一种简易快速的时域地震波衰减补偿算法

针对地震波的能量随着传播时间的增加而递减,提出了一种时间补偿方法。通过调试与传播时间有关的两个可调参数进行地震波振幅补偿。模型试验证实了该方法可以有效地补偿能量的损失,而且在地层中地震波振幅衰减与品质因子Q值有关时,其中的一个可调参数可以用另一个可调参数和Q值来表示。也就是说,本文方法同样是一种反Q滤波方法。     

辽西早白垩世火山岩喷发期次及同位素年代学研究

辽西彰武—黑山地区位于阜新—义县盆地以东,除第四系表土大面积覆盖外,露头区内最常见的就是火山岩系。而火山岩层位、喷发期次和时代的确定对辽西化石层、找煤、构造及沉积演化的研究都有着重要意义。本次工作是在系统收集了辽西地区中生代火山岩年龄的基础上,对阜新—义县盆地和彰武—黑山地区采集的11件火山岩样品进行了SHRIMP U-Pb同位素分析;系统收集了辽西地区中生代火山岩年龄,结合新测得的数据提出辽西地区的白垩世的火山活动分五次,活动时间分别为132±1Ma、126±1Ma、122±2Ma、115±2Ma和100±5Ma。基于统计学结果认为引起辽西地区乃至东北地区地壳减薄的起止年龄为132±1Ma至115±2Ma。     

辽河东部凹陷驾掌寺—小龙湾地区沙三段上亚段沉积古地理及聚煤作用分析

利用钻探、测井及地震资料对辽河盆地东部凹陷驾掌寺—小龙湾地区沙河街组三段上亚段进行了沉积环境和聚煤作用分析,编制了各种单因素图件及古地理图,识别出冲积扇、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲以及滨浅湖等古地理单元。分析认为,研究区物源来自东侧东部斜坡带和西侧中央凸起,并在区内沉积中心—驾掌寺—小龙湾凹陷处汇集,在适宜的气候、缓和的构造背景、适中的沉降幅度、较少的碎屑输入条件下,有一定水体深度的三角洲平原分流间湾沼泽区是成煤的有利地带,巨厚煤层分布于小龙湾地区的小14井、小5井以及小31井一带。     

城市环境地质调查信息化建设

从提供全程支持城市环境地质调查评价主流程信息化的技术手段出发,依据城市环境地质调查评价规范,制定了统一的数据库标准,对城市环境地质调查信息化建设的总体框架进行了设计,分析了城市环境地质调查评价信息系统组成、功能及应用模式,重点研制了为调查评价各过程服务的相应计算机分析处理系统,并得到了实际的推广应用。     

如皋一次罕见的飑线天气过程

针对2008年7月15日下午在如皋境内生成和发展的飑线天气过程,利用常规和非常规气象资料,对其进行精细化剖析,结果发现:(1)强对流天气发生在副高东退、西风槽跟进的形势背景下,有从渤海低压穿过的冷锋为影响系统,如皋上空是对流性不稳定的大气层结,还有如皋地面中尺度天气系统的抬升力和激烈的热对流抬举力合二为一的共同触发,促使储有大量潜能的暖湿空气在如皋境内发生、发展成飑线。(2)如皋境内的中尺度系统是由苏中地区地表性质、地理环境水平分布差异大,所产生的气温水平分布不均而引起的,尤其是如皋境内高沙土地区的土质分布情况更为特殊。(3)雷暴云和飑线的产生、发展的位置与中尺度系统位置近似重合,飑线上强雷暴云的移动方向与7 km以下高空风主导风向一致。     

青藏高原区域气候变化及其差异性研究

利用1961—2007年青藏高原66个气象台站气温和降水量资料,通过典型气候分区,系统研究了近47年来青藏高原气温、降水量等气候因子时空演变规律,揭示了青藏高原不同区域气候变化的差异性。研究表明:近47年来,青藏高原的气候呈现出显著增暖趋势,年平均气温以0.37℃/10a的速率上升,气候变暖在夜间要较日间明显。冬季较其他季节明显,2月气温由冷向暖的转变最为显著,8月最不显著,且在某些区域有变冷迹象;高原边缘地区气候变暖要明显于高原腹地,青海北部区特别是柴达木盆地是青藏高原气候变化的敏感区。降水量总体表现出增多态势,气候倾向率达9.1mm/10a,但区域性差异较为明显,藏东南川西区是青藏高原降水量增多最显著的地区;12月至次年5月即冬春季整个青藏高原降水量随着气候变暖而增多,7月和9月黄河上游区1987年后干旱化趋势明显。     

Regional features of precipitation over Asia and summer extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia and their associations with atmospheric–oceanic conditions

The variations of both total and extreme precipitations over Asia are characterized by large regional features and seasonality. Extreme precipitation mainly occurs in summer and then in autumn over South Asia but it is a prominent phenomenon in all seasons over Southeast Asia. It explains above 40% of the total precipitation in winter over India, while the ratio of extreme precipitation to total precipitation is 30% or smaller in all seasons over southern-central China. Over Southeast Asia, the largest ratio appears in winter. The extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia (EPSEA) exhibits significant positive trends in all seasons except autumn. The long-term increase in summer EPSEA is associated with significant surface warming over extratropical Asia and the Indo-Pacific oceans and linked to a large-scale anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia. An increase in de-trended summer EPSEA is associated with less significant surface warming. However, it is still clearly linked to an anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia, contributed by intensifications of monsoon flow from the west, trade wind from the east, and cross-equatorial flow over Indonesia. The antecedent features of increased summer EPSEA include an overall warming over the tropical–subtropical northern hemisphere and an anomalous cyclonic pattern over Southeast Asia in winter and spring. When the large-scale Asian monsoon (measured by the Webster-Yang monsoon index) or the South Asian monsoon is strong, summer extreme precipitation mainly increases over tropical Asia. When monsoon is strong over Southeast Asia or East Asia, extreme precipitation increases over Southeast Asia and decreases over East Asia. A strong summer monsoon over Southeast Asia or East Asia is also followed by decreased autumn extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia.     

FY2C/D卫星反演云特性参数与地面雨滴谱降水观测初步分析

针对2008年4月11-12日一次北方层状云降水过程,将FY2C/D静止卫星反演的云参数和地面同时段的雨滴谱仪的观测资料进行联合分析,发现反演得到的一些特征云参数对地面降水有一定的指示意义:一般降水发生前,云系发展,云顶抬升,云顶温度和云黑体亮温都降低,云光学厚度增大,云参数先于地面降水变化,两者大概相差2小时。其中,云光学厚度与地面降水量和降水粒子数关系密切,其相关性比云顶高度、云顶温度和云黑体亮温的相关性都好;一般地面降水强,光学厚度一定大,若云层光学厚度较小,即便云顶发展得很高,地面几乎无降水或降水较小,但云光学厚度大时,地面降水强度并不一定都大,可能降水粒子数浓度大,地面多降毛毛雨。     

卢氏县暴雨趋势预报方法探讨

利用卢氏站1952-2005年汛期7-8月暴雨日资料,分析了暴雨发生时的单站要素和能量变化特征,结果表明:强降水开始前,单站气温高、气压低、饱和差大,降水开始时气温降低、气压升高、饱和差减小;强降水开始前,低空西南急流不断为暴雨区上空输送高温、高湿空气,使这一地区积聚了大量的不稳定能量,暴雨一般出现在高能舌附近850 hPa θse较密集的能量锋区上.根据上述要素变化特征及不同影响系统,筛选出不同系统影响时的预报指标,建立了卢氏单站暴雨预报模式.     

Dynamic responses of a poroelastic half‐space from moving trains caused by vertical track irregularities

The vibrations of railway tracks on a poroelastic half‐space generated by moving trains are investigated through a vehicle–track–ground coupling model. The theoretical model incorporates a vehicle, a track, and a fully saturated poroelastic half‐space soil medium. The source of vibration excitation is divided into two components: the quasi‐static loads and the dynamic loads. The quasi‐static loads are related to the static component of the axle loads, whereas the dynamic loads are due to the dynamic wheel–rail interaction. A linear Hertizian contact spring is introduced between each wheelset and the rail to consider the dynamic loads. Biot's dynamic theory is used to characterize the poroelastic half‐space soil medium. Using the Fourier transform, the governing equations for the track–ground system are solved and the numerical results are presented for a single axle vehicle model. The different dynamic characteristics of the elastic soil medium and the saturated poroelastic medium are investigated. In addition, the different roles of the moving axle loads and the roughness‐induced dynamic loads are identified. It is concluded that the vibration level of the free field off the track predicted by the poroelastic soil medium is smaller than that predicted by the elastic soil medium for vehicle speed below the Rayleigh wave speed of the poroelastic half‐space, whereas it is larger for vehicle speed above the Rayleigh wave speed. The dynamic loads play an important role in the dynamic responses of the track–ground system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.