水文地质研究新动向

由于日益增长的社会发展的需要，水文地质研究正在产生巨大变化。人们对各种工农业活动所产生的诸多环境污染问题的关注，以及对“高放”放射性废物和毒性液体的地下深层埋设的安全评价需求，致使水文地质研究产生许多新的生长点。无论是在水文地质研究的学科发展领域，还是在解决重大社会问题方向，水文地质学家均面临着巨大的挑战和机遇。     

Biological pollution in the Mediterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes

The authors have listed 85 species of macrophytes that have probably been introduced to the Mediterranean. Among them, nine species can be considered as invasive, i.e., playing a conspicuous role in the recipient ecosystems, taking the place of keystone species and/or being economically harmful: Acrothamnion preissii, Asparagopsis armata, Lophocladia lallemandii, Womersleyella setacea (Rhodophyta), Sargassum muticum, Stypopodium schimperi (Fucophyceae), Caulerpa racemosa, Caulerpa taxifolia and Halophila stipulacea (Plantae). These data fit well the Williamson and Fitter's "tens rule", which states that, on average, 1 out of 10 introduced species becomes invasive. Though some features (e.g. life traits, geographical origin) can increase the likelihood of a successful invasion, the success of invaders is far from being predictable. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the number of introduced species to the Mediterranean has nearly doubled every 20 years. Should these kinetics continue, and according to the tens rule, it can be expected that 5-10 newly introduced macrophytes shall become invasive in the next 20 years.     

不同类型地震的地震矩-震级标度关系研究

收集整理了中国大陆1977～2001年发生的107次M≥5．0地震的震型、震源机制、发震断层、地震矩等参数，在此基础上研究了不同震型、不同断层性质地震的地震矩与震级的关系。结果表明，地震矩和震级标度关系中直线的斜率与地震视应力和介质非均匀程度相联系，走滑断层地震的视应力和介质的非均匀程度均高于非走滑断层地震，走滑断层中孤立型地震的视应力和介质的非均匀程度均低干多震型地震。     

地震波拐角频率对地震序列的依赖性研究

使用皎口、海城、陡和、浑源等地震序列的地震波记录，研究了拐角频率随地震序列进程的变化特征。为了消除地震震级对拐角频率趋势性变化的影响，求得了每个地震的拐角频率与序列中同震级地震拐角频率的比值随地震序列发展而变化的曲线，较好地反映出该比值的发展进程；即在一个前一主一余地震序列中，同震级前震拐角频率高于余震拐角频率；而对震群地震序列则看不出这种变化。利用地震序列外围地区适当范围小震资料的拐角频率作为背景值，其比值曲线同样很好地反映出地震序列发展的规律。本方法可以作为对地震序列发展趋势进行较客观评估的新方法。     

三峡重点监视区构造地震与矿震时频谱特征分析

基于三峡数字遥测地震台网记录的数字化波形资料,利用谱图时频分析方法,研究了三峡地区构造地震和矿震波谱的时频特征,发现二者的时频谱特征存在着明显的差异:1)构造地震波主频高于矿震;2)构造地震波的频率成分比矿震丰富,能量密度频谱随频率轴展布较宽,前者带宽是后者的4倍;3)矿震能量强度的峰值在整个波列中出现的时间较构造地震早,且能量衰减较快     

2015年3月龙游地震台水位异常分析

针对龙游地震台水位仪观测2015年3月17日出现的台阶异常现象,对比分析该台观测井2011年6-8月水淹前后的观测资料,架设临时观测仪器进行同步观测,并进行线性测试等分析,认为龙游水位仪传感器自水井被洪水淹后,因超量程而导致损坏,水位仪观测值不能真实反映井水位变化,推断此次台阶异常并非地震前兆异常。     

地震台站UPS电源选型及远程管理

从分析不同类型UPS输入输出性能指标、系统特性指标和对电源干扰的抑制能力出发,介绍了选择UPS时需要考虑的几个问题和选择的主要原则。并结合具体实例,给出了计算UPS容量的方法,即确定UPS的容量时主要应考虑负载性质、负载容量和负载率等因素。最后,结合"十五"数字地震观测网络项目的实际,介绍了如何选择和配置UPS的智能附件,并利用台站的网络条件,实现了UPS的远程监控和管理。     

Distribution, origin, and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan

Sediment samples were collected from 12 locations of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAH concentrations varied from 472 to 16,201 ng g(-1) dry weight. The highest PAH concentrations were from the industrial zone docks situated in south Kaohsiung Harbor. Diagnostic ratios showed that the possible source of PAHs in the industrial zone dock could be coal combustion while in the other zones it could be petroleum combustion. The toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQcarc) of PAHs varied from 55 to 1964 ng TEQ g(-1) dry weight. Higher total TEQcarc values were found at industrial zone docks (from 1404 to 1964 ng TEQ g(-1) dry weight). As compared with the US Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the observed levels of PAHs at industrial zone docks exceeded the effects range low (ERL), and could thus cause acute biological damage. However, the lower levels of PAHs at the other zones would probably not exert adverse biological effects.     

广东新丰江水库地震垂向引潮力的调制作用研究

按照前人对新丰江水库地震序列特征的研究,以1965年为界将新丰江水库地震序列分为前期和后期,对前期(M<,s>≥4.3)和后期(M<,s>≥4.2)地震垂向引潮力的触发特征进行了研究.发现前期15次M<,s>≥4.3级地震发震时刻垂向引潮力的方向处于向下区间的有12次,占80%;其中M<,s>≥4.5级地震全部都处于垂...