多煤层储层能量垂向分布特征及控制机理

研究多煤层储层能量垂向分布特征及其决定的含气系统性质具有重要的科学意义.基于油气田地质学及煤层气开采实践将煤储层空气渗透率1×10-3 μm2(原地渗透率0.1×10-3 μm2)作为划分具有统一压力的含气系统和无统一压力的含气系统的界限值,不同性质含气系统的储层能量具有不同的表现形式.以黔西织纳钻孔实测煤岩物性为分析资料,结果显示:该区代表岩性孔渗性极差,发育于三级层序边界的煤层空气渗透率小于1×10-3 μm2,同时吸附性较强,形成无统一压力的含气系统,而其他煤层则单独形成具有统一压力的含气系统.多煤层垂向发育多套具有统一压力的含气系统时,则应优先开采侧压面较高储层能量较大的煤组段.多煤层储层能量垂向分异的决定因素是煤岩系的渗透性,其中含煤岩系酸性环境下的特殊成岩作用是岩层物性变差的主要因素.发育于最大海泛面附近的煤层镜质组分多,孔渗性较好,易于形成具有统一压力的含气系统.现代构造应力场大小是影响煤层渗透性的大小的重要因素.六盘水多煤层为典型的无统一压力的含气系统,而织纳部分区域含煤层组或单煤层为具有统一压力的含气系统.     

南海大鹏湾海洋卡盾藻赤潮发生的环境背景

根据１９９１年２－３月，大鹏湾盐田水域的理化、水文、气象、海况的动态变化和大鹏湾底泥中发现海洋卡盾藻孢囊的事实，从生态学的角度分析并提出了１９９１年３月２０－２１日发生在大鹏湾盐田水域的海洋卡盾藻赤潮形成过程和机理。分析结果认为，此次赤潮应从３月７－１０日的水温急升而引发的孢囊一齐萌芽开始，此后在东南风引起的表层风海流作用下，营养细胞逐渐在湾西北部的盐田水域聚集，而１６－１９日水 营养盐和金属元素     

新疆艾比湖流域河湖水质变化(2005—2020年)

艾比湖流域是西北地区重要的生态屏障,维持着该地区乃至整个新疆北部的生态平衡.艾比湖流域水环境的好坏关系着当地经济和流域的可持续发展.然而,针对艾比湖流域长期水质变化、营养状况和健康风险的研究较少,故基于艾比湖流域2005-2020年12个断面长时间序列的监测数据,利用加拿大水质指数(Canadian water qua...     

地震台站手机平台电源监控系统

在分析地震台站电源监控必要性基础上,设计一种基于手机平台的实时电源监视和控制系统,用于台站日常观测、应急避雷或设备启动复位等操作。本文介绍了该装置的基本原理、硬件构成及STC90C51RC单片机的C51程序设计和下位机的VB程序设计。在怀来地震台的实际应用效果说明,短信控制具有方便快捷,反馈及时的特点,适用于地震前兆台站日常管理和仪器维护。     

煤层气径向井井眼轨迹特征与监测方法

为查明径向井分支在煤层中的施工轨迹是否与设计轨迹一致,保障煤储层的增透改造效果。采用地面小型试验与现场测试相结合的手段,先对煤储层径向井井眼轨迹的影响因素展开研究,并基于电位法监测技术分析该方法用于煤层气径向井轨迹监测的可行性,在此基础上建立了基于电位法的煤储层径向井井眼轨迹监测方法与工艺,并进行现场监测分析。研究结果表明,煤层中径向井井眼轨迹主要受原始裂隙、地应力、结构薄弱面等因素共同控制,导致煤层气径向井在喷射施工过程中井眼方位通常会发生不同程度的偏转,角度在15°~30°间,径向井分支长度也均小于设计的喷射长度。电位法煤层气径向井轨迹监测方法可以清晰地监测到方位、长度等径向井轨迹参数的变化情况,研究结果可以有效地指导煤储层径向井的设计与施工。     

Mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence of Gold, Silver and Bismuth of the Caijiaying Lead-Zine-Silver Deposit, Hebei Province

The deposit under study is a hydrothermal filling-metasomatic vein type lead-zinc-silver deposit, in whichgold and silver can be recovered as by-products. These metals mainly occur as microgranular native gold,electrum, stephanite, acanthite, pyraragyrite, freibergite, and native silver. Gold minerals tend to be associatedwith galenobismutite, native bismuth and unnamed Bi_2Te. They are either enclosed in pyrite, marmatite,iron-bearing sphalerite and galens or fill the microfissures of these minerals. Silver minerals usually occur incleavages or fissures of galena, marmatite and pyrite, but are not associated with gold and bismuth minerals.Gold and silver mineralizations occurred later than lead and zinc, while the silver mineralization was precededby that of gold.     

Short-Term Dynamic Radar Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Based on Wavelet Transform and Support Vector Machine

Currently, Doppler weather radar in China is generally used for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) based on the Z-R relationship. However, the estimation error for mixed precipitation is very large. In order to improve the accuracy of radar QPE, we propose a dynamic radar QPE algorithm with a 6-min interval that uses the reflectivity data of Doppler radar Z9002 in the Shanghai Qingpu District and the precipitation data at automatic weather stations (AWSs) in East China. Considering the time dependence and abrupt changes of precipitation, the data during the previous 30-min period were selected as the training data. To reduce the complexity of radar QPE, we transformed the weather data into the wavelet domain by means of the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) in order to extract high and low-frequency reflectivity and precipitation information. Using the wavelet coefficients, we constructed a support vector machine (SVM) at all scales to estimate the wavelet coefficient of precipitation. Ultimately, via inverse wavelet transformation, we obtained the estimated rainfall. By comparing the results of the proposed method (SWT-SVM) with those of Z = 300 × R1.4, linear regression (LR), and SVM, we determined that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the SWT-SVM method was 0.54 mm per 6 min and the average Threat Score (TS) could exceed 40% with the exception of the downpour category, thus remaining at a high level. Generally speaking, the SWT-SVM method can effectively improve the accuracy of radar QPE and provide an auxiliary reference for actual meteorological operational forecasting.     

浙江硅土及其开发应用

本文对浙江首次发现的余杭硅土矿的地质、矿物特征以及物理化学性质作了简要叙述，并概括了硅土、粉石英、硅藻土的基本特征与区别。对浙江硅土的研究与开发应用实践表明，硅土是一种优质的矿物（岩石）填料充填剂、颜料增强剂，已被橡胶、塑料、油漆涂料等工业作填料使用。在橡胶制品中可替代轻质碳酸钙和部分高耐磨碳黑；合成塑料中替代活性碳酸钙、活性硅灰石等；在油漆中替代沉淀硫酸钡和滑石粉。用硅土作填料，具有提高产品的性能和质量，可降低生产成本，增强企业活力。     

煤储层固—液—气相间作用的等温吸附实验研究

在介绍体积法等温吸附实验原理的基础上，阐述了平衡水煤样等温吸附实验方法，重点探讨了煤的注水实验和注水煤样的等温吸附实验技术，讨论了等温吸附实验结果的信息提取和意义。研究表明：液态水对煤基质吸附气体有显著影响，作用机理与甲烷气体同时运动于气液界面和固气界面之间有关。