Design of Distorted Wave Protection Armor Units

In consideration of the global optimization for engineering projects, a group of calculation formulas have been derived by means of theoretical derivation and model tests. On this basis, a design procedure for the distorted units is proposed, by means of which the distorted units of an anology shape and an identical porosity ratio with the original units can be obtained after conducting a distorted enlargement and a normal contraction. The stability waveheight and stability factor of the distorted unit can be calculated with the enlargement factor, a, of the horizontal dimension of the distorted unit, or with the contraction scale, A , of the contracted distorted unit. As a result, the stability of the armor unit can be significantly improved without increasing the quantity of concrete. For the same wave met by the original units, the thickness of placement of the contracted distorted unit can be obviously reduced, thus, a large quantity of concrete can be saved, consequently, economic benefit can be achieved.     

Numerical Study of Oil Pollution on Sea Waters

This paper adopted an upstream FEM of 2-D unsteady flow to calculate the tidal flow in Zhoushan sea area. Based on the verification of the tidal current and environmental situation, the effects of the oily waste discharged from the oil berths on water quality have been calculated with a similar method. The isodilutions of oil pollutant are drawn from different sewage discharges. The moving loci of the slick centrepoint of oil spill have been calculated. The spreading area of the oil spill has also been forecasted. The results indicate that the set of models can predict the transport of oil spill in the sea area with reasonable accuracy.     

Qualification Test for the Reliability of Diver Gas Recovery System

A qualification test for the reliability of a newly-developed Diver Gas Recovery System(DGRS)was carried out in the Naval Medical Research Institute of the People's Liberation Army,Chinafrom March 29 to April 2,1995.A sequential test plan of high discrimination ratio for the mean time be-tween failures(MTBF)was adopted.The test procedures simulated those of a 300 msw dive.A hyperbaricbreathing machine was used for the simulation of diver's respiratory functions.Parameters,such as divingdepth,respiratory minute volume(RMV),CO_2 production,gas flow rate,partial pressure of carbondioxide,and ambient temperature and himidity were all displayed and recorded with a microcomputer sys-tem.The results indicated that no failure occurred during the 91.5 h operation.According to the accept-ance and rejection criteria specified in the statistical test plan,a no-failure score in the 88 h operation is ac-ceptable.Therefore,the DGRS has been demonstrated to meet the requirements of MTBF specified in thecontract.     

Investigation of Allowable Stresses for Fatigue Design of Fixed Offshore Platforms

Fatigue design method is usually used for estimating whether a platform structure meets the requirements of fatigue resistance. It is described in API RP-2A and ZC rules for fixed offshore platforms, in which the allowable stresses for fatigue design are defined. In this paper discussed are the allowable stresses related factors, such as wave climate, structural response, fatigue behaviour of structural members.     

Interaction Between Pile-Supported Pier and Bank Slope

- Generally the toe of the bank slope in front of the pile- supported pier has to be dredged to meet the requirements of water depth for the berth of ships, while the top of the slope in rear of the pier must be backfilled and elevated to make connections with land transportation. Then the natural state of equilibrium of the slope is destroyed, and some deformation and displacement are unavoidably induced in the soil mass which will exert an undesirable influence on the pile foundation of the pier. This is a typical problem of the interaction between the so-called "passive pile" and surrounding soil, and has been scarcely studied in the literature of geotechnical engineering. In this paper, field observation, model tests and numerical analysis conducted by the authors to study the interaction between pile-supported pier and bank slope are briefly described and some preliminary results are presented.     

Model Study of Permeable Caisson Breakwater with Slanting Slabs

- This paper describes the design of a permeable caisson breakwater with slanting slabs (Types I and 11) and presents some preliminary experimental results, together with relevant figures and tables. Analysis is made of the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient, acting wave pressures, water jetting at the crest of the breakwater, and wave overtopping. Experiments show conclusively that this type of breakwater has the advantages of light dead weight, good wave-absorbing performance, low coefficients of reflection and transmission, and small wave overtopping.     

CRITICAL CONDITION FOR THE INITIATION OF SUSPENSION

L INTRODUCTIONSediment particles move either as bed load or as suspended load, depending on thecharacteristics of flow condition and on the properties of the sediment particlethemselves. Exchange between bed load and bed material takes place directly, while thesuspended load, under general conditions, can hardly interact with the stationary bedwithout the bed load as a medium. It is necessary to take into full account theinteractions of suspended load, bed load and bed material when bed d…