A simple kriging method incorporating multiscale measurements in geochemical survey

In this study, we propose a kriging algorithm, multiscale kriging model, to incorporate geochemical data observed at multiscales (multiresolutions). We assume that there are a number of measurements at different scales, and that the target scale at which the parameter values are needed may be different from the measurement scales. Several synthetic examples and the vanadium geochemical data from 8402 stream sediment samples in Zhejiang Province, China, have been used to illustrate the method. These examples demonstrate that, by incorporating measurements from all scales, the estimated field is better than the field estimated using measurements from any individual scale. This method also allows us to estimate a parameter field at the scale that does not have any measurements.     

阳原台石英水平摆倾斜仪数字化改造

引言阳原地震台隶属于河北省地震局 ,始建于 1 975年 ,地处晋冀蒙 3省交界部位 ,阳原县城正北 1km处 ,地质构造属于桑干河断裂北侧的八棱山山前冲击扇 ,阴山、燕山和太行山构造交汇处 ,地震活动较为活跃 ,是京西北重要的专业地震监测台站。形变山洞位于台站正东 6 0 0m ,台基为玄武岩 ,为全国唯一的竖井式结构。洞室长 4 5m ,黄土覆盖层厚度为 2 0m ,洞内设有 7道密封门 ,洞室年平均温度为 1 1 .1 0℃ ,年温差小于0 .1℃ ,日温差小于 0 .0 1℃。仪器墩为混凝土墩 ,墩的尺寸为 1 .5m× 0 .8m× 0 .6m。改造前使用SQ 70石英水平摆倾斜仪进行…     

大地电场铅电极的研制

张家口地震中心台经过多次试验,成功研制了大地电场铅电极,采用新型的电极孔成孔方法及埋设技术进行了试验观测,从实验数据中可以明显看到地电场的日变形态。该电极具有制作工艺合理、电极差较小、稳定性能较好、噪声低、使用寿命长、易于保存和使用方便等特点,不仅可以满足大地电场长期定点观测的要求,还可以用于地电阻率观测,亦可作为地震电磁扰动观测中的电极传感器。铅电极应用前景广阔。     

连续电磁剖面法在古潜山构造勘探中的应用

随着电磁法勘探技术的发展 ,其应用已由传统的矿产普查工作过渡到地下异常体的目标勘探上 ,构造勘探精度也由提供构造大框架的粗放式阶段向较精细的刻画构造阶段发展。在简单介绍高密度连续电磁剖面法 (CEMP)的基础上 ,重点展示了该方法在古潜山构造勘探中的应用效果     

Minerogenetic Model for Two Types of Fluorite Deposits in Southeastern China

On the basis of the studies of field geology, strontium, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and REEgeochemistry, coupled with the dating of mineralization, the authors suggest a minerogenetic model of circula-tion and drawing of Late Cretaceous geothermal waters for the fluorite deposits in southeastern China. Thismodel includes two types of mechanism: 1) the leaching-out and drawing through deep circulation of thegeothermal water, and 2) the leaching-out and drawing through shallow circulation of the water. The fluoritemineralization of Mesozoic volcanic rock terrain is related mainly to the former mechanism, with the mineraliz-ing material coming chiefly from the Precambrian metamorphic rocks of the basement underlying the hostrocks; while that of Yanshanian granite terrain is associated with the latter mechanism, with the mineralizingmaterial derived primarily from the host granites and sedimentary rocks.     

区域群发性滑坡灾害概率预报系统

根据覆盖浙江全部陆地区域数年降雨量数据,在同时期内有明确日期、位置记录的609处滑坡(泥石流)灾害数据,通过对地质、土壤、土地利用类型、人文等资料的综合分析,研制了集GIS与ANN于一体的区域群发性滑坡灾害概率预报系统(LAPS)。该系统可以通过宽带网络与气象、水文观测等有关部门相连接,在雨季根据雨量观测站的实时观测数据和降雨预报,对全省区域范围内滑坡灾害发生概率进行快速评价,实现对灾害发生的空间范围、强度及其分布概率的实时预警预报,具有维护方便、操作简单、可视化强等特点,可以作为其它滑坡易发地区的预报系统原型。     

成矿物质来源的定量判别方法的探讨

热液矿床的成矿物质往往具有多来源性。因此，定量判别不同来源矿质的量比关系，从而正确地识别矿床的主要成矿物质来源和成因机制，是现代矿床学研究的关键性问题之一。本文给出了三元混合模式的同位素－成矿元素的比值型判别方法，并给出了金银和萤石矿床成矿物原来源的定量判别应用实例。     

Method for real-time self-calibrating GLONASS code inter-frequency bias and improvements on single point positioning

Utilization of frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) leads to GLONASS pseudorange and carrier phase observations suffering from variable levels inter-frequency bias (IFB). The bias related with carrier phase can be absorbed by ambiguities. However, the unequal code inter-frequency bias (cIFB) will degrade the accuracy of pseudorange observations, which will affect positioning accuracy and convergence of precise point positioning (PPP) when including GLONASS satellites. Based on observations made on un-differenced (UD) ionospheric-free combinations, GLONASS cIFB parameters are estimated as a constant to achieve GLONASS cIFB real-time self-calibration on a single station. A total of 23 stations, with different manufacturing backgrounds, are used to analyze the characteristics of GLONASS cIFB and its relationship with variable receiver hardware. The results show that there is an obvious common trend in cIFBs estimated using broadcast ephemeris for all of the different manufacturers, and there are unequal GLONASS inter-satellite cIFB that match brand manufacture. In addition, a particularly good consistency is found between self-calibrated receiver-dependent GLONASS cIFB and the IFB products of the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). Via a comparative experiment, it is also found that the algorithm of cIFB real-time self-calibration not only corrects receiver-dependent cIFB, but can moreover eliminate satellite-dependent cIFB, providing more stable results and further improving global navigation satellite system (GNSS) point positioning accuracy. The root mean square (RMS) improvements of single GLONASS standard point positioning (SPP) reach up to 54.18 and 53.80% in horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. The study’s GLONASS cIFB self-estimation can realize good self-consistency between cIFB and stations, working to further promote convergence efficiency relative to GPS?+?GLONASS PPP. An average improvement percentage of 19.03% is observed, realizing a near-consistent accuracy with GPS?+?GLONASS fusion PPP.     

胜利滩海石油开发工程建设模式的探讨

系统介绍了胜利滩海油田勘探开发基本情况、含油面积、生产层位、控制储量及所处的地理位置、环境条件和特点,为实现滩海边际油田的最佳经济效益,分析对比了人工岛方案和常规海洋石油开发工程建设模式基础,确立了“安全、简易、经济、高效、重视环保”工程建设指导思想,逐步探索出适应胜利滩海石油开发工程的建设模式。着重阐述了胜利滩海石油工程建设在不同发展阶段所产生的各种工程建设模式的优缺点、适应性、使用价值及其演变     

顶底角钢连接节点的低周疲劳性能分析

本文对采用顶底角钢连接的半刚性钢梁柱连接节点进行了精细的三维非线性有限元分析,在与实验数据对比的基础上,对影响该连接性能的主要参数如角钢厚度、柱翼缘连接螺栓与梁翼缘间的距离等进行了分析,得到了其弯矩-转角曲线。