南秦岭金龙山微细浸染型金矿成矿时代

 金龙山金矿带是南秦岭新发现的卡林型金矿带,主要产于上泥盆统南羊山组细碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩建造中,在上泥盆统冷水河组、下石炭统碳酸盐建造中也有产出,可分为明显受断裂控制的脉型金矿化和受有利岩性及小规模断裂、节理控制的浸染型矿化。     

基于二维经验模态分解的重磁异常分离

由于地质过程的复杂性及成矿过程的多期次叠加性,原始重磁异常往往是多种地质因素的混合信息,既包含区域背景异常信息,也包含与矿床(体)、矿化蚀变带以及隐伏岩体等与找矿密切相关的地质要素所引起的局部重磁异常.如何从复杂的叠加重磁异常中分离出具有找矿意义的局部异常,是当前矿产勘查和资源潜力评价工作中面临的难题之一.采用经验模态分解(EMD)方法来分解重磁异常,为提高分解的稳健性提出了用双调和样条插值(BSI)进行包罗面插值的新方法,并以云南个旧地区重磁数据为例,对其进行非线性多尺度分解,实现对区域异常与局部重磁异常的分离,揭示了深层次找矿信息并拓宽了经验模态分解方法的应用领域.      

基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟

以点电源和线电源为例,叙述了基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟过程。通过对COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS正演模拟解与理论值的对比分析,验证了应用COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS进行直流电法正演模拟的正确性与可行性。鉴于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS强大的剖分求解功能及丰富的后处理操作,可以快速、准确实现正演模拟,其在地球物理正演模拟中的应用的研究意义重大。     

辽西建昌碱性粗面岩的年代学及岩石成因研究

义县组火山岩在辽话分布广泛,研究区碱性粗面岩位于建昌地区义县组火山岩的顶部,详细的年代学及地球化学研究表明,锆石u—Pb年龄为（120．3±1．5）Ma,具有较高的SiO2：和碱含量,ω（SiO2）=63．52％～65．94％,ω（Na20＋K2O）=9．63％一10．15％,ω（Na20）／ω（K20）为0．96～1．08,属于高钾碱性岩系列,同时具有较低的ω（MgO）（0．75％～1．05％）,稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型模式（La／Yb）n=8．96～12．02）,较弱的正Eu异常（δEu=1．07—1．16）,相容元素Cr（1．46×10^6～4．15X10^6）、c0（19．8X10^6。～45．9X10^6）和Ni（0．100x10^6～1．55×10^6）含量低。微量元素蛛网图显示明显的Ba和Pb正异常,以及Sr、Ti和Y负异常,此外,zr和Hf显示一定的正异常。认为碱性岩形成于拉张的构造环境,且来源深度较大,是壳幔相互作用的结果,研究区火山岩是经过强烈橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石结晶分异的富集地幔岩浆上升底侵至下地壳,并经历同化混染和部分熔融,然后沿着深大断裂喷发至地表。     

不同压应力作用下黏土体积变形的微观特征

为了研究黏土体积变形的微观结构变化特征,选取上海第4层淤泥质黏土为研究对象,分别采用各向等压和K0压缩两种方法制备体积变化率相同的土样,经冷冻真空干燥后对土样进行压汞试验并测定土中孔隙大小分布状况。压汞试验结果表明：试验黏土中孔隙可分为大孔隙、中孔隙、小孔隙和微孔隙,小孔隙占据土中孔隙的大部分空间,且其变化能够反映微观结构的主要特性;在各向等压应力状态下,随着压应力增高、体积压缩量增大,黏土颗粒发生空间平移使颗粒间变得更为紧密,孔隙分布曲线变化以孔隙波峰往孔隙变小方向偏移为主要特征,孔隙尺寸变小而孔隙形态基本不变;在K0压缩应力状态下,随着压应力增高,黏土颗粒发生旋转使孔隙变得扁平,表现为孔隙波峰位置基本不发生偏移,而以峰值降低为主要特征,孔隙结构形态明显改变     

辽宁猫岭金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

本文将猫岭金矿床划分为沉积变质、变质热液和交代重熔岩浆热液三个成矿期。由硫、氢、氧同位素,稀土元素特征及包裹体成分研究结果表明变质热液期为主成矿期,主要成矿物质来自围岩,矿床属变质热液成因。     

Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.     

湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性与改善措施研究

随着预应力锚索在湿陷性黄土边坡加固工程中的广泛应用,其耐久性问题就变得日益突出,湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索出现了较多因预应力损失而引起的失效事故。基于湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索运行现状进行研究,研究表明:黄土腐蚀性对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响微弱,黄土湿陷性和地质条件变化对边坡预应力锚索耐久性影响显著;通过采用加强排水措施、提升浅部注浆工艺和注重运行维护等措施可以改善湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索耐久性;改善后的预应力锚索在监测期内处于平稳波动的服役状态,运行效果良好。本研究以期为湿陷性黄土边坡预应力锚索的设计、施工和运行维护等提供借鉴。     

高围压下冻土强度弱化的机理分析

围压作用下,影响冻结砂土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融,矿物颗粒细化的微裂隙的发育。影响冻结粉质粘土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融和微裂隙的发育,这些过程是不独立存在的,而是共同影响,共同作用,从而导致了冻土强度的弱化。     

The role of metal sulfates in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) of hydrocarbons: Insight from the yields and stable carbon isotopes of gas products

The mechanism of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) was investigated by separately heating n-C₂₄ with three different sulfates (CaSO₄, Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄) in sealed gold tubes at 420 °C and measuring the stable carbon isotope values of hydrocarbon (C₁-C₅) and non-hydrocarbon (CO₂) products. Extensive TSR was observed with the MgSO₄ reactant as reflected by increasing concentrations of H₂S, ¹³C depleted CO₂ and relatively low concentrations of H₂ (compared to the control). H₂S yields were already very high at the first monitoring time (12 h) when the temperature had just reached 420 °C, suggesting that TSR had commenced well prior to this temperature. Only trace amounts of n-C₂₄ and secondary C₃-C₅ alkanes were detected at 12 h, reflecting the efficient TSR utilization of the reactant and lower molecular weight alkane products. Ethane levels were still relatively high at 12 h, but declined thereafter as it was subject to TSR in the absence of higher molecular weight alkanes which had already been utilized. Methane yields were consistently high throughout the 48 h MgSO₄ treatment. The temporal decrease in the concentrations of alkanes available for TSR may also contribute to the sharp enhancement of CO₂ after 36 h. Absence or dampening of the molecular and isotopic trends of MgSO₄ TSR was observed with Na₂SO₄ and CaSO₄ respectively, directly reflecting the levels of TSR reached using these sulfate treatments.For all treatments, the δ¹³C values of C_1-5n-alkanes showed an increase with both molecular weight and treatment time. MgSO₄ TSR led to a 5-10‰ increase in the δ¹³C values of the C₁-C₅ hydrocarbons and a 20‰ decrease in the δ¹³C value of CO₂. The significant ¹³C depletion of the CO₂ may be due to co-production of ¹³C enriched MgCO₃, although this remains unproven as the δ¹³C of MgCO₃ was not measured. The difference in the δ¹³C values of ethane and propane (Δδ¹³C_EP) increased in magnitude with the degree of TSR, and this trend could be used to help evaluate the occurrence and extent of TSR in subsurface gas reservoirs.