我国近海米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)藻华发生概况、危害及其生态学机制

米氏凯伦藻(Kareniamikimotoi)隶属于裸甲藻目(Gymnodiniales)凯伦藻科(Kareniaceae)。该藻广泛分布于全球海域,是海洋中的主要有毒有害赤潮藻,也是我国第二大灾害性赤潮肇事种。米氏凯伦藻可产生半乳糖脂、溶血毒素、鱼毒素和部分细胞毒素,当其大规模暴发时会造成严重的生态灾害和经济损失,并危及海产品安全和人类健康。该藻为广温广盐种,光照耐受阈宽,多以光合作用营自养生长,主要繁殖方式为无性繁殖;另外,米氏凯伦藻能吸收利用不同形态的磷盐,并可进行吞噬营养。这些生态学特性使其具有环境适应优势,在适宜条件下过度繁殖引发藻华。     

Karlodinium elegans sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales,Dinophyceae), a novel species isolated from the East China Sea in a dinofl agellate bloom

Abstract On May 24–29,2019,a harmful algal bloom occurred in Pingtan coastal areas,Fujian,southeast China,and caused mass mortality of cage-cultured fi sh.Two clonal cultures of an unknown naked dinofl agellate were set up from seawater samples taken during the bloom.The cultures were examined for morphological features,ultrastructure characters,photosynthetic pigments,the large subunit(LSU)of the rRNA gene,and the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)sequences,as well as acute toxicity analysis.The cell was unarmored,small-sized,and ovoid,and was characterized by elaborate striations on the epicone and hypocone.The nucleus was large,ellipsoid to oval or kidney-shaped,and centrally located in the cell.A long linear apical groove originated above the sulcus in the ventral epicone and extended to the dorsal side.An elongate,slit-like“ventral pore”was located on the left of the epicone,well away from the apical groove.The chloroplasts were yellowish brown,numerous,band like,and irregularly distributed in the cell periphery.Fucoxanthin was the main accessory pigment composition.Phylogeny topology reconstructed on partial LSU rDNA showed that the unknown dinofl agellate branched as a sister species to Karlodinium sp.(strain IFR981&IFR797,from France)and Karlodinium corrugatum(strain KDGSO08,from Australia),with genetic divergences of 0.6%and 3.3%,respectively.Based on the morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis,we describe the novel dinofl agellate as Karlodinium elegans sp.nov.A toxicity assay revealed that the clonal culture of K.elegans(strain PTB601)had no adverse eff ect on brine shrimp(Artemia salina)and marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma),indicating it may not be a toxic species.     

基于参数统计的LiDAR数据分割算法

假设自然地表分布连续,在地形起伏不大的情况下,局部地表的高程值具有正态分布的特点,而地物点的存在往往会破坏正态分布的平衡性。基于这种思想文中引入两个反映正态分布特点的统计量：偏度和峰度,设计了基于参数统计的LiDAR分割算法。该方法无需事先设定阈值,实施简单方便,不仅适用于格网形式LiDAR数据,也可用于离散分布的激光脚点。     

M-LZD算法中表面变形的可探测性分析

现有的基于LZD方法的DEM变形探测方法都是将表面变形作为粗差,采用不同的稳健估计方法来探测。粗差具有发现和定位能力是粗差探测的前提,而现有方法均没有进行粗差发现和定位能力分析。本文首先采用判断矩阵对其进行了理论分析,然后对结果在不同类型地面的DEM进行了试验。根据试验结果,任意2个判断向量线性无关,判断矩阵中没有零元素,相关数等于多余观测个数。试验结果表明,DEM表面上无论多少粗差均具有发现和定位能力;基于LZD方法的DEM表面变形探测方法在理论上是完备的,可以正确地发现和定位粗差。     

土地质量地球化学评估方法研究——以慈溪市为例

以地球化学方法对慈溪市土地质量进行评估,通过层次分析法、因子分析法和专家经验法三种评估方法的对比研究,认为层次分析法、因子分析法比较适合一般土地质量评估,而专家经验法更适合污染土地质量地球化学评估。本文探索了适合土地质量评估的优选方案,为土地质量生态管理和土地合理规划、利用提供依据。     

杭州西溪湿地灌草群落组成的季节变化

采用随机取样、定点调查的方法,分析杭州西溪湿地灌草植物群落的类型与时间、空间的关系,并用多样性指数分析春、夏、秋、冬四季中植物群落组成的特点.结果表明,西溪湿地物种对时间生态位的利用比较充分,四季中群落组成有较为明湿的变化;春季物种最为丰富,9 m2中达29种,香农一威纳指数H'为2.73,与其他季节相比差异显著;冬季物种最少,为11种,H'为2.14;夏秋季物种多样性介于春、冬季之间.西溪湿地的现有植物组成是人与自然因素共同作用的结果,而人的影响更大.西溪湿地典型的湿地物种偏少,外来有害入侵物种的比例较高,建议在去除影响景观、影响本土物种多样性的入侵种的同时,增加低湿的生境,并补种湿地物种.     

基于主成分分析法的DEM粗差定位

规则格网DEM数据结构简单,易于存储,因而针对于它设计的粗差探测算法成果丰富,较为常用的有基于坡度信息算法以及基于参数统计方法。本文在现有算法的基础上,将主成分分析法应用到DEM粗差定位中,充分考虑DEM数据空间相关的特性,使粗差检测更为准确可靠。本文采用实测的ZX铁路线DEM数据对该算法进行检验,从试验结果可以得知,新算法不仅适用于生产者,也可面向最终用户。     

台湾海峡铀的来源及保守性混合

Seawater samples are collected in the spring of 2013 from the Taiwan Strait for the analysis of uranium(U)concentrations and isotopic compositions using MC-ICP-MS, and the geochemical behavior patterns of U in the Taiwan Strait are then investigated. Average concentrations of individual U isotopes are(3.23±0.14) μg/kg for 238 U,(2.34±0.09)×10~(–2) μg/kg for ~(235)U and(2.05±0.07)×10~(–4) μg/kg for 234 U. Correspondingly, the U isotopic compositions are 155±18 for δ234U and 138±2 for 238U:235U. The U concentrations and isotopic ratios in the Taiwan Strait are similar to those of open ocean seawater, suggesting the dominance of the open ocean input to the strait's U pool.However, river input, as suggested by the slightly lower salinity than that of the open ocean, also affected the U concentrations and isotopic compositions in the strait. From a compilation of U concentrations in the Taiwan Strait and adjacent areas, including the Jiulong Estuary and Zhujiang Estuary, the Xiamen Bay and the northern South China Sea, a strong and significant relationship between U concentration and salinity [U:S; U=(0.093 4±0.002 4)S+(0.092 0±0.061 5)] is revealed, suggesting conservative mixing of U in the Taiwan Strait. To better understand the U geochemistry in the Taiwan Strait, a multiple endmembers mixing model is applied to estimate the contributions of potential sources. The open ocean seawater contributed 69%–95% of U in the Taiwan Strait, with river water approximately 2%, and dust deposition only around 0.13%. Therefore, the model results supported the open ocean input source and the conservative mixing behavior of U derived from the observation of U concentrations and isotopic ratios and U:S ratios. The sediment interstitial water may be an important source of U to the Taiwan Strait with a possible contribution of 3%–29%, consistent with previous investigations based on radium isotopes.However, further investigations are warranted to examine the U concentration in the sediment interstitial water and its input to the overlying seawater in the Taiwan Strait.     

南岭东段早侏罗世沉积岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义——以东坑盆地为例

印支造山运动是华南早中生代最重要的构造-岩浆事件,它在很大程度上影响了华南现今的地形和地貌特点。本文研究了南岭东段赣南早侏罗世东坑火山岩盆地沉积岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年代,获得最显著的年龄峰值为196Ma、238Ma、364Ma和427Ma,表明该沉积岩并不是外来的震旦纪-寒武纪变质岩,而是早侏罗世裂谷火山盆地的沉积物。缺乏260～290Ma的锆石年龄,很可能反映物质为近源来源。通过与闽西南晚三叠世和华南内陆中-晚二叠世沉积砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄谱对比,反映华南印支早期(290～260Ma)岩浆活动主体在东南沿海地区,晚期(240～200Ma)主体发育在内陆地区。大量印支期侵入岩锆石的出现也很可能表明华南内陆印支造山带在～190Ma已经经历了相当程度的垮塌。     

应用近红外光谱法研究泻湖湿地沉积物重金属活动态特征及生态风险评价

沉积物中的重金属元素经自然作用下可以活动态进行迁移,具有潜在生物可利用性及潜在的区域生态风险。利用近红外光谱(NIRS)技术开展不同基体类型样品响应机理研究,可为评估重金属活动态提供无损、快速的分析方法,为生态风险研究提供依据。天津七里海泻湖湿地沉积物具有低有机质-高黏土含量的特征,本文基于近红外光谱分析技术,建立了沉积物中Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb重金属活动态组分含量近红外光谱-偏最小二乘回归预测模型。实验结果表明:样品在7290～6390cm~(-1)和4683～4000cm~(-1)波段存在的双羟基O—H伸缩振动、AlAl—OH及Al(Mg)—OH弯曲振动特征吸收,间接指示了重金属元素活动态含量。光谱预测结果显示,近百年来七里海沉积物中Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb活动态组分的变化特征对应了当地1934—1948年、1956—1963年、1976年至今三次较明显的升温过程,也对应了1980年七里海水库建设等大型人为扰动。本研究样品中Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb总量及活动态均低于国家标准中规定的生态风险阈值,七里海内村镇及周边农田来自湿地释放的重金属生态风险极低。