一种基于最优三角剖分的多分辨率地表描述结构

在Guibas平面剖分算法的基础上,采用一种称之为Delaunaypyramid的塔型分层结构模型来近似描述二维半地形表面,该模型能够记录离散高程点数据集的每个子集在XOY平面的最优三角剖分,对于地形数据压缩和多细节层次化描述有很大的便利。同时文中也分析了采用这种结构的内存开销和时间复杂度,讨论了离散数据点定位的方法,并运用该结构交互生成三维地形。     

海原4. 9级地震前兆异常和预报

1998年7月在宁夏回族自治区海原县发生4. 9级地震,震前根据所掌握的资料和对异常的分析认识,宁夏地震局作出了趋势、中期及一定程度的临震预报,宁夏固原地震台和宁夏固原行署地震局作出了临震预报。对这次地震的地震序列特点、发震构造和震后趋势判断依据及前兆异常的演化过程,特别是对临震异常进行了分析研究,并对预报中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Decadal-Scale Climate and Ecosystem Interactions in the North Pacific Ocean

Decadal-scale climate variations in the Pacific Ocean wield a strong influence on the oceanic ecosystem. Two dominant patterns of large-scale SST variability and one dominant pattern of large-scale thermocline variability can be explained as a forced oceanic response to large-scale changes in the Aleutian Low. The physical mechanisms that generate this decadal variability are still unclear, but stochastic atmospheric forcing of the ocean combined with atmospheric teleconnections from the tropics to the midlatitudes and some weak ocean-atmosphere feedbacks processes are the most plausible explanation. These observed physical variations organize the oceanic ecosystem response through large-scale basin-wide forcings that exert distinct local influences through many different processes. The regional ecosystem impacts of these local processes are discussed for the Tropical Pacific, the Central North Pacific, the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension, the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and the California Current System regions in the context of the observed decadal climate variability. The physical ocean-atmosphere system and the oceanic ecosystem interact through many different processes. These include physical forcing of the ecosystem by changes in solar fluxes, ocean temperature, horizontal current advection, vertical mixing and upwelling, freshwater fluxes, and sea ice. These also include oceanic ecosystem forcing of the climate by attenuation of solar energy by phytoplankton absorption and atmospheric aerosol production by phytoplankton DMS fluxes. A more complete understanding of the complicated feedback processes controlling decadal variability, ocean ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycling requires a concerted and organized long-term observational and modeling effort. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

松江鲈肌酸激酶的基因克隆、表达与功能分析

前期蛋白质质谱分析发现,松江鲈（Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel）经鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）刺激后,其皮肤黏液中的肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）的表达明显上调。目前,肌酸激酶在鱼类中的功能研究尚未深入开展。本文利用RACE技术克隆获得了松江鲈CK基因的全长cDNA序列（命名为TfM-CK）。TfM-CK基因的cDNA全长为1 474 bp,开放阅读框为1 146 bp,编码381个氨基酸。序列比对分析显示,TfM-CK序列高度保守。实时荧光定量PCR显示,TfM-CK mRNA广泛表达于松江鲈各组织,在肌肉中的相对表达量最高,其次为血液。鳗弧菌刺激后,TfM-CK mRNA在肌肉、皮肤、脾脏和头肾中均上调表达。其中,脾脏中的表达量高达对照组的900多倍。原核重组表达纯化的TfM-CK （rTfM-CK）蛋白酶活测定实验结果显示,重组蛋白的酶活为22.0 U/mg。rTfM-CK对鳗弧菌、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）和金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）有较强的凝集作用。由以上实验结果推测,TfM-CK可能通过细菌凝集作用参与到了松江鲈抵抗病原菌的先天免疫防御过程中。本研究为认识鱼类肌酸激酶的功能及其在病原菌防御过程中的分子免疫机制机制提供了参考。     

Twenty years of ocean observations with China Argo

The international Argo program, a global observational array of nearly 4 000 autonomous profiling floats initiated in the late 1990s, which measures the water temperature and salinity of the upper 2 000 m of the global ocean, has revolutionized oceanography. It has been recognized one of the most successful ocean observation systems in the world. Today, the proposed decade action “OneArgo” for building an integrated global, full-depth, and multidisciplinary ocean observing array for beyond 2020 ...     

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利用小波重构合成地震波方法及特性研究

针对傅里叶变换合成地震波理论的不足,提出一种利用小波重构合成地震波的方法. 以控制频带能量为标准,推导了合成地震波的公式. 运用抗震设计规范中的相关设计参数合成了地震波,并分析研究了在合成地震波时小波函数基的选取方法和阻尼比对合成结果的影响. 结果表明,用小波重构合成的地震波能够反应地震波基本特性和场地特征周期,并具有很好的时频非平稳性.      

输出近百纳焦耳脉冲能量的光子晶体光纤锁模激光器

设计并搭建了一种支持百纳焦耳量级的单脉冲能量输出的锁模光纤激光器.激光器基于σ型腔结构,采用掺Yb偏振型大模场面积光子晶体光纤作为增益介质,利用半导体可饱和吸收镜实现自启动锁模.激光器内没有色散补偿机理,使其工作在全正色散锁模状态.通过在谐振腔内引入多通长腔使激光器的重复频率降低至11.1 MHz,直接获得了平均功率为1.08 W,单脉冲能量为 97 nJ,脉冲宽度为4.17 ps的稳定锁模脉冲输出,经腔外色散补偿,脉冲宽度压缩至740 fs.     

Changes in reference evapotranspiration over China during 1960–2012: Attributions and relationships with atmospheric circulation

This study investigates reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) trends in China from 1960 to 2012 based on the Penman–Monteith equation and gridded meteorological measurements. Under the combined impacts of factors influencing ET₀ (i.e., net radiation [RN], mean temperature [TAVE], vapour pressure deficit [VPD], and wind speed [WND]), both seasonal and annual ET₀ for the whole China and more than half of the grids decreased over the past 53 years. The attribution analyses suggest that for the whole China, the WND is responsible for annual and seasonal ET₀ decreases (excluding summer, where RN is responsible). Across China, the annual cause of WND with the largest spatial extent (43.1% of grids) mainly derives from north of the Changjiang River Basin (CJRB), whereas VPD (RN) as a cause is dispersedly distributed (within and to the south of the CJRB). In summer, RN is dominant in more than half of the grids, but the dominance of VPD and WND accounts for approximately 90% of grids during the remaining seasons. Finally, the correlation coefficients between ET₀ and the Atlantic Oscillation (AO), North AO, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices with different lead times are calculated. For the whole China, annual and seasonal ET₀ always significantly correlate with these indices (excluding the IOD) but with varied lead times. Additionally, near half of the grids show significant and maximum (i.e., the largest one between ET₀ and a certain index with a lead time of 0–3 seasons) correlation coefficients of ET₀ with PDO in spring and summer, ENSO in autumn, and AO in winter. This study is not only significant for understanding ET₀ changes, but it also provides preliminary and fundamental reference information for ET₀ prediction.     

雷电灾害风险评估中损失量的量化分析

为了更好地做好雷电灾害风险评估,减少雷电带来的损失风险,提出了对雷电灾害风险评估标准中损失量的量化方法。一种方法是基于年雷暴日的量化,另一种方法是利用闪电定位资料,采用了多元回归分析对损失量进行量化,回归试验结果表明:F分布高度显著,相关系数平方可达0.7569。后一种量化方法比前一种量化方法造成的相对误差更小,因此利用年雷暴日量化分析仍存在不足,而基于闪电资料的量化分析更能科学地量化损失量,进而为精细化的雷电灾害风险评估提供科学的参考依据。