ICESat-2水深提取方法及其反演应用

相比于传统水深测量方法, 结合主动激光卫星ICESat-2数据与被动光学遥感影像的主被动融合水深反演方法具有低成本、覆盖面积广、不受地域限制、无需地面实测数据等优点.研究选取澳大利亚大堡礁中部的John Brewer Reef和南部的Fitzroy Reef为实验区, 开展主被动融合水深反演实验.针对ICESat-2光子点群信噪比低、光子点水深信息提取和改正难的问题, 本文提出基于光子点群高斯分布特征的海面光子点群提取方法和基于深度自适应DBSCAN的海底光子点群提取方法, 并顾及海面倾斜引起的入射角偏移, 改进了Parrish水体折射改正几何模型.实验表明, 基于光子点群高斯分布特征的海面光子点群提取方法和基于深度自适应DBSCAN的海底光子点群提取方法可以高效准确地提取出有效的海面、海底光子点群; 经过地球物理改正和基于改进模型的水体折射改正后, 水深变浅, 且改正项与改正前水深呈线性关系, 线性系数约为-0.2550.实验将提取并改正后的ICESat-2光子点水深与经大气校正、耀斑校正、空间域滤波等预处理后的Sentinel-2影像进行空间匹配构建水深反演样本集, 并利用单波段模型(SB)、比值模型(BR)、Lyzenga多项式模型(LP)、二次多项式模型(QP)、三次多项式模型(CP)、支持向量回归模型(SVR)、多层感知器模型(MLP)、随机森林回归模型(RF)等水深反演模型对实验区全域水深进行反演.通过对比分析多种水深反演模型在不同地理区域和ICESat-2水深样本分布条件下的表现, 研究为不同场景下的主被动融合水深反演策略提供了一定的科学依据.

     

内蒙古阿拉善地区阿拉善群(狭义)的形成时代

阿拉善群(狭义)主要分布于内蒙古雅布赖山、巴彦乌拉山、阿拉坦敖包一带,是一套陆源碎屑-碳酸盐建造,岩石组合为黑云片岩、石榴黑云片岩、含十字石二云片岩、石英岩和大理岩.对其中的石英岩中的碎屑锆石进行LA-MC-ICP-MS测年,得到的年龄谱范围为1206~3132 Ma,以1400~1800 Ma占主体,峰值为1737 Ma,表明该样品中的碎屑锆石主要来源于中元古代早期形成的岩石,最小谐和年龄为1206 Ma,暗示阿拉善群石英岩的形成时代应小于1206 Ma.同时,测定出与阿拉善群呈侵入接触关系产出的眼球状黑云母二长花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为893 Ma.综上考虑,笔者认为阿拉腾敖包一带的阿拉善群应形成于1206~893 Ma之间,属中元古代晚期-新元古代早期的沉积建造.     

An Overview of BCC Climate System Model Development and Application for Climate Change Studies

This paper reviews recent progress in the development of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM) and its four component models(atmosphere,land surface,ocean,and sea ice).Two recent versions are described:BCC-CSM1.1 with coarse resolution(approximately 2.8125°×2.8125°) and BCC-CSM1.1(m) with moderate resolution(approximately 1.125°×1.125°).Both versions are fully coupled climate-carbon cycle models that simulate the global terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycles and include dynamic vegetation.Both models well simulate the concentration and temporal evolution of atmospheric CO_2 during the 20th century with anthropogenic CO2 emissions prescribed.Simulations using these two versions of the BCC-CSM model have been contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase five(CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report(AR5).These simulations are available for use by both national and international communities for investigating global climate change and for future climate projections.Simulations of the 20th century climate using BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) are presented and validated,with particular focus on the spatial pattern and seasonal evolution of precipitation and surface air temperature on global and continental scales.Simulations of climate during the last millennium and projections of climate change during the next century are also presented and discussed.Both BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) perform well when compared with other CMIP5 models.Preliminary analyses indicate that the higher resolution in BCC-CSM1.1(m) improves the simulation of mean climate relative to BCC-CSMl.l,particularly on regional scales.     

Planetary-Scale Wave Structures of the Earth’s Atmosphere Revealed from the COSMIC Observations

GPS radio occultation（GPS RO） method,an active satellite-to-satellite remote sensing technique,is capable of producing accurate,all-weather,round the clock,global refractive index,density,pressure,and temperature profiles of the troposphere and stratosphere.This study presents planetary-scale equatorially trapped Kelvin waves in temperature profiles retrieved using COSMIC（Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate） satellites during 2006-2009 and their interactions with background atmospheric conditions.It is found that the Kelvin waves are not only associated with wave periods of higher than 10 days（slow Kelvin waves） with higher zonal wave numbers（either 1 or 2）,but also possessing downward phase progression,giving evidence that the source regions of them are located at lower altitudes.A thorough verification of outgoing longwave radiation（OLR） reveals that deep convection activity has developed regularly over the Indonesian region,suggesting that the Kelvin waves are driven by the convective activity.The derived Kelvin waves show enhanced（diminished） tendencies during westward（eastward） phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation（QBO） in zonal winds,implying a mutual relation between both of them.The El Nino and Southern Oscillation（ENSO） below 18 km and the QBO features between 18 and 27km in temperature profiles are observed during May 2006-May 2010 with the help of an adaptive data analysis technique known as Hilbert Huang Transform（HHT）.Further,temperature anomalies computed using COSMIC retrieved temperatures are critically evaluated during different phases of ENSO,which has revealed interesting results and are discussed in light of available literature.     

关于大尺度地形对平均温度场形成作用的一个讨论

本文根据两层斜压模式得到大尺度地形对1000—500mb 平均温度场的常定扰动.结果得到大地形对温度槽脊的形成具有一定的作用,而地形所造成的高度槽在垂直方向上没有倾斜现象.     

东亚的气候鋒

本文根据1955—1959年逐日02时(北京时)东亚地面天气图統計了鋒出現頻数的分布,給出1、4、7、10月东亚气候锋的位置.     

TRMM星载测雨雷达和地基雷达反射率因子数据的三维融合

TRMM卫星上的测雨雷达(TRMMPR)探测资料分布均匀且具有很高的垂直分辨率,但灵敏度较低;地基雷达(GR)水平分辨率较高且具有较高的灵敏度,但其垂直分辨率低。通过将TRMM PR与GR反射率因子数据的三维数据融合,得到了更优的反射率因子图像。测雨雷达与地基雷达三维数据融合主要分为以下几步:测雨雷达与地基雷达数据预处理——如去杂波、衰减校正;测雨雷达与地基雷达时空匹配;选取和应用合适的三维图像融合算法;对融合后的图像进行效果评估。试验结果表明:融合后的图像不仅增大了信息量,更好地检测弱降水,还提高了空间三维(3D)分辨率,能更好地反映降水区域细节,且使得数据总体上具有更高的完整性和可靠性。此外,还将基于雷达资料估测的降水数据与地面雨量计数据进行对比,估计反射率因子数据融合在降水测量上的有效性。      

Climate change in Mt. Qomolangma region since 1971

Using monthly average, maximum, minimum air temperature and monthly precipitation data from 5 weather stations in Mt. Qomolangma region in China from 1971 to 2004, climatic linear trend, moving average, low-pass filter and accumulated variance analysis methods, the spatial and temporal patterns of the climatic change in this region were analyzed. The main findings can be summarized as follows: (1) There is obvious ascending tendency for the interannual change of air temperature in Mt. Qomolangma region and the ascending tendency of Tingri, the highest station, is the most significant. The rate of increasing air temperature is 0.234 oC/decade in Mt. Qomolangma region, 0.302 oC/decade in Tingri. The air temperature increases more strongly in non-growing season. (2) Compared with China and the global average, the warming of Mt. Qomolangma region occurred early. The linear rates of temperature increase in Mt. Qomolangma region exceed those for China and the global average in the same period. This is attributed to the sensitivity of mountainous regions to climate change. (3) The southern and northern parts of Mt. Qomolangma region are quite different in precipitation changes. Stations in the northern part show increasing trends but are not statistically significant. Nyalam in the southern part shows a decreasing trend and the sudden decreasing of precipitation occurred in the early 1990s. (4) Compared with the previous studies, we find that the warming of Mt. Qomolangma high-elevation region is most significant in China in the same period. The highest automatic meteorological comprehensive observation station in the world set up at the base camp of Mt. Qomolangma with a height of 5032 m a.s.l will play an important role in monitoring the global climate change.     

水源保护区农业发展模式研究——以昆明市松华坝水源二、三级保护区为例

昆明市政府对松华坝水源保护区实施了"全面禁牧、禁渔业、禁花限菜、限制规模化养殖"等环境保护政策,加强了对城市水源地的保护力度,然而政策的实施将对水源地经济的发展有一定的限制作用,因此在政策限制的情况下进行水源地农业发展模式的研究,将充分考虑水源保护区政策、资源、市场、技术、农户意愿五大因素,采用实地调查、对比分析法、投入产出比等方法,提出了核桃林未成林间种洋芋模式,成林后林下种植金银花的连续发展模式和"以有机野生菌为精品,无公害金针菇种植为主"市场差异化发展的模式。     

大都市郊区化中的社区碎化与治理

本文从“城市生活空间质量观”的角度,首次运用城市空间公正的“社会论”观点,通过分析中外国家城市郊区化的社会内涵和机制以及由此引发的社会空间分异,揭示了中国快速郊区化过程中大城市郊区社区碎化的现状和原因,并提出对应空间治理措施。