基于20a卫星高度计数据的黑潮变异特征

黑潮作为一支典型的西边界流,其路径变化特征及其相关的物理现象对于渔业和航海有着不可忽视的影响。本文基于改进的特征线方法,利用1992~2012年的高度计绝对动力地形数据提取了整个黑潮流区逐月的黑潮主轴和边界位置,并对沿轴速度、主流宽度、表层水体输运以及路径标准差等黑潮特征量进行了分析研究。结果表明,黑潮整体的沿轴速度在夏秋季较大,最大值可达0.95 m/s,而在冬季的速度较小;黑潮主流宽度在10、11月份达到最大值;黑潮表层水体输运在夏季最大,春秋两季次之,冬季最小。沿黑潮流路分区域对黑潮特征进行分析,结果表明,越往黑潮下游,其沿轴速度、主流宽度和表层水体输运越大,同时沿轴速度和表层水体输运量最大值出现的时间也越晚,黑潮主轴位置相对于其多年平均的偏离程度越大,且随时间波动也越强烈。     

Hydrothermal Fluid Sources of the Fengjia Barite–fluorite Deposit in Southeast Sichuan,China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes

The Fengjia barite–fluorite deposit in southeast Sichuan is a stratabound ore deposit which occurs mainly in Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks. Here we present results from fluid inclusion and oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to determine the nature and origin of the hydrothermal fluids that generated the deposit. The temperature of the ore‐forming fluid shows a range of 86 to 302 °C. Our detailed microthermometric data show that the temperature during mineralization of the fluorite and barite in the early ore‐forming stage was higher than that during the formation of the calcite in the late ore‐forming stage. The salinity varied substantially from 0.18% to 21.19% NaCl eqv., whereas the density was around 1.00 g/cm³. The fluid composition was mainly H₂O (>91.33%), followed by CO₂, CH₄ and traces of C₂H₆, CO, Ar, and H₂S. The dominant cation was Na⁺ and the dominant anion Cl^‐, followed by Ca²⁺, SO₄^2‐, K⁺, and Mg²⁺, indicating a mid–low‐temperature, mid‐low‐salinity, low‐density NaCl–H₂O system. Our results demonstrate that the temperature decreased during the ore‐forming process and the fluid system changed from a closed reducing environment to an open oxidizing environment. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data demonstrate that the hydrothermal fluids in the study area had multiple sources, primarily formation water, as well as meteoric water and metamorphic water. Combined with the geological setting and mineralization features we infer that the stratabound barite–fluorite deposits originated from mid–low‐temperature hydrothermal fluids and formed vein filling in the fault zone.     

我国海洋水下文化遗产保护现状与管理探讨

海洋水下文化遗产是不可再生的文化资源,在全球海洋开发的浪潮中,做好海洋水下文化遗产的调查和保护是迫切和急需的。文章概述世界上传统海洋大国对海洋水下文化遗产保护和管理的经验,分析我国海洋水下文化遗产保护和管理存在的问题,并提出相关对策:查清海洋水下文化遗产的分布、数量和特征等信息,了解海洋水下文化遗产分布区的地质地貌环境、水动力环境和保存环境条件,建立海洋水下文化遗产档案馆和数据库系统;完善与海洋水下文化遗产保护相关的法规、政策和标准规范等,提升执法效率,做好海洋水下文化遗产保护和海洋开发利用的协调工作;建立海洋水下文化遗产保护示范区,传承和弘扬蓝色文明,实现海洋水下文化遗产的社会利用和可持续保护。     

江苏省沿海海域影像地图集的编制与研究

2013年,江苏省成为国家3个海域无人机(UAV)基地建设省份之一。按照国家海域无人机基地建设的有关要求,江苏省海域动态监视监测中心先后购置了海域无人机和应急指挥监控车,并沿着江苏近千千米的海岸带开展了大量的无人机航拍。为将已有的无人机航拍数据给更多的海域管理者和社会公众提供服务,着手编制《江苏省沿海海域影像地图集》。文章简述了江苏沿海开发概况,介绍了图集的编制过程和技术创新点,对其他影像地图集的编制具有一定的参考价值。     

海洋生态文明建设对海域使用论证工作的具体指导

海洋生态文明建设是我国生态文明建设的重要组成部分。海域使用论证作为各类用海项目用海可行性分析的技术性分析工作,在论证工作中引导用海项目贯彻海洋生态文明建设理念,落实海洋生态文明建设具体方案,极具现实意义。文章按照海域使用论证工作流程,依据海洋生态文明建设具体方案,按阶段分析了海域使用论证工作的具体工作内容,以求通过海域使用论证工作落实海洋生态文明建设对用海项目的具体指导。     

锈蚀钢筋在疲劳荷载作用下压磁场分布研究

针对锈蚀钢筋的疲劳损伤与寿命评估中的难度大、精度低等问题,引入压磁检测技术,对锈蚀钢筋疲劳过程中的压磁场分布进行检测,从宏观与微观相结合的角度分析压磁场分布与疲劳损伤之间的联系。试验结果表明,锈蚀钢筋的压磁场分布能够反映疲劳损伤的演变规律,疲劳后期非线性特征加剧,锈蚀率及应力幅越大则变化越为明显,磁感强度值、磁场分布梯度、"反转"现象等均有助于进行疲劳损伤评价与寿命预测。研究结果可为压磁无损检测技术在钢筋混凝土结构中的应用提供依据。     

Progress in China’s sustainable development research: Contribution of Chinese geographers

Sustainable development has always been a hotspot in Chinese geographical research. Herein, we conduct a systematic statistical analysis of the contribution of Chinese geographers to sustainable development research using bibliometric methods. Based on the review of a vast amount of literature, we identify the main research teams, research funding sources, journals, and key research fields. The findings are as follows: (1) the resources and environmental institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have a significant influence on sustainable development research; (2) China’s central government foundations (the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Social Sciences Fund) are the main research funding sources; (3) most of the highly cited articles are published in journals sponsored by the Geographical Society of China; and (4) sustainable development theory and its research areas are being constantly enriched and perfected. Based on the statistics of keywords, the theory, research methods, research regional scales, and key research areas are summarized and expounded.     

Glacier changes in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range of Tibetan Plateau from 1975 to 2013

Maritime-type glaciers in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, are an important water source for downstream residents and ecological systems. To better understand the variability of glaciers in this region, we used the band ratio threshold(TM3/TM5 for the Landsat TM /ETM+ and TM4/TM6 for Landsat OLI) to extract glacier outlines in ~1999 and ~2013. After that, we also generated a series of glacier boundaries and monitored glacier variations in the past 40 years with the help of the Chinese Glacier Inventory data(1975) and Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI data. The total glacier area decreased by 37.69 ± 2.84% from 1975 to 2013. The annual percentage area change(APAC) was ~1.32% a-1 and ~1.29% a-1 in the periods 1975-1999 and 1999-2013, respectively. According to the lag theory, the reaction time is probably about 10 years and we discuss the variations of temperature and precipitation between 1965 and 2011. Temperature and precipitation increased between 1965 and 2011 at a rate of 0.34°C /10 a and 15.4 mm/10 a, respectively. Extensive meteorological data show that the glacier shrinkage rate over the period may be mainly due to increasing air temperature, while the increasing precipitation partly made up for the mass loss of glacier ice resulting from increasing temperature may also lead to the low APAC between 1999 and 2013. The lag theory suggests that glacier shrinkage may accelerate in the next 10 years. Small glaciers were more sensitive to climate change, and there was a normal distribution between glacier area and elevation. Glaciers shrank in all aspects, and south aspects diminished faster than others.     

山东海阳姜家白垩纪水南组化石的发现及保护

姜家位于山东省烟台海阳市北部。在进行烟台地区古生物化石调查的过程中,发现了姜家这一白垩纪水南组良好的露头剖面,在其页岩中赋存丰富的动植物化石,计有玉门延吉叶肢介、长壳延吉叶肢介、中华狼鳍鱼、松柏纲和银杏纲植物化石及昆虫化石。根据前人化石保护评价方法,结合化石的赋存层位、赋存条件、化石类型及保护现状,计算了海阳姜家质量综合指数,认为其属于重点保护区级别;最后根据当地自然情况及工程影响,圈定了保护区范围,并制定了相应的保护措施。