砂岩油藏孔隙压力的测井解释方法

以大庆油田砂岩渗透性油藏为例，从砂岩油藏自然电位测井原理出发，依据过滤电位形成机理建立了通用的压力解释数学模型，应用测井数据对油层进行孔隙压力解释。编制自动扫描软件，在测井现场打印孔隙压力剖面，也可以进行室内解释。该方法具有计算精度高、生成速度快、可操作性强等特点，为钻井工艺设计提供了必要的压力资料，在油田开发调整方面也具有一定的实际意义。     

不同景观区的岩石地球化学勘查方法研究

通过不同景观区岩石测量方法技术研究,提出了以岩屑测量、构造岩石地球化学测量、脉岩地球化学测量和面型岩石地球化学为主体的岩石地球化学测量技术方法系统。在森林覆盖区和风成沙干扰区以及残山戈壁区等浅覆盖区域可采用岩屑测量圈定矿化地段;在岩石裸露区和已开采的矿山采用构造岩石裂隙测量和脉岩测量追踪深部盲矿;面型岩石测量以一定面积的网格采集单元组合样,其具有样品采集和分析数量少、获取信息量大、可圈定不同尺度的找矿靶区的优点。     

石质文物风化病害防治的环境地质问题

石质文物的风化病害防治必须重视对地质环境的研究 ,地质环境的研究是彻底根治风化病害的前提。论述了风化病害的类型和机理 ,讨论了影响风化的主要环境因素和环境地质问题 ,提出了风化病害防治的原则与对策。     

兰州-民和盆地第四纪地层学研究

在野外调查和室内分析的基础上,对兰州-民和盆地的晚新生代地层和环境进行了较系统的研究,对第四纪地层进行了地貌学、岩石学、年代学、土壤地层学和古气候学研究,查明了研究区各地貌单元形成时代与物质组成特点、侵蚀期与堆积期的旋回过程及黄土中1.9MaB.P.以来磁化率与古气候、古土壤事件(S26-S0)、古气候演化的周期(45ka、100ka)、特点和黄土中15万年以来短尺度气候事件(H1-9及DO1-10).     

西沙永兴岛降水的酸度及其化学组成

本文对1987年5月在西沙永兴岛的雨水采样进行了分析。在西南季风盛行初期,副热带高压控制下的孤立分散的积雨云降水中,采集了雨量大于0.1mm的5次降雨。采样点设在西沙气象台二楼平台上,距海面约13m,向西距海岸边约70余米;每次采样用一直径45cm的塑料盆(用去离子水冲洗3次),现场测定pH值和电导率,水样装入洁净的聚乙烯塑料瓶中存入冰箱。同期,每隔一周     

Visibility trends in six megacities in China 1973–2007

The particulate matter pollution has been serious in Chinese megacities due to the rapidly expanding economic and industrial developments, which has significant influences in atmospheric visibility. Visibility is a highly relevant factor indicating the level of atmospheric quality, and is inversely related to the optical extinction coefficient caused by gas and particle phases. In our study, visibility trends for six major megacities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an) in China were evaluated during 1973–2007 on the basis of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) database using four measurement methods: the days per year of daily visibility < 10 km, the days per year of daily visibility > 19 km, the annual mean visibility, and the dry extinction coefficient. The annual and seasonal change trends of visibility for each city were analyzed by using a linear regression model. The annual mean visibilities for the six cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an) were 10.67, 8.60, 10.76, 8.59, 8.16, and 9.74 km respectively. Shenyang has experienced a significant increasing trend during the entire time series while visibilities for other five sites showed decreasing trends especially since the middle of 1990s. In the southern and midwestern regions (Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Xi'an), visibility was best in summer, whereas in the northern regions (Beijing and Shenyang), visibility was best in spring. Mean visibility in spring was worst at Guangzhou, while for the other five cities visibility in winter was worst, probably because of coal burning during the heating period. The general degradation of visibility in these megacities was probably due to the excess aerosol loading. Consequently, an urgent targeted reduction of aerosol pollution may be needed for the sake of better air quality in Chinese megacities.     

Dynamics of the boreal summer African monsoon in the NSIPP1 atmospheric model

A nine-member ensemble of simulations with a state-of-the-art atmospheric model forced only by the observed record of sea surface temperature (SST) over 1930–2000 is shown to capture the dominant patterns of variability of boreal summer African rainfall. One pattern represents variability along the Gulf of Guinea, between the equator and 10°N. It connects rainfall over Africa to the Atlantic marine Intertropical Convergence Zone, is controlled by local, i.e., eastern equatorial Atlantic, SSTs, and is interannual in time scale. The other represents variability in the semi-arid Sahel, between 10°N and 20°N. It is a continental pattern, capturing the essence of the African summer monsoon, while at the same time displaying high sensitivity to SSTs in the global tropics. A land–atmosphere feedback associated with this pattern translates precipitation anomalies into coherent surface temperature and evaporation anomalies, as highlighted by a simulation where soil moisture is held fixed to climatology. As a consequence of such feedback, it is shown that the recent positive trend in surface temperature is consistent with the ocean-forced negative trend in precipitation, without the need to invoke the direct effect of the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases. We advance plausible mechanisms by which the balance between land–ocean temperature contrast and moisture availability that defines the monsoon could have been altered in recent decades, resulting in persistent drought. This discussion also serves to illustrate ways in which the monsoon may be perturbed, or may already have been perturbed, by anthropogenic climate change.     

A Review of Coastal Fog Microphysics During C-FOG

Boundary-Layer Meteorology - Our goal is to provide an overview of the microphysical measurements made during the C-FOG (Toward Improving Coastal Fog Prediction) field project. In addition, we...