How does the water–rock interaction of marly rocks affect its mechanical properties in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China?

Marly rock is a sensitive rock group of landslides in the Three Gorges reservoir area, China. It is composed predominantly of carbonate and clay minerals, water–rock interaction (WRI) of which could activate landslides in the reservoir area. To study the mechanism by which WRI affects the mechanical properties of marly rock, samples were collected from two boreholes (depth 301.78 and 307.14 m) and slope surface. Then, laboratory tests were designed to study the quantitative relationship between mineral contents and mechanical properties of intact rock, to analyze both change process of mineral composition and microstructure under short-term and long-term WRI. Finally, the change in mechanical properties and its effect on slope stability are suggested. This study indicates that the uniaxial compressive strength and Poisson ratio can be estimated by linear regression equations: (1) σ _c = 8.959 × (C/Q) ? 0.744 × CM + 58.516; (2) μ = 0.014 × (C/Q) ? 0.001 × CM + 0.234. The chemical reactions of WRI mainly included dissolution and ion exchange. On the slope surface, dissolution mainly acts on calcite, illite, dolomite, feldspar and other minerals dissolved in water. Underground, both chemical reactions of dissolution and ion exchange easily approach equilibrium with long-term seepage. Small-size minerals and micropores damage the stable microstructure of marly rock. These changes of minerals and microstructure can trigger shallow slope failure and develop deep creep deformation along some crash zones in the reservoir shoreline.     

新一代天气雷达CINRAD/CC接收系统典型故障分析与处理

分析CINRAD/CC雷达接收系统工作原理,给出了CINRAD/CC雷达接收系统关键点参数表,介绍了雷达接收系统常用的故障分析方法,通过对接收系统故障现象、故障原因分析,归纳总结出6类接收系统典型故障及其处理方法.随着雷达使用年限的增加,雷达设备故障率也在增加,而故障维修工作纷繁复杂,这就需要把雷达故障进行总结、分类,同一种类型的故障对应相应故障处理方法,这样就能大大提高雷达维修的时效性.     

气候变化对黄河流域径流变化及其可能影响研究进展

阐述了黄河流域水文要素变化的事实,揭示了黄河流域径流的脆弱性;综述了黄河流域径流对气候变化的敏感性及未来气候变化对黄河流域径流的可能影响的研究现状.目前的研究表明:降水在20世纪80年代后呈弱减少趋势,径流减少明显;径流对降水的敏感程度高于对气温的敏感程度;在未来气候变化情景下,径流总体呈减少趋势,黄河流域未来水资源紧张态势将进一步加剧.依据上述研究成果,提出了黄河流域适应气候变化的对策.诸多气候变化对黄河径流影响的研究中,尚存在不足:气候变化对径流变化影响的机理尚需进一步研究,缺乏极端气候事件对径流的影响研究,气候模型和水文模型中的不确定问题有待解决.     

Soil geochemical prospecting prediction method based on deep convolutional neural networks-Taking Daqiao Gold Deposit in Gansu Province,China as an example

A method is proposed for the prospecting prediction of subsurface mineral deposits based on soil geochemistry data and a deep convolutional neural network model.This method uses three techniques(window offset,scaling,and rotation)to enhance the number of training data for the model.A window area is used to extract the spatial distribution characteristics of soil geochemistry and measure their correspondence with the occurrence of known subsurface deposits.Prospecting prediction is achieved by matching the characteristics of the window area of an unknown area with the relationships established in the known area.This method can efficiently predict mineral prospective areas where there are few ore deposits used for generating the training dataset,meaning that the deep-learning method can be effectively used for deposit prospecting prediction.Using soil active geochemical measurement data,this method was applied in the Daqiao area,Gansu Province,for which seven favorable gold prospecting target areas were predicted.The Daqiao orogenic gold deposit of latest Jurassic and Early Jurassic age in the southern domain has more than 105 t of gold resources at an average grade of 3-4 g/t.In 2020,the project team drilled and verified the K prediction area,and found 66 m gold mineralized bodies.The new method should be applicable to prospecting prediction using conventional geochemical data in other areas.     

Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility by combining evidential belief function,logistic regression and logistic model tree

Abstract

In this study, we introduced novel hybrid of evidence believe function (EBF) with logistic regression (EBF-LR) and logistic model tree (EBF-LMT) for landslide susceptibility modelling. Fourteen conditioning factors were selected, including slope aspect, elevation, slope angle, profile curvature, plan curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream sediment transport index (STI), stream power index (SPI), distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and land use. The importance of factors was assessed using correlation attribute evaluation method. Finally, the performance of three models was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). The validation process indicated that the EBF-LMT model acquired the highest AUC for the training (84.7%) and validation (76.5%) datasets, followed by EBF-LR and EBF models. Our result also confirmed that combination of a decision tree-logistic regression-based algorithm with a bivariate statistical model lead to enhance the prediction power of individual landslide models.     

白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造地球化学特征及成因：元素及同位素新证据

通过野外地质观察和室内镜下研究,利用XRF和ICP-MS对白云岩及其周围的板岩的主、微量元素进行分析,同时对硫化矿化的样品开展硫同位素测试。元素测试结果显示白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造白云岩既具有部分火成碳酸岩的地球化学特征,也具有部分沉积碳酸岩的地球化学特征,表明白云鄂博Fe-REE-Nb建造赋矿白云岩不是典型的火成碳酸岩或沉积碳酸盐岩。硫同位素的测试结果表明,全岩的硫同位素组成不呈塔式模型分布,出现两个比较明显的峰值,一个在0‰左右,具有深源特征;另一个在+8‰左右,明显高于幔源硫,这个结果说明其来源可能有两个:地幔和海水。赋矿白云岩中Nb随着稀土的富集也发生富集作用,但是Ta的富集作用却十分微弱,显示了成矿热液强烈富REE和Nb及贫Ta的元素地球化学特征。据元素和硫同位素结果,我们认为白云鄂博赋矿白云岩是沉积碳酸盐受地幔碳酸岩岩浆及派生的流体交代的产物,而非直接源于火山碳酸岩喷发成因。地幔深部碳酸岩岩浆及其派生的富稀土流体沿区域性深大断裂上涌与沉积碳酸盐岩进行交代作用,形成了白云鄂博独特巨大的Fe-REE-Nb矿床及区域性的稀土矿床。     

新丰江水库区和平地电站电阻率深孔多电极抗干扰观测实验

随着社会经济的快速发展,传统的地震地电阻率观测想避免环境干扰的影响已经是不可能的事情。在这种形势下,由横向向纵深发展的深埋电极电阻率观测方法正得到越来越多的重视和研究。通过利用和平地电站已开展近20年的深孔电阻率观测试验的有利条件,进行深孔多电极组合实验观测研究。总结了多种实验结果,证明在深孔中设置多电极组合的优势,并表明电极只要埋人地下一定深度后,就能达到压抑地表的干扰影响。     

荒漠绿洲区间作和密植对作物产量和水分利用效率的影响

针对间作种植模式下密植潜力薄弱、水资源不足、生产实践中难以同步提高产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的问题,在河西荒漠绿洲区通过大田试验研究了4个(5.25、6.00、6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)玉米密度水平下玉米间作豌豆群体的产量和水分利用效率,以期为构建禾豆间作在密植条件下的高效节水技术提供理论依据。结果表明:玉米间作豌豆的土地当量比(LER)平均达到1.16,且LER随玉米密度的增大而增大。单位面积间作玉米的产量平均达到了相应单作的74.87%;随玉米密度的增大,作物产量的最大值均出现在高密度(6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)处理中。间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量平均低于单作玉米1.60%,但平均高于单作豌豆6.70%;两年内单作玉米和间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量均在高密度(7.50万株·hm^-2)处理时最大。由于土壤贮水量、降雨量、灌水等诸多因素的影响,间作较单作增加了耗水量(ET),上述间作的ET比单作高19.23%~23.66%。与单作WUE加权平均相比较,间作的WUE分别高于单作11.08%、13.32%、18.86%和28.06%;不同玉米密度处理中,密度3(6.75万株·hm^-2)的WUE表现出了优势。因此,在河西荒漠绿洲区,同步提高作物产量和水分利用效率的有效措施之一是间作和密植条件。     

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台湾海峡表层沉积物的粒度和碎屑矿物分布特征方建勇

应用系统聚类分析和因子分析的方法对台湾海峡283个表层沉积物样品的粒度组成和85个样品的矿物组成进行了分析,结果表明:台湾海峡表层沉积物由6种沉积物类型组成,可以划分把它们为3种与沉积动力相对应的主要沉积环境区;在表层沉积物共发现碎屑矿物61种,以轻组分矿物为主,平均含量高达97.73%,共发现轻矿物14种;重组分矿物含量较低,平均为2.27%,共发现47种重矿物。影响台湾海峡表层沉积物矿物分布及含量变化的最重要因素是物质来源,其次是水动力条件以及矿物自身的变质程度等。台湾海峡表层沉积物的主要物质来源包括来自福建和台湾省河流的入海泥沙、海峡两岸的侵蚀和剥蚀物质、韩江及部分来自浙闽沿岸流携带的长江和钱塘江物质,台湾海峡晚更新世残留物及部分自生矿物等。