塔里木盆地晚泥盆世-早石炭世东河砂岩沉积相

东河砂岩是塔里木盆地主要的勘探目的层和产油层之一。经过多年艰苦勘探和多学科综合研究,现已认识到东河砂岩为晚泥盆世晚期至早石炭世早期海平面上升背景下沉积的一套海侵底砂（砾）岩,在盆地范围内是一个明显的穿时沉积体。东河砂岩以滨浅海相陆源碎屑沉积占优势,局部发育海陆过渡相陆源碎屑沉积。根据盆地内100多口井资料的岩石学特征、沉积特征以及其它指相标志的综合分析,在东河砂岩中识别出滨岸、河口湾、辫状河三角洲以及冲积扇等不同的沉积相类型,其中高能碎屑滨岸相最重要,分布最广。东河砂岩沉积早期和中期,盆地主要为高能碎屑滨岸相和碎屑陆棚相沉积,末期海侵达到最大,盆地内为碳酸盐台地沉积,而轮南及盆地北部一带受物源区的影响,出现混积滨岸和碎屑滨岸沉积。东河砂岩明显具有填平补齐的沉积特征,其砂体厚度在缓坡处减薄、陡坡处增厚、遇孤岛减薄或尖灭,这些沉积特征为形成东河砂岩非构造圈闭奠定了良好的地质基础。满加尔、轮南、塔中、玛扎塔格以及草湖地区都有可能找到该类油气藏（田）,展示了东河砂岩非构造圈闭的良好勘探前景。     

Simulations of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation by the Atmospheric General Circulation Model of the Beijing Climate Center

The performance of BCC (Beijing Climate Center) AGCM 2.0.1 (Atmospheric General Circulation Model version 2.0.1) in simulating the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (TIO) is examined in this paper.The simulations are validated against observation and compared with the NCAR CAM3 (Community Atmosphere Model version 3) results.The BCC AGCM2.0.1 is developed based on the original BCC AGCM (version 1) and NCAR CAM3.New reference atmosphere and reference pressure are introduced into the model.Therefore,the origi...     

What Kind of Initial Errors Cause the Severest Prediction Uncertainty of El Nino in Zebiak-Cane Model

With the Zebiak-Cane(ZC)model,the initial error that has the largest effect on ENSO prediction is explored by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP).The results demonstrate that CNOP-type errors cause the largest prediction error of ENSO in the ZC model.By analyzing the behavior of CNOP- type errors,we find that for the normal states and the relatively weak El Nino events in the ZC model,the predictions tend to yield false alarms due to the uncertainties caused by CNOP.For the relatively strong El Nino events,the ZC model largely underestimates their intensities.Also,our results suggest that the error growth of El Nino in the ZC model depends on the phases of both the annual cycle and ENSO.The condition during northern spring and summer is most favorable for the error growth.The ENSO prediction bestriding these two seasons may be the most diffcult.A linear singular vector(LSV)approach is also used to estimate the error growth of ENSO,but it underestimates the prediction uncertainties of ENSO in the ZC model.This result indicates that the different initial errors cause different amplitudes of prediction errors though they have same magnitudes.CNOP yields the severest prediction uncertainty.That is to say,the prediction skill of ENSO is closely related to the types of initial error.This finding illustrates a theoretical basis of data assimilation.It is expected that a data assimilation method can filter the initial errors related to CNOP and improve the ENSO forecast skill.     

黄山大气气溶胶微观特性的观测研究

根据2008年4—7月黄山大气气溶胶观测资料,研究了气溶胶粒子的数浓度、谱分布特征及其与气象因子的关系,探讨了雾天和非雾天气溶胶颗粒物时间和尺度分布特点。分析发现,黄山光明顶春、夏季大气气溶胶数浓度的平均值分别为3.14×103个/cm3和1.80×103个/cm3,其中超细粒子(粒径小于0.1μm的粒子)在春夏季分别约占总粒子数浓度的79%和68%;高数浓度值集中在粒径0.04～0.12μm;积聚模态气溶胶粒子(0.1～1.0μm)在体积浓度分布和表面积分布中占很大比例。结合气象资料比较了雾天与非雾天气溶胶分布的差异,发现细粒子浓度非雾天大于雾天,而气溶胶数浓度与温度呈正相关,与相对湿度成反相关。结果还发现,黄山在春季以西北风和偏南风为主,西北风时气溶胶数浓度较高,在夏季主要以偏南风,特别是西南风为主,但是气溶胶数浓度的高值多发生在偏东风的条件下。     

南京北郊冬季大气SO_2、NO_2和O_3的变化特征

利用差分吸收光谱仪DOAS(differential optical absorption spectroscopy),对2007年11月—2008年1月南京北郊大气SO2、NO2和O3进行了观测。结合Parsivel降水粒子谱仪和自动气象站的资料,对冬季大气污染气体的浓度变化规律及降水和风速风向对其的影响进行了分析。结果表明,南京北郊大气SO2浓度较高,呈明显双峰特征,分别在12时(北京时,下同)和00时达最大,受附近排放源的影响最大,东风及南风时比静风时SO2浓度更高。降水对SO2湿清除效果明显,清除系数平均为0.168 h-1。NO2气体呈明显单峰特征,在18时达最高值。南京北郊是NO2源区之一,主要受附近高速公路汽车尾气排放源的影响。静风时NO2浓度最高。O3浓度受NO2的影响较明显。O3日变化呈单峰特征,在15时达最大值,静风时O3浓度最低。降水对O3的间接影响较明显,在降水时,白天由于太阳辐射较弱,O3浓度降低;夜晚NO浓度较低,使得O3浓度升高。     

A lunar cryptomare dome near Mee H and Drebbel F

In this study, we examine the lunar mare dome Mee 1 situated near the craters Mee H and Drebbel F in a region showing evidence of ancient (pre-Orientale) mare volcanism and cryptomare deposits. Regional stratigraphic relations indicate that Mee 1 was formed prior to the Orientale impact at the beginning of the Imbrian period. Based on a combined photoclinometry and shape from shading technique applied to telescopic CCD images of the dome acquired under oblique illumination, we determined a diameter of Mee 1 of 25 km, a height of 250 m, a flank slope of 1.15^°, and a volume of . Based on rheologic modelling of the dome and a viscoelastic model of the feeder dike, we obtained a magma viscosity of , an effusion rate of , a duration of the effusion process of 1.6 years, a magma rise speed of , a width of the feeder dike of 32 m, and a horizontal dike length of 144 km. A comparison of Mee 1 with domes with similar morphometric properties, which are located near Milichius and inside the crater Petavius, reveals strong similarities with respect to the viscosity of the dome-forming magma and the feeder dike geometry, while the effusion rate and magma rise speed of Mee 1 are somewhat higher. The pronounced morphometric differences between Mee 1 and a smaller dome situated close to the crater Doppelmayer and characterised by a similar magma viscosity suggest that the growth of that dome was limited by exhaustion of the magma reservoir, while Mee 1 and the other larger domes display morphometric properties presumably coming closer to the cooling limit. The comparison of the ancient dome Mee 1 with the younger (Eratosthenian) edifices near Milichius and Doppelmayer suggests that the conditions in the upper mantle and the crust favoured high eruption volumes, effusion rates, and magma rise speeds, implying the occurrence of large magma reservoirs preventing the limitation of dome growth by magma exhaustion. On the other hand, we observe similar general morphometric, rheologic, and feeder dike characteristics and, thus, conclude that the formation conditions of lunar mare domes did not change fundamentally during the Imbrian period.     

Lunar intrusive domes: Morphometric analysis and laccolith modelling

This study examines a set of lunar domes with very low flank slopes which differ in several respects from the frequently occurring lunar effusive domes. Some of these domes are exceptionally large, and most of them are associated with faults or linear rilles of presumably tensional origin. Accordingly, they might be interpreted as surface manifestations of laccolithic intrusions formed by flexure-induced vertical uplift of the lunar crust (or, alternatively, as low effusive edifices due to lava mantling of highland terrain, or kipukas, or structural features). All of them are situated near the borders of mare regions or in regions characterised by extensive effusive volcanic activity. Clementine multispectral UVVIS imagery indicates that they do not preferentially occur in specific types of mare basalt. Our determination of their morphometric properties, involving a combined photoclinometry and shape from shading technique applied to telescopic CCD images acquired at oblique illumination, reveals large dome diameters between 10 and more than 30 km, flank slopes below 0.9°, and volumes ranging from 0.5 to 50 km³. We establish three morphometric classes. The first class, In1, comprises large domes with diameters above 25 km and flank slopes of 0.2°-0.6°, class In2 is made up by smaller and slightly steeper domes with diameters of 10-15 km and flank slopes between 0.4° and 0.9°, and domes of class In3 have diameters of 13-20 km and flank slopes below 0.3°. While the morphometric properties of several candidate intrusive domes overlap with those of some classes of effusive domes, we show that a possible distinction criterion are the characteristic elongated outlines of the candidate intrusive domes. We examine how they differ from typical effusive domes of classes 5 and 6 defined by Head and Gifford [Head, J.W., Gifford, A., 1980. Lunar mare domes: classification and modes of origin. Moon Planets 22, 235-257], and show that they are likely no highland kipukas due to the absence of spectral contrast to their surrounding. These considerations serve as a motivation for an analysis of the candidate intrusive domes in terms of the laccolith model by Kerr and Pollard [Kerr, A.D., Pollard, D.D., 1998. Toward more realistic formulations for the analysis of laccoliths. J. Struct. Geol. 20(12), 1783-1793], to estimate the geophysical parameters, especially the intrusion depth and the magma pressure, which would result from the observed morphometric properties. Accordingly, domes of class In1 are characterised by intrusion depths of 2.3-3.5 km and magma pressures between 18 and 29 MPa. For the smaller and steeper domes of class In2 the magma intruded to shallow depths between 0.4 and 1.0 km while the inferred magma pressures range from 3 to 8 MPa. Class In3 domes are similar to those of class In1 with intrusion depths of 1.8-2.7 km and magma pressures of 15-23 MPa. As an extraordinary feature, we describe in some detail the concentric crater Archytas G associated with the intrusive dome Ar1 and discuss possible modes of origin. In comparison to the candidate intrusive domes, terrestrial laccoliths tend to be smaller, but it remains unclear if this observation is merely a selection effect due to the limited resolution of our telescopic CCD images. An elongated outline is common to many terrestrial laccoliths and the putative lunar laccoliths, while the thickness values measured for terrestrial laccoliths are typically higher than those inferred for lunar laccoliths, but the typical intrusion depths are comparable.     

Lithologic Hydrocarbon Deposits in Rift Lake Basins in Eastern China

The rift lake basins in the eastern China have abundant hydrocarbon resources of lithologic deposits, which resulted from excellent source rocks and multi-type sandbodies developed during strong rifting. Vertically, the lithologic deposits are mainly distributed in the lowstand, lacustrine invasion and early highstand systems of third-order sequence corresponding to a secondary tectonic episode of strong rifting, and laterally they are closely related to various fans and turbidite sandbodies controlled by syn-sedimentary faults. A variety of lithologic traps have been developed in the rift lake basins, and they generally have favorable conditions of source-reservoir-seal assemblage and hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics, indicating that there is a great exploration potential of lithologic deposits in the rift lake basins. In order to obtain satisfactory effects of lithologic deposit exploration, it is required to combine new theories with advanced technical methods.     

The Classification and Model of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs

Coalbed methane has been explored in many basins worldwide for 30 years, and has been developed commercially in some of the basins. Many researchers have described the characteristics of coalbed methane geology and technology systematically. According to these investigations, a coalbed methane reservoir can be defined: "a coal seam that contains some coalbed methane and is isolated from other fluid units is called a coalbed methane reservoir". On the basis of anatomization, analysis, and comparison of the typical coalbed methane reservoirs, coalbed methane reservoirs can be divided into two classes: the hydrodynamic sealing coalbed methane reservoirs and the self-sealing coalbed methane reservoirs. The former can be further divided into two sub-classes: the hydrodynamic capping coalbed methane reservoirs, which can be divided into five types and the hydrodynamic driving coalbed methane reservoirs, which can be divided into three types. The latter can be divided into three types. Currently, hydrodynamic s     

GIS Platform-based Multi-source Information System for Evaluation of Cu, W and Au Resources in the Northern Qilian, China

Based on the information of geology, geochemistry, geophysics and remote sensing, the GIS of multi-source information is used to evaluate Cu, W and Au mineral resources in Northern Qilian, China. As the GIS evaluation system works out in the thinking of geological prospecting, its functions include file management, graph edition, database maintenance, information inquiry and comprehensive spatial analysis as well as prospecting target prognosis. Accordingly, the GIS evaluation system can be used directly and conveniently for inquiry and analysis of visual graphs or images.