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291.
Giovanni Aloisi Ioanna BouloubassiSander K. Heijs Richard D. Pancost Catherine PierreJaap S. Sinninghe Damsté Jan C. GottschalLarry J. Forney Jean-Marie Rouchy 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):195-203
To understand the role played by microorganisms in the formation of cold seep carbonates, we conducted an integrated microbial, mineralogical and organic geochemical study of methane-related authigenic carbonate crusts formed on eastern Mediterranean mud volcanoes. We show that supersaturation with respect to carbonate minerals is induced by microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane. Combined lipid biomarker analysis and 16S rRNA gene surveys identified a highly diversified methane-consuming archaeal community possibly comprising novel species, implying that the anaerobic oxidation of methane is phylogenetically widespread and directly implicating these organisms in the process of crust precipitation. Moreover, pore-water sulphate gradients produced by co-occurring methane-based sulphate reduction exert the main control on aragonite versus magnesian calcite precipitation. We propose that this may be the dominant mode of carbonate crust formation at cold seeps world-wide, in agreement with aquatic chemistry predictions and explaining carbonate mineralogy. 相似文献
292.
Catherine Mevel 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1981,76(4):386-393
Metabasalts with abundant pumpellyite have been dredged in the Vema fracture zone, Atlantic ocean, and contain prehnite+pumpellyite±epidote+chlorite+white mica. The prehnite — pumpellyite association in these rocks differs from the prehnite-epidote association for most of the prehnite — pumpellyite facies metabasalts from the ocean crust described previously. The occurrence of pumpellyite is discussed in terms of temperature conditions,
and oxygen fugacity and the pumpellyiterich metabasalts are believed to be recrystallized by hydrothermal circulation of seawater at about 250° C under a very low pressure (<1 kb).The bulk composition of the rocks demonstrates a strong chemical modification during hydrothermal metamorphism, similar to what is observed under greenschist facies conditions, except for potassium which can be uptaken from seawater by the rocks. 相似文献
293.
Forrest R. Stevens Andrea E. Gaughan Jeremiah J. Nieves Adam King Alessandro Sorichetta Catherine Linard 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(1):78-100
ABSTRACTMapping built land cover at unprecedented detail has been facilitated by increasing availability of global high-resolution imagery and image processing methods. These advances in urban feature extraction and built-area detection can refine the mapping of human population densities, especially in lower income countries where rapid urbanization and changing population is accompanied by frequently out-of-date or inaccurate census data. However, in these contexts it is unclear how best to use built-area data to disaggregate areal, count-based census data. Here we tested two methods using remotely sensed, built-area land cover data to disaggregate population data. These included simple, areal weighting and more complex statistical models with other ancillary information. Outcomes were assessed across eleven countries, representing different world regions varying in population densities, types of built infrastructure, and environmental characteristics. We found that for seven of 11 countries a Random Forest-based, machine learning approach outperforms simple, binary dasymetric disaggregation into remotely-sensed built areas. For these more complex models there was little evidence to support using any single built land cover input over the rest, and in most cases using more than one built-area data product resulted in higher predictive capacity. We discuss these results and implications for future population modeling approaches. 相似文献
294.
Catherine McAteer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1976,55(3):293-301
A garnet-mica schist from Mallaig, Invernessshire, Scotland, contains two textural varieties of almandine garnet. Microprobe analyses show that there are significant chemical differences between them. A sequence of garnet-forming reactions is suggested from the chemical and textural evidence, and related to the thermal history of the rock. 相似文献
295.
296.
David K. Lynch Richard J. Rudy Ray W. Russell Carl J. Rice Stephan Mazuk Catherine Venturini Richard C. Puetter Michael L. Sitko Roc Cutri 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,279(1-2):57-64
IR spectroscopy and photometry in the 0.8–2.4 and 3–14 mregions are reported for seven dates between March 21 1998 and July20 2000 UT. The shorter wavelength region displays a smooth continuum increasing to longerwavelengths that is indicative of the Wien tail of a Planck function. Only theHe I 1.0830 line is present early and it shows a P-Cygni profile which laterdisappears. The long wave spectra show a smooth continuum between 3 and 13m that was well fit by a gray body at 1000 K. A weak, unidentifiedemission feature appears between 8 and 10 m. 相似文献
297.
Catherine Ginibre Andreas Kronz Gerhard Wörner 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,142(4):436-448
Oscillatory zoning in plagioclase is investigated at small scale (⢪ µm) using accumulated backscattered electron (BSE) images as high-resolution imaging method. Combined with electron microprobe quantitative analysis, gray-value profiles across these images can be calibrated for An-content with a resolution of 0.5 mol% An. Applied to oscillatory-zoned crystals, this new application of BSE imaging allows better characterization of zoning patterns along a profile and quantification of wavelength, amplitude, and shape of the oscillations. We also obtain high-resolution information on the morphology of growth zones boundaries. This approach allows us to better classify the different types of "oscillations" and concentric zoning. Dissolution is more frequent than usually recognized. Major resorption surfaces crosscut several growth zones. Irregular 5-10-µm saw-tooth zones are delimited by faint wavy dissolution surfaces and must be distinguished from small-scale oscillations (Б-3 µm) with straight boundaries. This suggests at least two mechanisms for the formation of these zoning patterns: faint oscillations are probably caused by local kinetic control whereas wavy dissolution surfaces involve magma chamber dynamics. 相似文献
298.
Catherine Crouzeix Jean-Louis Le Mouël Frédéric Perrier Patrick Richon Pierre Morat 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(4):345-354
Vertical profiles of temperature have been monitored in the atmosphere of an underground quarry since June 2001. A long-term temperature increase of the order of 0.1 °C per year is observed. Three heating experiments with 100-W sources, performed to study plume dynamics, can also be used to investigate the effect of visits on this increase. Ten days after the 24-h heatings, the initial state is not restored. Artificial contributions to the observed long-term temperature trend, triggered by internal heat release, thus cannot be ruled out. This experiment defines strict criteria for the underground monitoring of global warming or the preservation of painted caves. To cite this article: C. Crouzeix et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
299.
Adnand Bitri Michel Ballèvre Jean-Pierre Brun Jean Chantraine Denis Gapais Paul Guennoc Charles Gumiaux Catherine Truffert 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(13):969-979
The structure of the Hercynian collision zone in the southeast of the Armorican Massif is illustrated by a 70-km long deep seismic profile acquired in September 2000. The profile images a previously unknown south-dipping thrust that brought the Champtoceaux Domain on top of the Central Armorican Domain during Carboniferous times. Dextral strike-slip motions along the South Armorican Shear Zone, which is downward cut by the thrust zone, are partly coeval with northward thrusting. A major discontinuity, hidden by the thrust front, is also imaged in the lower crust between the Champtoceaux area and the Central Armorican Domain. These new data lead to a structural and kinematic re-interpretation of this part of the Hercynian collision zone. To cite this article: A. Bitri et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
300.
Taniel Danelian François Baudin Silvia Gardin Catherine Beltran Edwige Masure 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(15):1087-1093
The Mid-Cretaceous ‘upper siliceous zone’ of the Vigla Limestone is studied in detail along the Paliambela section of northwestern Greece. Within it two radiolarite horizons can be identified, the lower being rich in organic matter and named herein as the ‘Fourcade level’. The preserved organic matter is of planktic/bacterial origin and of low thermal maturity. The nannoflora contained within the lower marly argillites consists of a poorly preserved and oligospecific assemblage characterised by the total absence of Nannoconids. Radiolarian assemblages yielded from the Fourcade level are dominated by the family Archaeodictyomitridae. Integrated calcareous nannofossil and radiolarian biostratigraphic results suggest an Early Aptian age for the Fourcade level, which can be thus considered as the local expression of the globally recognised Early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE 1a). To cite this article: T. Danelian et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 1087–1093. 相似文献