GIS支持下不同生态背景的土地利用空间特征分析

在遥感与地理信息系统技术支持下 ,分析了不同生态背景下的我国土地利用、土地覆盖特征的空间分布。具体表现为对不同温度带、不同降雨带、不同高程带上的土地利用的时空特征进行了研究分析 ,结果表明 :总体上我国的土地主要分布在寒温带以下、降雨<2 5 0 mm的干旱带、高程在 1 0 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 m的地区。其中耕地主要分布在中温带、降雨在 40 0～ 80 0 mm的半湿润带、高程在 1 0 0 m以下的低平原区 ;林地分布在中温带、降雨为 40 0～ 80 0 mm的半湿润带、高程在 1 0 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 m的中山区为最多 ;草地主要分布在寒温带以下、降雨 <2 5 0 mm的干旱区、高程 1 0 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 m的中山区 ;建设用地则主要分布在暖温带、降雨 40 0～ 80 0 mm的半湿润带、低平原区 ;未利用地主要分布在寒温带以下、降雨 <2 5 0 mm的干旱区、高程在 1 0 0 0～ 3 5 0 0 m的中山区。     

三种大地电磁测量系统的对比研究

1.前言兰州地震研究所是国内最早开展大地电磁测深试验和研究工作的单位之一。在二十多年的观测研究中,使用的大地电磁测量系统经历了三个阶段:初期为兰州地震研究所研制的静磁原理、光电倍增管电路、模拟记录的大地电磁记录系统;中期为国家地震局北京地质所、兰州地震研究所等单位联合研制的感应原理磁力仪、模拟记录的LH—1型大地电磁记录系统;近期为德国进口的感应原理磁力仪的全自动数字化记录的MMS02E大地电     

Time of emergence of anthropogenic warming signals in the Northeast Asia assessed from multi-regional climate models

Time of Emergence (ToE) is the time at which the signal of climate change emerges from the background noise of natural climate variability, and can provide useful information for climate change impacts and adaptations. This study examines future ToEs for daily maximum and minimum temperatures over the Northeast Asia using five Regional Climate Models (RCMs) simulations driven by single Global Climate Model (GCM) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) emission scenarios. Noise is defined based on the interannual variability during the present-day period (1981-2010) and warming signals in the future years (2021-2100) are compared against the noise in order to identify ToEs. Results show that ToEs of annual mean temperatures occur between 2030s and 2040s in RCMs, which essentially follow those of the driving GCM. This represents the dominant influence of GCM boundary forcing on RCM results in this region. ToEs of seasonal temperatures exhibit larger ranges from 2030s to 2090s. The seasonality of ToE is found to be determined majorly by noise amplitudes. The earliest ToE appears in autumn when the noise is smallest while the latest ToE occurs in winter when the noise is largest. The RCP4.5 scenario exhibits later emergence years than the RCP8.5 scenario by 5-35 years. The significant delay in ToEs by taking the lower emission scenario provides an important implication for climate change mitigation. Daily minimum temperatures tend to have earlier emergence than daily maximum temperature but with low confidence. It is also found that noise thresholds can strongly affect ToE years, i.e. larger noise threshold induces later emergence, indicating the importance of noise estimation in the ToE assessment.     

A rock fall of the north Zhongtiao Shan fault and the Yongji earthquake in 793, Shanxi Province,North China

Earthquake is the main driving factor of landslides, and a large number of empirical formulas for seismic parameters have been proposed. This article studies a rock avalanche triggered by a paleoearthquake and two trial trenches in Yongji, Shanxi Province. Six quartz samples were collected from different parts on the top of the boulder, and the youngest ¹⁰Be exposure age is 1173 ± 123 years, which is considered as the occurrence time of the rock fall. The trenches excavated near the boulder infer that there was an earthquake between 2000 ± 110 and 465 ± 45 cal a bp in the north Zhongtiao Shan (NZS) fault with a maximum vertical displacement of 1.5 m and the surface rupture length (SRL) of ~35 km corresponding to a magnitude (M _S) of 6.70 ± 0.12 based on the displacement. Taking into account the occurrence time and minimum magnitude triggering the rock fall, the latest paleoearthquake revealed by trenches may be the forcing factor. Furthermore, according to historical records of Yongji, the earthquake of magnitude 6 in ad 793 is in consistency with the occurrence time and magnitude of the earthquake triggering the landslide. Therefore, the rock fall is related to the paleoearthquake revealed by the trenches, which may be the 793 Yongji earthquake.     

温盐深测量仪(CTD)资料质量对比分析

温盐深测量仪(CTD)是目前国际上应用最为广泛的物理海洋调查仪器设备之一。2014年中国科学院海洋研究所在黄海布放的潜标上搭载了三种不同型号的CTD(37Coastal、CTD48和304Plus),本文对这三种CTD所获取的数据资料分别进行了对比分析。三者数据两两对比结果显示,37Coastal与CTD48压力以及温度数据最为接近,盐度数据则为37Coastal与304Plus相差最小。三种设备的压力、温度以及电导率数据稳定性对比结果如下, 37Coastal压力数据稳定性表现最好;其温度数据稳定性三者表现一致;而盐度数据稳定性则是37Coastal和CTD48一致。     

一种真三维地下管线井室自动建模方法

针对城镇地下管线信息化建设中对大批量井室高效建模的要求,提出了地下管线井室的分类方法,在此基础上设计实现了真三维井室三维数据模型和自动化建模方法,并将该方法与传统3DMax建模方法在效率与效果上做了对比实验。实验表明,真三维井室自动化建模方法能极大提高井室三维建模的效率和精度。     

沪渝高速(三岔口大桥)路面温度特征及模型研究

利用沪渝高速公路恩施-宜昌路段恩施附近的三岔口大桥(海拔708 m)自动站监测2013年6—8月(夏季)及2013年12月至2014年2月(冬季)逐日逐时次气象要素资料,统计分析夏季、冬季路面温度与气温的变化特征及路面温度与气象因子的关系,基于逐步引入因子线性回归分析方法建立路面温度统计模型,并对模型的预报效果进行实验研究。结果表明:夏季路面最高温度受多种气象要素的影响,与日最高气温、日平均气温、前一日路面最高温度、前一日路面平均温度呈正相关,与相对湿度、24 h累计降水呈负相关。冬季路面最低温度与最低气温呈显著性相关。通过模型的效果实验,发现夏季路面最高温度用日最高气温、日最小相对湿度及前一天物理量建立的模型预报结果与实况的变化趋势最为接近;冬季路面最低温度用日最低气温、日最小相对湿度、日平均风速及前一天物理量建立的模型预报结果与实况的变化趋势最为接近。