Genesis of garnet peridotites in the Sulu UHP belt: Examples from the Chinese continental scientific drilling project-main hole, PP1 and PP3 drillholes

The main hole (MH), and pre-pilot holes PP1, and PP3 of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) penetrated three different garnet peridotite bodies in the Sulu ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, which are 80 m, 120 m, and 430 m thick, respectively. The bodies occur as tectonic blocks hosted in eclogite (MH peridotite) and gneisses (PP1 and PP3 peridotites). The peridotites in the MH are garnet wehrlites, whose protoliths were ultramafic cumulates based on olivine compositions (Fo_79-89) and other geochemical features. Zoned garnet and omphacite (with 4-5 wt.% Na₂O) are typical metamorphic minerals in these rocks, and, along with P-T estimates based on mineral pairs, suggest that the rocks have undergone UHP metamorphism. SHRIMP U-Pb isotope dating of zircon from the garnet wehrlite yielded a Paleozoic protolith age (ca. 346-461 Ma), and a Mesozoic UHP metamorphic age (ca. 220-240 Ma). The peridotites in PP1 consist of interlayered garnet (Grt)-bearing and garnet-free (GF) peridotite. Both types of peridotite have depleted mantle compositions (Mg# = 90-92) and they display transitional geochemical features. The intercalated layers probably reflect variations in partial melting rather than pressure variations during metamorphism, and the garnets may have been formed by exsolution from orthopyroxene during exhumation. These peridotites were probably part of the mantle wedge above the subduction zone that produced the UHP metamorphism and thus belonged to the North China Block before its tectonic emplacement. The exhumation of the subducted Yangtze Block brought these mantle fragments to shallow crustal levels. The ultramafic rocks in PP3 are dominantly dunite with minor garnet dunite. Their high Mg# (92-93) and relatively uniform chemical compositions indicate that they are part of a depleted mantle sequence. The presence of garnet replacing spinel and enclosing pre-metamorphic minerals such as olivine, clinopyroxene and spinel suggests that these rocks have undergone progressive metamorphism. SHRIMP U-Pb isotope dating of zircon from these rocks yielded two age groups: 726 ± 56 Ma for relic magmatic zircon grains and 240 ± 2.7 Ma for the newly formed metamorphic zircon. The older group is similar in age to granitic intrusions within the Dabie-Sulu belt, suggesting that the PP3 garnet peridotite may record the early emplacement of the peridotite into the crust. The younger dates coincide with the age of UHP metamorphism during continent-continent collision between the Yangtze and North China Blocks, suggesting that these peridotites were subducted to depths equivalent to the coesite facies and later exhumed. Thus, the garnet peridotites in the CCSD cores include both ultramafic rocks that existed originally in the subducted plate and rocks from the mantle wedge above the subducted plate, i.e., part of the North China Block.     

含柯石英锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb定年:胶东印支期超高压变质作用的证据

苏鲁超高压变质带的形成时代究竟是印支期还是新元古代争议始终很大。对山东胶南地区超高压变质带中超镁铁岩和榴辉岩的锆石激光拉曼、阴极发光和离子探针原位定年的研究获得超高压变质作用发生的时代为印支期。其中超镁铁岩含柯石英锆石的年龄为221±12Ma,该深成岩侵位时代为新元古代(581±44Ma)。此外,锆石中另有约400Ma年龄记录,可能代表岩石形成后另有一期热事件。榴辉岩的下交点年龄为228±29 Ma,与超镁铁岩含柯石英锆石年龄一致,代表超高压变质时代;上交点为中元古代(1821±19Ma),代表原岩年龄,后者与其片麻岩围岩时代相一致,说明榴辉岩是原位俯冲。     

南阿尔金茫崖A型花岗岩的成因及构造意义

南阿尔金造山带位于柴达木盆地和祁连-昆仑造山带之间,是一条重要的大陆俯冲-碰撞造山带,带中分布的大量早古生代花岗岩蕴含着造山带构造演化的重要信息。茫崖A型碱长花岗岩对限定南阿尔金进入造山后伸展环境的时限以及壳幔相互作用具有指示意义,然而该岩体的成因类型、物质来源和形成的构造环境缺乏详细研究。因此,本文利用岩相学、岩石地球化学、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析对碱长花岗岩进行系统的研究,并探讨岩浆活动对造山带构造演化的响应。碱长花岗岩显示高硅、富铁、富碱、贫钙和镁的特点,并强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti,属于A2型花岗岩;岩体的结晶年龄为403～424Ma,是中—新元古代新生地壳(新生长英质物质或钙碱性花岗岩类)部分熔融的产物,岩浆源区可能存在少量富Ca斜长石残留相;南阿尔金造山带在424Ma之后进入造山后的伸展环境,不同块体之间的均衡调整导致深部幔源物质持续上涌,造成地壳的部分熔融,形成了这一期A型花岗岩。     

火成岩的10年研究进展和未来的挑战

文中简要列举了近年在火成岩领域的研究进展及今后发展方向,主要涉及7个方面内容：①新元古代末期大陆裂谷火山作用与Rodinia超级联合大陆裂解;②中亚石炭纪—早二叠世大规模裂谷火山事件的深部地球动力学背景及其与古特提斯裂解和晚古生代中亚大规模成矿事件的关系;③中—新生代东亚火山作用与岩石圈巨量减薄;④新生代印度—亚洲大陆碰撞与高原隆升的火山作用响应;⑤大火成岩省和地幔柱;⑥花岗岩与地球动力学环境;⑦铁镁—超铁镁岩与蛇绿岩。提出在下一个10年里,需要继续开展岩浆成因和演变、岩浆作用和构造环境的关系,变质岩石的P—T—t轨迹,以及变质作用、岩浆作用和大地构造的关系等方面的研究;需要研究更深层次的地壳和上地幔,以了解岩浆形成和运移的过程;海洋钻探有可能取得深部地壳或上地幔的样品,大陆钻探将钻到10 km及更深;将使用地震层析来描述地壳和上地幔的结构,确定俯冲带或地幔柱的位置,以及部分熔融的分布面积,等等。此外,分析和测试等方面的高新技术的开发和运用,以及实验岩石学的发展都对岩石学领域的发展起到至关重要的作用。     

Geochemistry, Zircon U–Pb Dating and Hf Isotopic Characteristics of Neoproterozoic Granitoids in the Yaganbuyang Area, Altyn Tagh, NW China

The South Altyn continental block is an important geological unit of the Altyn Tagh orogenic belt, in which numerous Neoproterozoic granitoids crop out. Granitoids are mainly located in the Paxialayidang–Yaganbuyang area and can provide indispensable information on the dynamics of Rodinia supercontinent aggregation during the Neoproterozoic. Therefore, the study of granitoids can help us understand the formation and evolutionary history of the Altyn Tagh orogenic belt. In this work, we investigated the Yaganbuyang granitic pluton through petrography, geochemistry, zircon U–Pb chronology, and Hf isotope approaches. We obtained the following conclusions:(1) Yaganbuyang granitoids mainly consist of two-mica granite and granodiorite. Geochemical data suggested that these granitoids are peraluminous calc–alkaline or high-K calc–alkaline granite types. Zircon U–Pb data yielded ages of 939±7.1 Ma for granodiorite and ~954 Ma for granitoids, respectively.(2) The εHf(t) values of two–mica granite and granodiorite are in the range of-3.93 to +5.30 and-8.64 to +5.19, respectively. The Hf model ages(TDM2) of two-mica granite and granodiorite range from 1.59–.05 Ga and 1.62–2.35 Ga, respectively, indicating that the parental magma of these materials is derived from ancient crust with a portion of juvenile crust.(3) Granitoids formed in a collisional orogen setting, which may be a response to Rodinia supercontinent convergence during the Neoproterozoic.     

南秦岭麻池河乡和沙河湾花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素组成

麻池河乡和沙河湾花岗岩体位于商丹断裂南侧。锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学分析表明,麻池河乡花岗岩岩浆结晶年龄为(490.8±2.9) Ma(加里东期早奥陶世);沙河湾石英二长岩岩浆结晶年龄分别为(240.6±1.5)~(228.2±1.5) Ma(印支期中三叠世)。麻池河乡花岗岩锆石两阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为759~1 096 Ma。沙河湾石英二长岩tDM2为891~1 516 Ma。麻池河乡花岗岩源岩为新元古代和中元古代亏损地幔物质。沙河湾石英二长岩的源岩主要为中元古代壳幔混合物质,还含有少量新元古代壳幔物质。晚寒武世-早奥陶世秦岭洋壳向北俯冲于北秦岭地块之下,俯冲的洋壳和上覆地幔相互作用产生的杂化熔液通过结晶分异形成麻池河乡花岗岩。沙河湾岩体经历了至少两期地质事件,时间跨度为(240.6±1.5)~(228.2±1.5) Ma和214~197 Ma。约250 Ma勉略洋闭合之后,扬子板块和华北板块在秦岭地区发生碰撞,导致扬子陆块俯冲至南秦岭地块之下并发生小规模的部分熔融形成早-中三叠世((240.6±1.5)~(228.2±1.5) Ma)花岗岩类。约220 Ma碰撞结束后,板片断离诱发软流圈物质上涌,同时俯冲陆壳开始折返,在地幔热和构造减压的条件下,俯冲陆壳及上覆岩石圈地幔发生广泛的部分熔融,形成不同程度具埃达克岩质地球化学特征的晚三叠世(214~197 Ma)花岗岩类及伴生的镁铁质暗色包体。     

安徽铜陵地区成矿物质和含矿流体来源问题的探讨

本文运用宏观和微观、地质和地球化学相结合的方法，通过野外观察和岩矿石中微量元素、稀土元素、同位素及流体包裹体的分析，探讨了铜陵地区成矿物质和含矿流体的来源及性质。研究表明，铜金等金属有岩浆和地层两个来源，但以前者为主；硫的来源有三：即地层、岩浆热液和地下水热液；含矿流体来源早期以岩浆为主，晚期有地层水的加入。     

Discovery of metamorphic diamonds in central China: an indication of a > 4000-km-long zone of deep subduction resulting from multiple continental collisions

The Central Orogenic Belt (COB) of China is a major continental collision zone that contains extensive outcrops of deeply subducted and exhumed rocks at both the eastern and the western end of the belt. Here we report discovery of microdiamonds from both eclogites and felsic gneisses in the North Qinling zone in the central portion of the COB. This discovery demonstrates that the country rocks of continental affinity shared in the ultra‐high‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) event and provides a bridge connecting the two previously recognized UHPM terranes, thereby establishing the existence of a UHPM belt extending more than 4000 km. Geochronological dating yields Early Palaeozoic ages in the west and Early Mesozoic ages in the east, recording two separate continental collisions overprinted within the COB. Occurrence of UHP metamorphism during recurrent continental collision here and in the Alps suggests that deep subduction of continental material during such collisions is probably common rather than exceptional, with significant implications for processes of plate tectonic reorganization and mantle mixing over time.     

秦岭南召岩体中花岗岩脉的锆石U-Pb定年:对燕山期构造环境的约束

通常认为,花岗岩体中的花岗岩脉与岩体是同一次岩浆活动的产物,是深部演化的岩浆沿着岩体的裂缝侵入后冷凝形成的。南召岩体位于北秦岭东部,近年来在岩体中发现一条宽约5 m的花岗岩脉。岩脉呈紫红色,斑状结构,斑晶为石英。LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年得出该岩脉的形成时间为(119.6±0.7)Ma,与岩体的年龄(452.3±6.2)Ma相差很大。锆石Hf同位素测试结果表明,岩脉的源岩可能主要是新生地壳,结合地球化学研究分析得出该岩脉呈现I型花岗岩的特性。该岩脉的年龄、Hf同位素和地球化学特征同邻近的伏牛山岩体相近,推测岩脉的源岩可能和伏牛山岩体的源岩相同。根据研究结果及区域地质构造分析,认为燕山期由于太平洋板块的俯冲作用和陆內拉张作用,导致扬子板块及华北板块沿秦岭造山带形成一系列断裂。岩浆沿着断裂上侵,大部分形成了伏牛山岩体,小部分沿着周围的裂隙侵入形成岩脉,并在侵位的过程中与寄主岩发生物质交换。     

安徽茅坦A型花岗岩研究

安徽茅坦花岗岩体是由４次侵入的细粒花岗岩、花岗斑岩、中粒花岗岩和粗粒花岗岩组成的复式岩体。各期次岩石具有高硅,富碱,富ＬＲＥＥ、Ｙ,Ｎｂ,Ｚｒ等大离子高电价元素及低Ａｌ、Ｍｇ,Ｃａ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ,Ｔｉ,Ｖ的特点,与国内外Ａ型花岗岩相似。岩石中副矿物种类聚多,以含碳硅石,磷钛矿等深源矿物为特征。锆石晶形以正锥面（１１１）和四方柱面（１１０）最为发育,与一般Ｉ型花岗岩有明显的差异。研究表明,该复式岩体为