“鹰眼”雷电预警系统在地震台站的应用

地震观测仪器防雷击是保证仪器正常工作的首要难题之一。目前,虽然很多台站对仪器做了多级保护的防雷工作,但未起到提前有效的防护作用。本文介绍的"鹰眼"雷电预警系统主要实时监视一定尺度空间的电场值和雷电波,当系统监测值达到设定的预警条件参数,则自动报警,可提前切断仪器与外界的连接,有效预防雷击。     

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电子出版系统中的地图设计

计算机制图与地理信息系统技术的发展 ,形成了计算机制图编辑设计、制印一体化生产体系 ,同时也显示出电子出版系统的优势。电子出版系统在发展中也给地图设计带来一些误区。     

游客对肢体残障人士出游的态度差异——人口统计学特征影响的混合研究

基于出游障碍理论框架,于2019—2020年问卷调查308名游客和开放式访谈13位肢残人士,运用混合研究方法,识别游客对肢残人士出游的态度,并分析游客人口统计学特征对肢残人士出游态度的影响差异。结果表明：（1）游客认同社会公众态度是阻碍肢残人士出游的最重要因素,大部分游客对接触肢残游客不存在顾虑,但介意一同出游。（2）游客对肢残人士出游的具体态度包括出游意义认同、出游环境改善、其他人群的友好态度、交流愿望与自信以及拒绝心理。（3）年龄对游客态度影响最大,表现为负向影响交流愿望与自信、正向影响拒绝心理;游客受教育程度、职业、性别分别对交流愿望与自信、拒绝心理、出游环境改善的态度有显著影响。访谈资料有效解释了大部分定量分析结果,但在受教育程度对游客态度的影响方面,得出的结果与定量分析相反。     

化探数据处理的新技术

本文论述了一种新的空间点数据处理系统（ＮＡＳＳＤ）在化探数据处理扣的应用效果，以ＮＡＳＳＤ处理平均采样密度为每１５０００ｋｍ＾２一个，样品总数为５２９个泛滥平原沉积物数据，制作 的中国铜和银地球化学图，可以较清晰地指示出中国已知大型，超大型铜和银矿床的分布，以传统的数据处理方法无论是处理上述的极低密度采样数据处理还是每１ｋｍ＾２～５０ｋｍ＾２一个的区域水系沉积物测量数据，在制作（以相同含量间隔表示     

Ore-forming material sources of the Baiyangping Cu-Co-Ag polymetallic deposit in the Lanping Basin,western Yunnan Province

The ore-forming material sources of the Baiyangping copper-cobalt-silver polymetallic deposit have been studied in view of the S, Pb, C, O and H isotopic characteristics and the ratio of Co/Ni of cobaltite. The results showed that sulfur in metallic sulfides may have come from a mixed sulfur-source consisting of the sulfur-source from metamorphic rocks in the basin basement with basic volcanic rocks and the sulfur-source from basin sulfates; lead in the ores was provided by the sedimentary rocks and basement rocks; CO2 in ore-forming fluids was derived from thermolysis of altered and normal marine facies carbonates and decarboxylation of sedimentary organic matter respectively; the ore-forming fluids belong to the SO4-Cl-Na-Ca-type basin thermal brines derived from paleo-meteoric waters; cobalt in the deposit may also be derived from the metamorphic rocks in the basin basement with basic volcanic rocks.     

地统计法支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物粒径趋势分析

在北部湾东部海域采集表层沉积物71 个, 通过粒度分析获得其粒度参数(平均粒径、分选系数、偏态), 用克里格插值法将不规则采样站位的粒度参数内插为规则网格分布的相应粒度参数。采用地统计法分析其空间相关性, 计算度量空间相关性范围的参数, 即半方差图中的变程值。结果表明, 使用地统计分析获得的粒度参数变程值物理意义较为明确, 可作为粒径趋势分析模型的特征距离, 其中分选系数变程值作为特征距离的计算结果与前人的海流、沉积物输运信息更为吻合; 这在一定程度上消除了传统方法(试算法或经验估计法) 获取特征 距离可能造成的模型计算误差。采用不同间距插值时得到的粒径趋势矢量具有不同的空间分 辨率, 其中高分辨率的细化图所反映的海底沉积物净输运趋势与余流和环流等所反映的沉积物输运细节特征吻合较好, 低分辨率的概化图可大致反映该区域沉积物的总体输运趋势。地统计分析的结果对未来研究工作中采样间距的选取也具有指导意义。     

中国北方主要坚果类淀粉粒形态对比

近年,考古学家发现坚果类植物在农业起源中曾占有很重要的地位。为了对考古器物上附着的淀粉粒进行鉴定,我们对中国北方现代主要坚果类栗属（Castanea）中的板栗（C.mollisima）、栎属（Quercus）中的槲树（Q.dentata）、槲栎（Q.aliena）、麻栎（Q.acutissima）、栓皮栎（Q.viriabilis）、蒙古栎（Q.mongolicus）和胡桃属（Juglans）中的胡桃楸（J.mandshurica）共7个样品进行了淀粉粒形态对比分析,以求为建立北方坚果类淀粉粒的鉴定标准积累资料。实验结果发现,除胡桃楸未发现淀粉物质以外,其他6个样品的淀粉粒不仅可以与其他科、属进行区分,甚至在一定程度上还可以进行种间的区分。板栗的脐点是闭合的,有层纹,无裂隙;   麻栎脐点是偏心的;   槲树栓皮栎的淀粉粒近乎80％都具有裂隙特征,但栓皮栎的淀粉粒中会出现横裂隙和相当数量的星形裂隙而只有槲树的淀粉粒才具有相当数量的纵向裂隙;   蒙古栎的淀粉也大多具有裂隙（70％）而且纵向型裂隙占主要地位,但是蒙古栎淀粉粒表面有细密的放射线;   60％的槲栎淀粉粒不具有裂隙特征。所有样品的淀粉粒均由大小不一的各种卵圆形组成,而且6个样品的长轴最大值（约20μm）和6个样品的平均值（约10μm）都非常接近。     

Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, China

Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain in northern Zhejiang Province, located between the Yangtze and Qiantang Rivers, is one of the regions where economic development is most rapid in China. Geological and hydrogeological surveys reveal a multi-layered aquifer system beneath the plain, which includes Holocene phreatic water layers and Pleistocene confined aquifers. Based on the historical records of groundwater extraction, groundwater levels, and ground settlement from 1964 to 2000, it is shown that ground subsidence has resulted from the continuously increasing extraction of groundwater from deep confined aquifers, and that the evolution of land subsidence can be characterized by a multifractal model. Based on this model, a set of empirical power-law relations have been established between: the land subsidence velocity and the annual groundwater extraction; groundwater drawdown and the annual land subsidence velocity; and the amount of land subsidence and the associated area of land. A set of indices are proposed for evaluating dynamic evolution of groundwater exploitation and land subsidence for the Hang-Jia-Hu Plain, from which the critical degree of evolution of land subsidence in the near future can be estimated using data on groundwater exploitation and water level changes.

Application of a water infiltration model for simulating water repellency of humus soil

One-dimensional infiltration experiments were conducted using hydrophilic and water-repellent soils from the Guishui River Basin to study the effects of soil water repellency on cumulative infiltration (CI) and the infiltration rate (IR). The test results show that, for the hydrophilic soil (HS) sample, CI increases monotonously with time and IR decreases monotonously. For the water-repellent soil (W-RS), however, the following characteristics were observed: (a) There is an inflection point in CI and a sudden increase in IR. Larger values of the initial soil water content produce an earlier and more significant inflection point in CI, and a larger peak value of IR. (b) The post-peak stable IR is greater than the pre-peak value, ignoring the beginning of rapid infiltration, and the overall IR presents a single peak. The applicability of various water infiltration models was analysed for the two soil types. Numerical analysis suggests the following conclusions: (a) For both HS and W-RS, the Kostiakov function, Gamma function, and Beta function (BF) models exhibit good applicability. (b) For W-RS, the Gauss function model not only reflects the monotonous decrease in IR, but also produces a steady IR in the initial stage, a gradual increase before the peak value, and a gradual decrease after the peak value. Similarly, the BF model reflects the monotonous decrease in IR. A piecewise BF reproduces the U-shaped change in rapid infiltration before the inflection point, as well as the gradual increase and right-skewed distribution curve of W-RS infiltration before and after the inflection point. The BF model achieves the best simulation accuracy and has the widest applicability.