黄山地区汛期(5-9月)降水时空特征

用谱分析、连续小波变换和经验正交(EOF)分解分析了黄山地区近45年来汛期(5—9月)降水序列时空分布特征。结果表明:黄山地区整体上都有3～4年和16～20年旱涝显著周期,另外其西北部还有10年左右旱涝周期,目前黄山地区正处于45年来第三个干旱期中。从EOF分解的空间第一模态看出,黄山地区降水空间分布与黄山山脉走向紧密相连,并可分为中西部型、南部型、东北部型三个主要类型。     

双齿围沙蚕Perinereis aibuhitensis繁殖的生态

本文研究了栖息于厦门杏林海区的双齿围沙蚕的繁殖习性等。结果表明,其繁殖期出现在每年2～5月,3月末至4月初为繁殖高峰期;雌雄性比为1∶1.7;卵径为186～214μm;胚胎发育经担轮幼虫、膜内疣足幼虫、疣足幼虫和刚节幼虫而达稚虫。幼虫和幼体的体节(X_1)与体长(Y_1)的回归方程为Y_1=139.77X_1-24.62;幼虫的生长特性为Y_2=323.40X_2~(0.35);幼虫和幼体的实验表明,亚心形扁藻是较好的饵料;疣足幼虫对海水的适宜比重为1.010～1.025;幼虫的生长速度随着投饵密度的增加而加快;在幼虫培养期间应铺以泥沙底质为佳。     

PIC16F877A在新型质子旋进磁力仪中的应用

受制于当时微电子技术的发展,传统质子磁力仪存在电路复杂、元器件分立过多等不足之处,在确保观测原理不变的情况下,选取PIC16F877A作为主控芯片应用于新型质子旋进磁力仪中。介绍了整体的硬软件设计,同时与加拿大GEM公司生产的DiDd三分量磁力仪测量数据进行比较,结果显示在测量精度及准确度上两者非常接近,新型质子旋力进磁仪具有很好的稳定性和抗干扰性,达到了预期的效果。     

陕西苹果农用天气预报探索与实践

利用陕西29个苹果基地县40年气象资料和7个代表站10年苹果物候观测资料,结合苹果生长发育适宜气象条件与气象灾害指标,选取天气状况、气温、空气相对湿度、风速等主要气象因子,运用农业气象基本原理和农业气象统计方法,综合评估农业气象资源匹配和灾害影响,研究开发了苹果生育期主要气象灾害、主要农事活动和生长气象条件适宜性等一系列农用天气预报产品,在果业生产管理和防灾减灾中发挥了积极作用。并结合业务服务提出了深化农用天气预报服务的建议和设想。     

Investigation of ionospheric TEC changes related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake based on statistic analysis and signal detection

Ionospheric TEC (total electron content) time series are derived from GPS measurements at 13 stations around the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Defining anomaly bounds for a sliding window by quartile and 2-standard deviation of TEC values, this paper analyzed the characteristics of ionospheric changes before and after the destructive event. The Neyman-Pearson signal detection method is employed to compute the probabilities of TEC abnormalities. Result shows that one week before the Wenchuan earthquake, ionospheric TEC over the epicenter and its vicinities displays obvious abnormal disturbances, most of which are positive anomalies. The largest TEC abnormal changes appeared on May 9, three days prior to the seismic event. Signal detection shows that the largest possibility of TEC abnormity on May 9 is 50.74%, indicating that ionospheric abnormities three days before the main shock are likely related to the preparation process of the M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.     

椎管内肿瘤的高场MRI诊断

目的：观察市场ＭＲＩ地椎管内病变的诊断价值和影像特点。方法：回顾分析２５例椎客内肿瘤（髓内肿瘤７便,髓外人肿瘤１１例,硬膜外肿瘤７例）。结果：肿瘤最长径０．３￣１１ｃｍ,改天在颈胸段肿瘤（１７例）定位准确率为１００％,但马尾部肿瘤起地髓内外的判断有有一定的困难（７５％）,对椎管内肿瘤及明确病史转移瘤的定性确率达８４％。增强扫描有助于反映出椎管肿瘤特征及与周围结构关系。：结论：高场ＭＲ濉有更高的组织     

根系分隔对小麦玉米套作田土壤水分状况的影响

2009年3-10月通过田间试验研究了小麦玉米套作田塑料薄膜隔根（PW/C）、尼龙网隔根（NW/C）、不隔根（W/C）及单作玉米（C）和单作小麦（W）的土壤水分状况。结果表明：以单作小麦、单作玉米加权平均为对照,W/C、NW/C和PW/C处理分别显著提高经济产量33.60 %、26.93%和24.69%,增大耗水量-0.2%、1.02%和6.69%,显著提高水分利用效率34.93%、26.67%和17.80%。W/C处理较NW/C和PW/C处理分别提高经济产量5.25%和7.14%,降低耗水量1.21%和6.64%,提高水分利用效率6.52%和14.54%。小麦玉米共生期,土壤水分在套作群体组分间能够优化分配,根系分隔显著降低了作物群体产量及对土壤水分的利用效率。     

新疆包古图斑岩铜矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源——来自硫、氢和氧同位素证据

包古图大型斑岩铜矿位于准噶尔盆地西缘。铜矿化主要呈浸染状、细脉浸染状分布于似斑状(石英)闪长岩、闪长玢岩、隐爆角砾岩和少量花岗闪长岩中。依据矿脉的穿插关系和矿物组合,成矿过程经历了黑云母-钾长石-钠长石阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和石英碳酸盐阶段。矿脉中石英的δDSMOW值介于-107‰～-86‰,δ18OSMOW值变化于11.3‰～16.2‰,δ18OH2O值为4.4‰～9.3‰,表明成矿流体来源为深源的岩浆水。硫化物的δ34S值介于-5.1‰～0.7‰,平均为-1.8‰,表明硫来源于深部岩浆或地幔。结合Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ号含矿岩体锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄及辉钼矿Re-Os年龄,推断包古图铜矿床成矿作用发生在晚石炭世,与中酸性斑岩体的侵入有密切成因关系。     

Inversions,and fog,stratus and cumulus formation in warm air over cooler water

Two aspects of convection over oceans are discussed and the following conclusions are derived from theoretical considerations.

1. The air layer over the sea will usually convect even when the water surface is ten degrees or more colder than the initial air temperature.
2. An inversion at stratus cloud tops is created by the stratus, and is not a necessary preexisting condition. Such inversions persist after subsidence evaporates the cloud.
3. Radiation heat exchange does not play an essential role in stratus formation or maintenance, and can either heat or cool the cloud.
4. Dry air convection does not erode inversions at the top of the convecting layer. Examples of soundings are discussed.
5. Fogs are most likely to form at sea where the water is coolest, and need no radiation effects to initiate cooling, or a boost from patches of warmer water, to begin convection.
6. Both stratus cloud growth, and the evaporation of clouds by cloud top entrainment, readjust the vertical structure of the air to leave a constant wet-bulb potential temperature with height.

These conclusions are supported by, firstly, a convective model which has been developed and which shows that vapor-driven convection over the ocean will proceed with zero or negative heat fluxes, at rates which saturate the lowest layer of the atmosphere in a few hours to altitudes of many tens of meters. Secondly, the availability of condensed moisture at the top of the surface layer cools the warmer entrained overlying dry air parcels so that when they descend they are no warmer than the sea surface temperature, and this induces downward moving plumes. This occurs if the wet-bulb potential temperature of the overlying air is less than the sea surface temperature, even if it is ten degrees C, or more, warmer in actual temperature.     

2019年老挝MS6.0地震临震射出长波辐射变化研究

计算2019年11月21日老挝 M_S6.0 地震前后(2019年10月16日—12月15日)震中位置(19.50°N,101.35°E)的潮汐变化。发震时刻引潮力处于高相位点附近,显示引潮力的诱震作用属于典型正断层走滑作用类型。以此引潮力变化周期的各低相位点时间(10月28日、11月13日、11月27日)分别为背景,计算研究区(13°N～23°N,99°E～109°E)范围内,NOAA射出长波辐射数据产品(OLR)各引潮力周期时段长波辐射异常分布及变化。结果显示,无震时的引潮力变化的A、C周期,震中附近无OLR变化; 发震的引潮力变化B周期,该地区震前OLR仅震中发生了显著而连续异常变化过程: 在空间上OLR异常分布在老挝北部NE-SW走向的奠边府断裂带上,且与震中位置高度吻合,经历了起始增强—异常增强—峰值—减弱—发震—平静的演化过程,与岩石应力加载破裂演化即初始微动破裂—扩张破裂—应力闭锁—地震暴发—平静各阶段力学过程相同; 表明天体引潮力对达到临界状态的活跃断层有触发作用,OLR异常则是地震构造应力应变活动过程的辐射表征。