珊溪水库地震波速比时空分布特征

选取P波、S波到时差Δt≤14s的台站数据,使用多台和达法计算珊溪水库地震序列地震波速比,结合地震序列的时空分布特征和发震构造,分析序列的波速比时空分布特征。1)珊溪水库90%的地震波速比分布在1.66~1.75,波速比平均值为1.70;2)珊溪水库地震序列包含有多组地震活动,每组地震的波速比呈开始快速下降之后缓慢上升的变化,每两组地震之间的波速比呈现逐渐增大的趋势,其波速比的变化特征可以归纳为"下降-回升-发生一组地震";3)波速比的变化和震中位置的迁移有一定关系,地震迁移到新的位置时最初几次地震的波速比较大,随后波速比逐渐减小;4)波速比沿深度方向和双溪-焦溪垟断裂方向分布不均匀,位于水库淹没区的双溪-焦溪垟断裂西北段波速比较小,位于水库库岸的双溪-焦溪垟断裂东南段波速比在深度方向上的变化最复杂,存在两个高、低值相间的区域,4级以上地震均发生在这一段5~8km深度处的波速比高、低值过渡区域。     

保加利亚东南部的地震构造和地震危险性分析模型

对保加利亚南部及其周围地区的地震构造进行评述和分析并对此区编辑了地震目录，根据保加利亚南部的地震分布特征，震源机制和应力反演结果，我们给出：（１）证实了这个地区的新构造运动与现在正呈Ｎ－Ｓ缶扩张的希腊北部和爱琴海的新构造运动相似的假说；（２）指出地震能量的释放主要与正断层活动有关，破裂可能是由于在斯特鲁马断层带上有一些小的粘滑单元；（３）得到该区的频率震级关系，并推得特征震级在Ｍｓ＝７．０左右；（     

长江口以东海域Mg6.1地震前的地倾斜异常

１９９６年１１月９日长江口以乐海域发生Ｍｓ６．１地震,震前距震中２９０ｋｍ的湖州地倾斜台观测到中期异常和短临异常,距震澡２４０ｋｍ的宁波地倾斜台也观测到短临异常。这里简单介绍了地倾斜异常的演化过程以及地震三要素的预测。震前我们进行了中短期预报,取得较好效果,但没有提交短临预报意见,这主要是由于短临异常出现较晚和台站资料报送不及时所致。     

Kinetics of vitellogenin protein and mRNA induction and depuration in fish following laboratory and environmental exposure to oestrogens

Plaice, flounder and sand goby were exposed to ethynylestradiol (EE2) for 21 days and then followed for up to 31 days after removal of the oestrogen. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and hepatic VTG mRNA were determined in groups of fish sampled during the induction and post-exposure phases. VTG mRNA increased slightly earlier than plasma protein, but both reached maxima by 21 days. In contrast, VTG mRNA decayed much more rapidly than protein after EE2 exposure was terminated (typical values t(1/2) mRNA 3 days, protein 15-30 days). Vitellogenin and VTG mRNA thus measure different temporal events and this is illustrated by field data of male flounder in which both parameters have been determined. Few fish show co-ordinate increased VTG mRNA and vitellogenin but rather more fish have increased vitellogenin. Low level increases of VTG mRNA (5 X) is observed in some fish without increased vitellogenin and this may represent polymorphic differences between individual fish.     

Identification of transcriptional effects of ethynyl oestradiol in male plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) by suppression subtractive hybridisation and a nylon macroarray

Suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) was used to generate cDNA libraries representing genes differentially expressed in response to ethynyl oestradiol (EE2) exposure in liver from male plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) previously analysed for vitellogenin (VTG) induction. Characterisation of the cDNA clones identified many as VTG (2 genes) and zona radiata proteins (ZRP) (3 genes), but 40 encoded other proteins, with more than half cryptic. Further analysis identified 85 non-redundant clones suitable for array on nylon membrane. Radiolabelled cDNAs were prepared from hepatic mRNA from EE2 treated plaice (0 and 21 days) and hybridised with the arrayed clones. Analysis of the data showed that 11/17 novel, 21/22 VTG, 13/14 ZRP, 2/2 liver aspartic proteinase (LAP) and 8/10 other mRNAs were up-regulated by EE2 exposure.     

Oestrogenic markers and reduced population fertile egg production in a sand goby partial life-cycle test

Understanding the ecological significance of oestrogenic biomarker responses, seen in field surveys of some UK estuarine fish, requires a suitable model to link biochemical and reproductive effects. The sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) is a common inshore fish that has been successfully bred in laboratory aquaria. Juvenile sand goby were continuously exposed to 17beta-oestradiol (E2) during gonadal maturation, and their subsequent reproductive success investigated. Exposure endpoints included hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA expression and maturation (male nuptial colouration, sperm duct gland- and gonado-somatic indices (SDGSI, GSI)). Reproductive endpoints included spawning behaviour, brood size, fertility and population-level fertile egg production. Measured E2 exposure concentrations were <5 (controls), 17, 71 and 530 ngl(-1). Male maturation decreased with increasing E2 concentration. VTG mRNA expression increased with E2 concentration, but not with duration of exposure. Reproductive endpoints showed progressive impairment with increasing E2 concentration. For most endpoints, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 71 ngl(-1), and EC50s were in the range 87-165 ngl(-1). Pre-breeding male colouration, VTG expression and SDGSI were good predictors of subsequent population-level fertile egg production, but GSI was not. The sensitivity of oestrogenic markers in sand goby are comparable to those used in other species, and feral fish populations exhibiting such oestrogenic responses at molecular and organ levels are likely to have reduced fertile egg production.     

温州珊溪水库ML3.9震群震源参数特征

采用地震波谱方法测定了温州珊溪水库地震序列的震源参数，分析了震源应力降特征及地震矩与震级的关系。研究结果认为：珊溪震群地震矩和震级统计关系为logMo=1．07ML 10．3；占地震总数60％的小震应力降为0．018～O．049MPa，珊溪震群属于低应力背景下的地震活动；珊溪震区应力降分维数D=0．85，属于低值，反映了震区介质强度和应力分布的非均匀程度较高。     

浙江省及其邻区红外亮温异常与地震关系

选取2006—2013年的FY2风云2号气象卫星热红外亮温夜间数据,采用相对功率谱法进行全时空分析,获得优势频率和幅值。研究每一个频率点的相对功率谱随时间和空间的变化,与浙江省及其邻区17个ML5.0以上地震的三要素关系进行分析,得到如下结果:9个地震前出现热红外亮温相对功率谱异常,前三个特征周期的对应率比后三个特征周期高;在时间上,异常多出现在震前数日至数月,并且较多发生在异常达到最大值后和异常恢复后,少部分发生在异常达到最大值前;空间上,异常的表现为由弱-强-弱-消失的过程,异常形态多为从零星异常演化成团块状或与断裂带走向较为一致的条带状。异常时间、异常幅度、异常开始到地震发生的时间等特征与地震无明显关系。     

温州双溪-焦溪垟断裂土壤Rn和H2地球化学特征

利用断层土壤气探测方法,在珊溪水库地区双溪-焦溪垟断裂上3个不同位置进行土壤Rn和H2的测量,发现断裂带上的土壤Rn和H2测值在靠近断层破碎带或岩脉出露位置明显升高。结合断层气探测方法在探测隐伏断裂方面的应用,确定双溪-焦溪垟断裂在包山垟村附近具体经过位置。发震断裂上的土壤Rn和H2测值明显高于非发震断裂,说明珊溪水库地区土壤Rn和H2与地震活动性关系密切。     

Vitellogenin and lipovitellin from the prawn Macrobrachium borellii as hydrocarbon pollution biomarker

During reproduction vitellogenin (VTG) is transported to vitellogenic oocytes as a precursor of egg yolk lipovitellin (LV). As VTG synthesis is affected by environmental stressors, it is widely used as biomarker in endocrine disruption studies. However, it has seldom been employed to evaluate invertebrate hydrocarbon pollution. An ELISA with anti-LV antibody was developed to evaluate the impact of water-soluble fraction of crude oil (WSF) on Macrobrachium borellii vitellogenesis. Prawn VTG concentration was within the range reported for other crustaceans; LV values were positively correlated with gonadosomatic index (GSI). Females at different vitellogenic stages were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of WSF for 7 days. Exposed animals with GSI>7 increased their VTG and LV titer as compared to control organisms (190% and 140%, respectively). VTG levels in M. borellii were upregulated and highly sensitive to WSF exposure. This assay could be employed as a biomarker for freshwater hydrocarbon pollution.