有利于液态油的生成,不利于液态油向气态烃的转化,并极大地提高了干酪根的生油气潜力,显示了高压液态水、流体压力和孔隙空间等地质因素对烃源岩中有机质热成熟生烃反应的重要影响.这种影响可能与高压液态水的近临界特性有关,近临界特性地层水的参与改变了干酪根热力生烃反应的物理化学行为.推断在实际地质温压(100~200 ℃,30~120 MPa)条件下,烃源岩孔隙中的地层水是一种相对低温高压液态水,具有水的近临界物理化学特性,因此高压流体生烃热模拟实验与实际地层情况更为接近,能更有效地评价烃源岩生烃潜力.